Deck 8: Recombinant Dna Technology

Question 1

A northern blot differs from a Southern blot in the

A) number of genetic sequences detected.
B) type of nucleic acid being isolated.
C) type of probe used.
D) size of the genetic sequences involved.
E) presence or absence of a nitrocellulose membrane.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following procedures might be used to detect the presence of genetic sequences of a virus in a sample?

A) PCR
B) Southern blotting or PCR
C) creation of a gene library
D) Southern blotting
E) genome mapping

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Some of the strongest opposition to the application of recombinant DNA technology concerns

A) DNA fingerprinting.
B) correcting gene defects in animals.
C) modification of food crops.
D) sequencing of the human genome.
E) pest control measures.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following microbes has been genetically engineered to contain a protein that helps protect crops from freezing?

A) Bacillus thuringiensis
B) Deinococcus radiodurans
C) Pseudomonas
D) Salmonella
E) Escherichia coli

Question 5

Synthetic nucleic acids are produced

A) by PCR of the desired sequence.
B) using restriction enzymes to cut a fragment out of a plasmid containing the desired sequence.
C) by a series of chemical steps carried out on the lab bench.
D) using computer- controlled machines to assemble a single strand nucleic acid.
E) using a recombinant cell which produces a transcript of the desired sequence.

Question 6

Synthesis of cDNA requires the use of

A) restriction enzymes.
B) reverse transcriptase.
C) agarose.
D) DNA ligase.
E) fluorescent synthetic nucleotides.

Question 7

The natural role of restriction enzymes in bacteria is to

A) allow transposons to move to another place in the chromosome.
B) protect the cell from invading phages.
C) make conjugation more efficient.
D) allow cells to accept foreign DNA.
E) provide the cell with new phenotypes, such as antibiotic resistance.

Question 8

If you started with a single DNA molecule, how many would you have at the end of six PCR cycles?

A) 32
B) 16
C) 100
D) 6
E) 64

Question 9

Which of the following statements regarding vectors is FALSE?

A) Cloning vectors include a "marker" to facilitate identification of cells containing them.
B) A useful vector contains multiple restriction sites for insertion of DNA.
C) Vectors are usually autonomously replicating DNA molecules.
D) Vectors are generally over 100,000 base pairs in size.
E) Cloning vectors frequently contain sequences necessary for expression of inserted sequences.

Question 10

Which of the following recombinant tools is NOT used in DNA fingerprinting?

A) reverse transcription
B) gel electrophoresis
C) PCR
D) restriction enzyme digestion
E) Neither PCR nor gel electrophoresis is used.

Question 11

Probes used for detecting genetic sequences are frequently composed of

A) synthetic nucleic acids and labeled conjugates, such as fluorescent dyes.
B) restriction enzymes.
C) nitrocellulose.
D) agarose.
E) silicon chips.

Question 12

Which of the following procedures would be used to introduce DNA into a single mouse cell?

A) Southern blotting
B) gene gun
C) electroporation
D) protoplast fusion
E) microinjection

Question 13

In the 20th century, scientists harnessed the natural metabolic reactions of bacteria to make for the first time in an industrial setting.

A) acetone
B) cheese
C) alcohol
D) soy sauce
E) wine

Question 14

A microarray is assembled using

A) gold beads and magnets.
B) restriction enzymes.
C) single- stranded DNA and silicon chips.
D) agarose and nitrocellulose.
E) reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase.

Question 15

Recent modifications of microbes have produced

A) improved beer production.
B) a cure for AIDS.
C) microbes capable of producing crude oil.
D) microbes which facilitate extraction of metals from mining ores.
E) new emerging diseases.

Question 16

In gel electrophoresis, DNA molecules move toward the electrode because they have an overall _ charge.

A) negative and positive; neutral
B) negative; positive
C) positive; negative
D) negative; negative
E) positive; positive

Question 17

In Southern blotting, DNA molecules are immobilized on

A) nitrocellulose membranes.
B) silicon chips.
C) paper.
D) gold beads.
E) agarose.

Question 18

The DNA double helix can be separated into single strands using

A) NaOH.
B) heat.
C) reverse transcriptase.
D) either heat or NaOH.
E) heat, NaOH, and reverse transcriptase.

Question 19

Which of the following restriction enzyme sites would produce blunt- ended fragments? (The arrow represents the cutting site of the enzyme.)

A) CCC$GGG
B) G$AATTC
C) C$CGG
D) A$AGCTT
E) G$GATCC

Question 20

An effective tool for screening a large number of genetic sequences at once is known as

A) restriction analysis.
B) microarray.
C) FISH.
D) gel electrophoresis.
E) cDNA synthesis.

