Deck 12: Religion, Romanticism, and Reform, 1800-1860

Question 1

The large wave of religious revivals around the turn the of the nineteenth century is known as

A)the First Great Awakening.
B)the Second Great Awakening.
C)a Grand Revival.
D)the Concordant of America.
E)the Advent of America.

Answer 1

the Second Great Awakening.

Question 2

Which of the following advocates of religious liberalism believed Jesus to be a saintly but not divine man?

A)Baptist
B)Anglican
C)Unitarian
D)Presbyterian
E)Lutheran

Answer 2

Unitarian

Question 3

During the nineteenth century, many American Christians embraced a more __________ religious outlook than in the past.

A)optimistic and democratic
B)dark and pessimistic
C)separatist
D)simplistic
E)antagonistic and violent

Answer 3

optimistic and democratic

Question 4

A Treatise on Domestic Economy argued that men and women should share equally in completing the work of the household's domestic sphere.

Question 5

The word teetotaler originated with a temperance society's use of the letter T to signify total abstinence.

Question 6

William Lloyd Garrison published a militant anti-slavery newspaper called the Liberator.

Question 7

The Seneca Falls Convention was organized in 1848 to promote women's rights and issued a document declaring that "all men and women were created equal."

Question 8

A major change in attitudes toward prisons during the 1830s was the idea that prisoners could not be rehabilitated.

Question 9

Mormon leader Joseph Smith was an advocate of "monogamous marriage."

Question 10

Frederick Douglass was a black abolitionist.

Question 11

Transcendentalism was the idea that individuals could "transcend" the material world and discover the "spirit" animating the universe.

Question 12

Backwoods revivals were usually

A)government sponsored.
B)family events.
C)political campaign rallies.
D)important social functions.
E)held in the dark of night because of their clandestine nature.

Question 13

The intellectual defenses of slavery in the South admitted that the institution offered no benefits to blacks.

Question 14

The American Colonization Society established the African nation of Liberia as a new home for free American blacks.

Question 15

Elijah P.Lovejoy, editor of an anti-slavery newspaper and former minister, was murdered in Illinois by a pro-slavery mob from Missouri when he tried to form an anti-slavery society.

Question 16

The successful example of antebellum utopian communities converted many Americans to socialism.

Question 17

Horace Mann was a notable promoter of public schools.

Question 18

One of the biggest centers of activity during the Second Great Awakening was located in the __________ portion of the United States.

A)North
B)Midwest
C)Pacific Coast
D)Old Southwest
E)northeastern

Question 19

According to the textbook, the most provocative American writer during the nineteenth century was Emily Dickinson.

Question 20

The massive wave of religious revivals across America around 1800 was called the Unitarian/Universalist Movement.

Question 21

During the mid-nineteenth century evangelical societies sought to organize __________ to spread the gospel to the children of the working poor.

A)children's churches
B)urban missionary societies
C)workplace daycares
D)community Bible studies
E)Sunday schools

Question 22

How did the official social status of women by the mid-nineteenth century compare to that of the colonial era?

A)Women had countless more opportunities in the nineteenth century.
B)Not much had changed since colonial times.
C)Women were seen as the social equals of men by the nineteenth century.
D)Women had the same social status as slaves in the nineteenth century.
E)Multiple college-level opportunities opened for women in the nineteenth century.

Question 23

During the Romanticism era, __________ found some of his work banned in Boston because of the frankness of his writing.

A)Ralph Waldo Emerson
B)Henry David Thoreau
C)Nathaniel Hawthorne
D)Walt Whitman
E)George Peabody

Question 24

As described by one of its adherents, __________ was defined as being "a little beyond" the scope of reason.

A)transcendentalism
B)socialism
C)enlightenment
D)progressivism
E)Romanticism

Question 25

__________ contended that the Second Great Awakening was intended to reform human society as well as promote individual salvation.

A)William Cobbett
B)John Latrobe
C)Lyman Beecher
D)James Whitman
E)William Kennedy

Question 26

In the 1960s Martin Luther King Jr.was influenced by __________ during the Civil Rights era.

A)Walden
B)Civil Disobedience
C)Life in the Woods
D)Leaves of Grass
E)Brooklyn Eagle

Question 27

According to the textbook, the most "strikingly original" of the New England poets to emerge during the Romanticism era was

A)Sheila Jackson Lee.
B)Emily Dickinson.
C)Susan B.Anthony.
D)James Townsend.
E)James Taylor.

Question 28

__________ is best known as a reformer who heightened awareness of the mentally ill during the Romantic period.

A)Susan B.Anthony
B)Harriet Beecher Stowe
C)Dorothea Dix
D)Wilma Clinton
E)Florida Calhoun

Question 29

A Treatise on Domestic Economy charged women to be

A)free of worldly influences.
B)the managers of their households.
C)submissive to their husbands.
D)cognizant in planning their pregnancies.
E)assertive in their marriages.

Question 30

__________ embodied the individual freedom and self-culture aspects of transcendentalism.

A)Ralph Waldo Emerson
B)Henry David Thoreau
C)Nathaniel Hawthorne
D)Elizabeth Peabody
E)Margaret Fuller

Question 31

Inspired by the United States' declaration of war against Mexico, __________ wrote "Civil Disobedience."

A)Ralph Waldo Emerson
B)Henry David Thoreau
C)Nathaniel Hawthorne
D)Elizabeth Peabody
E)Margaret Fuller

Question 32

The __________ movement intended to reduce or eradicate the consumption of alcohol in the United States.

A)progressive
B)populist
C)redeemer
D)temperance
E)reform

Question 33

During the Romantic era, __________ were created to help people recover from mental illnesses.

