Deck 3: Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

Cytoplasmic membranes of are composed of phospholipids.

A) archaea
B) prokaryotes
C) bacteria
D) eukaryotes
E) bacteria and eukaryotes

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which of the following statements about the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is CORRECT?

A) The smooth ER is a site of ATP synthesis.
B) The smooth ER has ribosomes associated with it.
C) The ER is a transport system within the cytoplasm.
D) The rough ER is the site of lipid synthesis.
E) The ER is a lipid storage organelle.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Some use group translocation as a means of transport.

A) archaea
B) protozoa
C) eukaryotes
D) bacteria
E) eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What is the function of the cellular structure indicated by "p" in Figure 3- 3?

A) cell movement
B) packaging of materials for export
C) ATP synthesis
D) protein synthesis
E) synthesis of lipids

Question 5

Which of the following processes requires a carrier protein?

A) active transport only
B) both facilitated diffusion and active transport
C) facilitated diffusion only
D) endocytosis only
E) diffusion only

Question 6

Endospores survive a variety of harsh conditions in part because of the presence of

A) hopanoids.
B) mycolic acid.
C) dipicolinic acid.
D) lipopolysaccharide.
E) glycoproteins.

Question 7

Cell walls composed of polysaccharide are found in

A) bacteria only.
B) archaea only.
C) eukaryotes only.
D) archaea and eukaryotes only.
E) archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes.

Question 8

Chloroplasts differ from mitochondria in that the former have

A) thylakoids.
B) cristae.
C) 70S ribosomes.
D) DNA.
E) two lipid bilayers.

Question 9

ATP is expended in which of the following processes?

A) diffusion
B) facilitated diffusion
C) group translocation
D) active transport
E) both active transport and group translocation

Question 10

Which of the following statements concerning osmosis is FALSE?

A) Cells placed in hypotonic solutions will gain water.
B) During osmosis, water crosses to the side of the membrane with a lower solute concentration.
C) Osmosis requires a selectively permeable membrane.
D) Osmosis stops when the system reaches equilibrium.
E) Crenation results when cells are placed in a hypertonic solution.

Question 11

Which of the following molecules would be expected to cross the cytoplasmic membrane rapidly and without the use of transport proteins?

A) small hydrophobic molecules only
B) small hydrophilic molecules only
C) ions only
D) large molecules only
E) both ions and hydrophilic molecules

Question 12

Hopanoids are found in cytoplasmic membranes.

A) archaeal
B) prokaryotic
C) no
D) bacterial
E) eukaryotic

Question 13

The accumulation of glucose 6- phosphate inside a bacterial cell via phosphorylation of glucose is an example of

A) diffusion.
B) plasmolysis.
C) group translocation.
D) osmosis.
E) facilitated diffusion.

Question 14

Which of the following may be a component of bacterial cell walls?

A) mycolic acid
B) tubulin
C) carrageenan
D) lipoteichoic acids
E) both lipoteichoic and mycolic acids

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton?

A) packages cellular secretions
B) aids in contraction of the cell
C) gives shape to the cell
D) anchors organelles
E) performs endocytosis

Question 16

The cytoplasmic membranes of contain phospholipids and proteins.

A) archaeal cells
B) eukaryotic cells
C) bacterial cells
D) both bacterial and eukaryotic cells
E) archaeal, bacterial, and eukaryotic cells

Question 17

Which of the following is associated with the mitochondria of a eukaryotic cell?

A) nucleolus
B) chromatin
C) cristae
D) inclusions
E) thylakoids

Question 18

Which of the following statements concerning prokaryotic flagella is TRUE?

A) Treponema is an example of a bacterium that has a tuft of polar flagella.
B) Prokaryotic flagella are composed of tubulin.
C) Prokaryotic flagella move in a whip- like manner.
D) Prokaryotic flagella are anchored to the cell wall by means of the basal body.
E) A "run" results from clockwise movement of the flagellum.

Question 19

Which of the following statements concerning pili is FALSE?

A) Pili facilitate the transfer of DNA among bacterial cells.
B) A bacterial cell will usually have only one or two pili.
C) Pili are longer than fimbriae and flagella.
D) Not all bacteria have pili.
E) Pili are long, hollow tubules.

Question 20

Which of the following chemical substances contributes to the unique characteristics of acid- fast bacteria?

A) peptidoglycan
B) mycolic acid
C) lipoteichoic acid
D) endotoxin
E) N- acetylglucosamine

Question 21

Bacterial cell walls that are resistant to drying contain

A) lipopolysaccharide.
B) carbohydrates.
C) amino acids.
D) tubulin.
E) waxes.

Question 22

The cell walls of some are composed of proteins.