Question 21

A library of cloned sequences representing the expressed genes of an organism is known as a

A) microarray.
B) cDNA library.
C) DNA fingerprint.
D) FISH library.
E) gene library.

Question 22

The sequencing and analysis of an organism's genetic information is called

A) gene therapy.
B) genomics.
C) northern blotting.
D) PCR.
E) protein synthesis.

Question 23

Injecting DNA into cells can be accomplished using

A) silicon chips and nucleic acids.
B) compressed air and gold beads.
C) nitrocellulose membranes.
D) micropipettes.
E) micropipettes, or compressed air and gold beads.

Question 24

are used in the detection of DNA by FISH.

A) Restriction fragments
B) Compressed air and gold beads
C) Reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase
D) DNA polymerase and DNA ligase
E) Synthetic DNAs and fluorescent tags

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a goal of recombinant DNA technology?

A) making it possible to clone humans
B) being able to remove or correct damaging traits in humans
C) combining genetic material from more than one organism to produce new useful organisms
D) creating organisms capable of producing useful products
E) eliminating undesirable traits from livestock or crops

Question 26

The procedure used to identify individuals by their unique genetic sequences is known as

A) northern analysis.
B) xenotransplantation.
C) DNA sequencing.
D) DNA fingerprinting.
E) microarray analysis.

Question 27

Mutagens are useful in biotechnology research for

A) producing DNA fragments for cloning.
B) removing undesirable traits from microbes.
C) producing new organisms which have beneficial traits from two or more organisms.
D) producing organisms with altered phenotypes.
E) selecting genetic mutants resistant to radioactivity.

Question 28

Which of the following is generally NOT considered an ethical issue regarding recombinant DNA technology?

A) the modification of crop plants
B) answering basic research questions
C) unforeseen impact on the environment
D) the modification of animals to produce pharmaceuticals for humans
E) screening of humans for genes that predispose them to disease

Question 29

DNA fingerprinting can be used

A) to detect unculturable organisms.
B) in forensic investigations.
C) to generate cDNA clones.
D) for forensics and detection of unculturable organisms.
E) to generate cDNA clones and libraries.

Question 30

Which of the following is essential in PCR?

A) antisense RNAs
B) DNA primers
C) DNA polymerase
D) both DNA primers and DNA polymerase
E) reverse transcriptase

Question 31

Which of the following would be an appropriate sequence of temperatures for PCR?

A) 94°C, 37°C, 55°C
B) 94°C, 55°C, 37°C
C) 94°C, 65°C, 72°C
D) 72°C, 65°C, 94°C
E) 65°C, 72°C, 94°C

Question 32

Subunit vaccines are safer than traditional vaccines because they

A) are acellular and do not pose a risk for causing the disease.
B) do not pose a risk for causing the disease.
C) are acellular.
D) are acellular and can be administered in food.
E) are administered in food.

Question 33

Recombinant DNA technology can be most accurately defined as the

A) study of replication and recombination in microbes.
B) deliberate modification of the genome of an organism for practical purposes.
C) selective breeding of organisms to create new combinations of traits.
D) study of genetic expression in microbes.
E) use of microorganisms to produce useful products.

Question 34

Which of the following items is NOT a part of the name of a restriction enzyme?

A) the strain of the source bacterium
B) the specific epithet of the source bacterium
C) the genus of the source bacterium
D) Roman numerals to indicate its order of discovery
E) the Gram reaction of the source bacterium

Question 35

Which of the following microbes produces a protein that kills a variety of insect pests?

A) Pseudomonas
B) Plasmodium falciparum
C) Haemophilus influenzae
D) Bacillus thuringiensis
E) Thermus aquaticus

Question 36

Synthetic nucleic acids are useful as

A) DNA probes, primers, and antisense RNAs.
B) DNA probes.
C) DNA probes and antisense RNAs.
D) antisense RNAs.
E) primers for PCR.

Question 37

Which method of inserting DNA into cells is illustrated in this figure?

A) electroporation
B) protoplast fusion
C) transduction
D) injection
E) a gene gun

Question 38

If all the following DNA fragments were analyzed on an electrophoresis gel, which one would migrate farthest from the negative electrode?

A) 1000 base pairs
B) 5000 base pairs
C) 2500 base pairs
D) 750 base pairs
E) 250 base pairs

Question 39

are used for cutting DNA molecules into fragments.

A) Antisense RNAs
B) RNA polymerases
C) Mutagens
D) DNA polymerase and DNA ligase
E) Restriction enzymes

Question 40

Which of the following devices is used for PCR?

A) a gene gun
B) a nucleic acid synthesis machine
C) a DNA sequencer
D) an electrophoresis chamber
E) a thermocycler

Question 41

If a researcher used Escherichia coli DNA polymerase instead of Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase in the PCR procedure, what would be the result?