A)asylums
B)mental health institutions
C)tenements
D)penitentiaries
E)half-way houses

Question 34

What did nineteenth-century Baptist theology mean by "biblical fundamentalism"?

A)That everyone should understand the fundamentals of the Bible
B)That every word of the Bible was literally true
C)That the Bible contained fundamental truths for daily living
D)That society should adhere to biblical law
E)That the founders had used the Bible as the basis for the Constitution

Question 35

Thoreau and Emerson portrayed the transcendentalist movement as an expression of

A)hope and change.
B)moral idealism.
C)political correctness.
D)political corruption.
E)societal corruption.

Question 36

U.S.penitentiaries of the nineteenth century became places designed not only to punish but also to

A)rehabilitate.
B)execute.
C)produce farm products.
D)entertain.
E)convert to Christianity.

Question 37

Which of the following would be considered a transcendentalist?

A)Edgar Allen Poe
B)Walt Whitman
C)Nathaniel Hawthorne
D)Emily Dickinson
E)Mark Twain

Question 38

The Declaration of Sentiments was written at

A)the Constitutional Convention.
B)the Centennial Exposition.
C)the Seneca Falls Convention.
D)Walden Pond.
E)Jamestown.

Question 39

The __________ was a new denomination formed by blacks in the early nineteenth century, which initiated the first civil rights movement.

A)Missionary Baptist Church
B)Missionary Methodist Church
C)African Methodist Episcopal Church
D)Church of the African Disciples
E)African Disciples of America

Question 40

How does the textbook describe literature in the United States during the first half of the nineteenth century?

A)"An incipient pandering to European tastes"
B)"A movement dominated by fiction, with little influential poetry"
C)"A medium unaffected by transcendentalism"
D)"The first great age of American literature"
E)"An attempt at relevancy that doesn't quite attain"

Question 41

Although most nineteenth-century utopian communities were centered around some form of religious belief, __________ was a widely celebrated secular utopian experiment.

A)Woodstock
B)Camp Freedom
C)Walden Pond
D)Brook Farm
E)Shangri-La

Question 42

Which of the following was a member of the American Colonization Society?

A)Abraham Lincoln
B)Thomas Jefferson
C)Andrew Jackson
D)Henry Ford
E)Daniel Webster

Question 43

Using specific examples, discuss the objectives, practices, and success (or lack of) of the nineteenth-century utopian communities.

Question 44

Horace Mann, a Massachusetts state legislator, led an early drive for

A)women's suffrage.
B)a personal income tax.
C)tax-supported public education.
D)term limits for congressmen.
E)equal rights for all citizens.

Question 45

After publishing his autobiography, __________ left for England for two years on a speaking tour.When he returned, he had enough money to purchase his freedom.

A)W.E.B.Du Bois
B)Fredrick Douglass
C)Nat Turner
D)James Fremont
E)William Cumbersome

Question 46

The leading abolitionist newspaper of the mid-nineteenth century was

A)The Eagle.
B)The Freedom.
C)The Liberator.
D)The Emancipator.
E)The Tarantula.

Question 47

The vast system of secret routes and safe houses throughout the South and into the free states was known as the

A)subway.
B)Underground Railroad.
C)Runaway Scrape.
D)Black Diaspora.
E)Exodusters.

Question 48

Describe how the women's rights movement and the anti-slavery movement converged.What differences and difficulties arose as a result?

Question 49

The goal of the American Colonization Society was to

A)free the slaves.
B)send slaves out west.
C)send slaves back to Africa.
D)educate slaves.
E)encourage slaves to rebel against their masters.

Question 50

David Walker, a free black from Boston, published a pamphlet calling for slaves to use the __________ to gain their freedom.

A)"crushing arm of power"
B)"long reach of the law"
C)"inner strength of the black race"
D)"access to education"
E)"network of underground railroads"

Question 51

Describe the southern defense of slavery before and after 1830.How did this change affect the intellectual life of the Old South?

Question 52

Which of the following is an example of a nineteenth-century utopian community?

A)Quakers
B)Shakers
C)Anabaptists
D)Unitarians
E)Mormons

Question 53

An early leader in the fight for women's suffrage was

A)Susan B.Anthony.
B)Harriet Beecher Stowe.
C)Dorothea Dix.
D)Wilma Clinton.
E)Florida Calhoun.

Question 54

What country did the American Colonization Society create to recolonize freed slaves?

A)Nigeria
B)Zimbabwe
C)Liberia
D)Somalia
E)Egypt

Question 55

Describe the various "liberal" and "conservative" religious movements of the nineteenth century.What were the origins of their general ideologies; what was similar and what was different about each?

Question 56

Sarah and Angelina Grimké, originally from South Carolina, appealed to __________ to work to put an end to slavery.

A)Christians around the world
B)southern Christian women
C)women, white and black,
D)northern factory workers
E)southern abolitionists

Question 57

How did the leaders of the free black community in America respond to colonization efforts aimed at sending them to Africa?

A)Jubilation
B)Indifference
C)Cautious optimism
D)Parties in the streets
E)Widespread denunciation

Question 58

Compare and contrast white abolitionists and black anti-slavery activity.In what ways were the attitudes and goals the same and how were they different?

Question 59

Perhaps the most famous "conductor" on the Underground Railroad was

A)Harriet Tubman.
B)Susan B.Anthony.
C)Elizabeth Cady Stanton.
D)Dorothea Dix.
E)Elias Turner.

Question 60

Which of the following was an early abolitionist leader?

A)James Madison
B)Henry David Thoreau
C)William Lloyd Garrison
D)James Van Buren
E)Daniel Webster