A) archaea
B) prokaryotes
C) bacteria
D) eukaryotes
E) bacteria and eukaryotes

Question 23

Which of the following bacterial cell structures plays an important role in the creation of biofilms?

A) pili
B) glycocalyces
C) fimbriae
D) flagella
E) both fimbriae and glycocalyces

Question 24

Which of the following statements concerning the characteristics of life is FALSE?

A) Reproduction is defined as an increase in the size of an organism.
B) Organisms may not exhibit all of the characteristics of life at all times.
C) Viruses have some, but not all, of the characteristics of living things.
D) Living things store metabolic energy in the form of chemicals such as ATP.
E) Reproduction can occur asexually or sexually in living things.

Question 25

Short, hairlike structures used only by eukaryotic cells for movement are called

A) fimbriae.
B) pili.
C) cilia.
D) flagella.
E) pseudopodia.

Question 26

A bacterial cell moving toward light would be an example of

A) positive phototaxis.
B) positive chemotaxis.
C) negative phototaxis.
D) negative chemotaxis.
E) tumbles.

Question 27

A lipid found in prokaryotes but NOT in eukaryotes is

A) triglyceride.
B) hopanoid.
C) fatty acid.
D) phospholipid.
E) steroid.

Question 28

Protein synthesis occurs in the

A) ribosome.
B) nucleus.
C) periplasmic space.
D) cytoskeleton.
E) inclusion.

Question 29

Which of the following organelles is responsible for producing most of the ATP in a eukaryotic cell?

A) Golgi body
B) mitochondrion
C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D) lysosome
E) nucleus

Question 30

The glycocalyx of a eukaryotic cell performs all of the following functions EXCEPT

A) strengthening the cell surface.
B) anchoring cells to each other.
C) cellular recognition and communication.
D) protection against dehydration.
E) transfer of genetic material between cells.

Question 31

Bacteria of the genus Mycoplasma lack cell walls. What sort of environment do they require for survival?

A) a biofilm
B) hypertonic
C) isotonic
D) low temperature
E) hypotonic

Question 32

Lipid- soluble molecules would be expected to cross the cytoplasmic membrane by which of the following processes?

A) active transport
B) osmosis
C) group translocation
D) diffusion
E) facilitated diffusion

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT a component of bacterial flagella?

A) hook
B) filament
C) tubulin
D) basal body
E) flagellin

Question 34

Which of the following statements concerning centrioles is FALSE?

A) Centrioles are believed to play a role in cellular processes such as mitosis and cytokinesis.
B) Centrioles are found in all organisms except prokaryotes.
C) Centrioles are found in a region of the cell called the centrosome.
D) The structure of centrioles is similar to that of eukaryotic flagella and cilia.
E) Centrioles are composed of microtubules.

Question 35

may have pili.

A) Prokaryotes
B) Eukaryotes
C) Archaea
D) Bacteria
E) Both eukaryotes and bacteria

Question 36

Which of the following is unique to archaea?

A) LPS
B) fimbriae
C) peptidoglycan
D) hami
E) pili

Question 37

Which of the following statements concerning endocytosis and exocytosis is TRUE?

A) Phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis in which liquids are brought into the cell.
B) Waste products and secretions are exported from the cell during endocytosis.
C) These processes occur in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
D) Endocytosis is a form of passive transport, whereas exocytosis is a form of active transport.
E) Endocytosis produces a structure called a food vesicle.

Question 38

Endocytosis and exocytosis are means of transport used by

A) eukaryotes.
B) archaea.
C) bacteria.
D) all prokaryotes.
E) nothing; no cells use both processes.

Question 39

Lipid A is a component of

A) cytoplasmic membranes.
B) plant cell walls.
C) mycolic acid.
D) bacterial glycocalyces.
E) lipopolysaccharides.

Question 40

Which of the following is classified as a nonmembranous organelle of eukaryotic cells?

A) mitochondrion
B) peroxisome
C) Golgi body
D) endoplasmic reticulum
E) centriole

Question 41

What is the function of the cellular structure indicated by "c" in Figure 3.2?

A) protect from dehydration only
B) provide shape only
C) attach to surfaces only
D) attach to surfaces and protect from dehydration
E) provide shape, attach to surfaces, and protect from dehydration

Question 42

The semiliquid matrix of the nucleus is called the (cytoplasm/nucleoid/nucleoplasm).

Question 43

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the site of (protein/lipid/carbohydrate) synthesis.

Question 44

Which of the following may have cell walls containing teichoic acids?

A) archaea
B) Gram- negative bacteria only
C) Gram- positive bacteria only
D) both Gram- positive and Gram- negative bacteria
E) all prokaryotes

Question 45

Which of the following statements concerning the endosymbiotic theory is FALSE?