A) DNA replication would stop after one cycle.
B) DNA replication would occur more slowly than normal.
C) DNA replication would occur twice as fast as normal.
D) DNA replication would not occur at all.
E) Many mistakes would occur.

Question 42

Restriction (enzymes/proteases), first isolated from bacterial cells, cut DNA molecules at specific sites.

Question 43

The use of microbes to make practical products such as vaccines or hormones is called (genomics/recombination/biotechnology).

Question 44

Vectors usually contain genetic (markers/sequences) such as antibiotic genes or fluorescent tags.

Question 45

The northern blot is a technique used to detect specific RNA molecules in a larger population of molecules that have been separated by gel (electroporation/electrophoresis).

Question 46

A technique using fluorescent- tagged probes to detect specific DNA sequences in their natural locations is known as (FISH/PCR/BLOTTING).

Question 47

Two men may be the father of a child. This figure shows the results of a DNA fingerprint analysis to determine paternity. M is the mother, C is the child, A and B are the two men. What is the best interpretation of these results?

A) Neither man is this child's father.
B) The man identified as A is probably the father.
C) Either man could be this child's father.
D) The man identified as B is probably the father.
E) Paternity cannot be determined from this data.

Question 48

Nucleic acid molecules used to deliver new genes to cells are called (plasmids/vectors/clones).

Question 49

The insertion of foreign DNA directly into a cell's nucleus using a glass micropipet is called (microporation/electroporation/microinjection).

Question 50

Study of the genome of Deinococcus radiodurans may provide insight into preventing or correcting genetic damage resulting from (radiation/mutation).

Question 51

A DNA (library/microarray) may be used to study the complex, changing patterns of mRNA production in an organism.

Question 52

DNA encoding a normal gene is inserted into cells from a patient with a defective form of the gene. Recombinant cells are identified and isolated, and returned to the patient's body. This is an example of

A) gene therapy.
B) genetic fingerprinting.
C) genotyping.
D) genomics.
E) biotechnology.

Question 53

Beta- carotene, the biochemical precursor to vitamin A, can be added to rice by using (biotechnology/cloning/recombinant) DNA technology, thereby increasing its nutritional value.

Question 54

The process of locating genes within the nucleic acid of an organism is called (genetic/library/clone) mapping.

Question 55

Genetic (screening/sequencing/cloning) can be used to detect mutant genes associated with genetic diseases in individuals before any clinical symptoms are noted.

Question 56

Small RNAs that bind to an mRNA and alter its expression are known as (antisense/probes/restriction) RNAs.

Question 57

A researcher inserted DNA fragments from an organism into plasmids and introduced the modified plasmids into bacterial cells. Which of the following methods would be the most efficient means of identifying which clones contain a specific gene of interest?

A) use a microarray to detect a transcript of the gene
B) use a labeled synthetic probe complementary to the gene sequence
C) use electrophoresis to identify plasmids containing an insert of the expected size
D) sequence the DNA of the plasmids from each isolate
E) assay for activity of the gene product

Question 58

Short nucleic acid molecules used to locate complementary sequences in a larger population of molecules are called (probes/primers/vectors).

Question 59

A set of clones representing the entire genome of an organism is known as a gene (recombinant/map/library).

Question 60

Transgenic organisms

A) contain genetically engineered microbes.
B) contain cells from other organisms.
C) are the same as clones.
D) have genomes that have been sequenced completely.
E) contain genes from other organisms.

Question 61

Restriction enzymes are useful only on synthetic DNAs.

Question 62

Explain what a transgenic organism is, and give two examples.

Question 63

Discuss one of the pros and cons regarding the application of recombinant DNA technology.

Question 64

Gene therapy for human genetic diseases has not been successful yet.

Question 65

Outline a procedure for producing a useful new recombinant product.

Question 66

Under ideal conditions, the number of DNA molecules produced during PCR increases exponentially.

Question 67

Reverse transcriptase synthesizes a DNA molecule from an RNA template.

Question 68

Sticky- end fragments generated by EcoRI will hydrogen bond to any other sticky- end sequence.

Question 69

Discuss some of the impacts that tools and techniques of recombinant DNA technology have had on medicine.

Question 70

A subunit vaccine is prepared by extensive manipulation of the genome of the pathogen.

Question 71

A collection of bacterial clones each of which contains a portion of the gene sequences of an organism is known as a microarray of that organism's genome.

Question 72

DNA fingerprinting produces a unique banding pattern of DNA fragments for comparison with other DNA samples.

Question 73

Compare and contrast the two major categories of restriction enzymes.

Question 74

The goals of recombinant DNA technology include production of new organisms with useful combinations of traits.

Question 75

Southern blotting is a technique that can be used to identify microbes that cannot be cultured.