A) Eukaryotes were formed from the union of small anaerobic cells by larger aerobic cells.
B) The cristae of mitochondria evolved from the cytoplasmic membrane of prokaryotes.
C) Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and ribosomes.
D) Mitochondria and chloroplasts can divide independently of the cell.
E) The endosymbiotic theory is not universally accepted.

Question 46

Eukaryotic flagella are anchored by the basal body in the (cytoplasm/wall/membrane).

Question 47

A higher concentration of solutes corresponds to a (higher/lower) concentration of water in a given solution.

Question 48

Membrane rafts are found in the cytoplasmic membranes of

A) eukaryotes only.
B) bacteria only.
C) archaea only.
D) both archaea and bacteria.
E) both archaea and eukaryotes.

Question 49

Goli bodies are examples of a (membranous/non- membranous/cellular) organelle.

Question 50

Lipid (LPS/NAM/A/NAG) is a part of the Gram- negative cell outer membrane that can produce fever, inflammation, and shock when it is released into the bloodstream.

Question 51

A (capsule/slime layer/matrix) is a type of glycocalyx that is firmly attached to the cell.

Question 52

A structural molecule found in eukaryotic cytoskeletons, flagella, cilia, and centrioles is (flagellin/tubulin/fibrin).

Question 53

Using a microscope, you observe an amoeba moving toward a food source. This is an example of

A) metabolism.
B) responsiveness.
C) reproduction.
D) growth.
E) cellular structure.

Question 54

Eukaryotic cells use a process known as (pinocytosis/phagocytosis) to obtain liquids from their environment.

Question 55

In a(n) (hypertonic/isotonic/hypotonic) solution, an animal cell can gain so much water that it may burst.

Question 56

Which of the following prokaryotic cells contain an outer membrane?

A) Gram- negative bacteria only
B) Gram- positive bacteria only
C) both Gram- positive and Gram- negative bacteria
D) archaea
E) all prokaryotes

Question 57

Some members of have hami.

A) bacteria
B) eukaryotes
C) archaea
D) archaea and bacteria
E) bacteria and eukaryotes

Question 58

Which of the following is paired INCORRECTLY?

A) plants; cellulose cell wall
B) archaea; polysaccharide cell wall
C) algae; glycocalyx present
D) fungi; chitin, glucomannan and/or cellulose cell wall
E) bacteria; peptidoglycan cell wall

Question 59

Which of the following have a periplasmic space?

A) Gram- negative bacteria only
B) Gram- positive bacteria only
C) both Gram- positive and Gram- negative bacteria
D) archaea
E) eukaryotes

Question 60

The cells illustrated in Figure 3- 1 are in a(n) environment.

A) isotonic
B) fluid mosaic
C) hypotonic
D) hypertonic
E) passive

Question 61

Compare and contrast archaea and bacteria, with particular attention to the features that lead to their placement in separate taxa.

Question 62

Chloroplasts use light energy to produce ATP and carbohydrates.

Question 63

Lysosomes result from the endocytosis of food particles by eukaryotic cells.

Question 64

Compare and contrast the characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Question 65

The process illustrated in Figure 3- 6 occurs in (eukaryotic/bacterial/archaeal) cells.

Question 66

A(n) (symport/antiport/uniport) is a carrier protein that transports two substances in the same direction across a membrane.

Question 67

Fibrous structures some archaea use for attachment to surfaces are (hami/fimbriae/fimbriae).

Question 68

Both mitochondria and chloroplasts have inner membranes with much greater surface area than their outer membranes. Discuss the contribution of the extensive inner membranes to the roles of these organelles.

Question 69

Describe how the structure of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane relates to its function of selective permeability.

Question 70

The reserve deposits of starch or other compounds found in many prokaryotic cells are called (vacuoles/inclusions/nucleoid).

Question 71

The processes illustrated in Figure 3- 4 do not require energy input.

Question 72

All cell membranes contain phospholipids and a wide variety of proteins.

Question 73

Most antibacterial drugs disrupt or destroy bacterial cellular characteristics that are different from those of eukaryotic cells or that may not even be present in eukaryotic cells, an idea termed 'selective toxicity'. List and describe at least three cellular features of bacteria that could be targeted to inhibit or kill a bacterial pathogen.

Question 74

Chromatin is composed of DNA and special packaging proteins called hopanoids.

Question 75

Bacterial protein synthesis can begin before the reading of the gene is complete.

Question 76

The presence of a cell (wall/membrane) enables bacterial and plant cells to resist the effects of hypotonic solutions.

Question 77

The short structures on the surface of the cell in Figure 3.5 are cilia.

Question 78

Peroxisomes contain enzymes used to digest nutrients that have been brought into the cell through phagocytosis.

Question 79

Formation of a biofilm may contribute to bacteria's ability to cause disease.

Question 80

Eukaryotic ribosomes are composed of 50S and 30S subunits.