Deck 4: Carbohydrates: Sugar, Starches, and Fiber

Question 1

Which of the following carbohydrates is also known as table sugar?

A) fructose
B) sucrose
C) lactose
D) maltose

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following statements about enriched wheat bread is false?

A) It is made from the endosperm of the wheat kernel.
B) It is missing phytochemicals that are found in whole wheat bread.
C) It is missing the fiber that is found in whole wheat bread.
D) It is missing the thiamin, niacin, and folate that are found in whole wheat bread.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Viscous soluble fiber helps to lower blood cholesterol levels by interfering with the reabsorption of in the intestines.

A) bile acids
B) sugar
C) protein
D) uric acid

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following statements about ketosis is incorrect?

A) It occurs when glycogen is broken down into glucose for energy.
B) Ketone bodies are the by- products of the incomplete breakdown of fat.
C) It causes your blood to become slightly acidic.
D) It often occurs in people who consume a low- carbohydrate diet.

Question 5

The refers to the measured upward rise, peak, and eventual fall of blood glucose following the consumption of a carbohydrate- intense food.

A) glycemic index
B) diabetic index
C) anemia- prevention index
D) glucose capacity

Question 6

Insulin and glucagon are hormones released by the

A) stomach.
B) brain.
C) pancreas.
D) liver.

Question 7

When too much sugar is consumed in the diet, glucose in the blood exceeds the body's need for energy, and glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles, and as in fat tissue.

A) glycerol
B) glucagon
C) ketone bodies
D) triglycerides

Question 8

What is the source of glucose to supply the energy needs in a person who has not eaten for seven hours?

A) the brain
B) stored fat
C) muscle protein
D) liver glycogen

Question 9

According to the latest DRIs, what is the recommended minimum amount of carbohydrates that should be consumed daily?

A) 50 grams
B) 250 grams
C) 130 grams
D) 25 grams

Question 10

The by- products of incomplete fat breakdown are known as

A) glucose monomers.
B) keratin fibers.
C) ketone bodies.
D) collagen fibers.

Question 11

The current DRIs recommend that you consume grams of fiber for every 1,000 calories you eat.

A) 14
B) 5
C) 35
D) 28

Question 12

The process of photosynthesis produces which of the following molecules?

A) glucose
B) glycogen
C) fructose
D) triglycerides

Question 13

Which of the following statements regarding diabetes in children is true?

A) Type 1 is not the only type of diabetes seen in children.
B) Obesity is not a risk factor for diabetes in children.
C) Children with diabetes have fewer medical complications from the disease because they are able to adapt to the changes in glucose metabolism.
D) The last few decades have shown a steady decrease of diabetes among those under the age of 20.

Question 14

cells and red blood cells rely on glucose for energy.

A) Cone
B) Skin
C) Brain
D) Basal

Question 15

The function of glycogen is to

A) store glucose in humans and animals.
B) create membrane structures in plants.
C) store energy in plants.
D) lower blood glucose levels when they rise after a meal.

Question 16

All sugar substitutes must be approved by the before they are allowed in food products sold in the United States.

A) AMA
B) FDA
C) ADA
D) MBA

Question 17

Which of the following statements does not present a health benefit attributed to eating insoluble fiber?

A) It lowers the risk of developing diverticulosis.
B) It lowers the risk of developing kidney disease.
C) It lowers the risk of developing obesity.
D) It lowers the risk of developing constipation.

Question 18

The sugar substitute aspartame is composed of two acids.

A) amino
B) fatty
C) lactic
D) deoxyribonucleic

Question 19

Which of the following hormones does not increase blood glucose levels?

A) insulin
B) adrenaline
C) epinephrine
D) glucagon

Question 20

Which of the following statements regarding the amount of carbohydrate you should consume daily is incorrect?

A) The minimum amount of carbohydrate needed for the brain to function efficiently is 130 grams per day.
B) The AMDR for carbohydrates is 20 to 35 percent of your total daily calories.
C) In the United States, adult males and females consume more than the minimum DRI for carbohydrates.
D) Eating the recommended daily servings for each food group in MyPyramid will ensure that you meet your minimum amount of carbohydrate.

Question 21

Symptoms of _ include light- headedness, dizziness, shakiness, and hunger.

A) prediabetes
B) hypoglycemia
C) ketosis
D) hyperglycemia

Question 22

Which of the following statements concerning sugar is correct?

A) Eating sugar causes hyperactivity in children.
B) Eating sugar can contribute to dental caries.
C) Eating sugar makes one gain weight.
D) Eating sugar is a direct cause of diabetes.

Question 23

The enzyme begins the digestion of starch in the mouth.

A) maltase
B) amylase
C) sucrase
D) lactase

Question 24

If poorly managed, diabetes can increase the likelihood of all of the following outcomes except

A) breast cancer.
B) eye diseases.
C) amputations of limbs.
D) kidney disease.

Question 25

should not be given to infants younger than one year of age because of the risk of botulism.

A) High- fructose corn syrup
B) Molasses
C) Brown sugar
D) Honey

Question 26

Which of the following is not the name of a sugar?

A) dextrose
B) lignin
C) high- fructose corn syrup
D) malt syrup

Question 27

After the release of insulin, which of the following events will not occur?

A) Excess glucose will be stored in your liver as glycogen.
B) Excess glucose will be stored in your liver as starch.
C) Excess glucose will be stored in your muscles as glycogen.
D) Excess glucose will be stored in your fat cells as fat.

Question 28

Which of the following structures is the starchy part of a grain kernel?

A) husk
B) germ
C) endosperm
D) bran

Question 29

The disaccharide lactose is composed of glucose and

A) galactose.
B) sucrose.
C) maltose.
D) fructose.

Question 30

Approximately how long does it take for liver glycogen stores to be depleted?

A) 12 hours
B) 18 hours
C) 8 hours
D) 4 hours

Question 31

Which of the following statements about type 1 diabetes is incorrect?

A) The immune system destroys the insulin- producing cells in the pancreas.
B) Insulin is produced, but cells are not using it properly.
C) Daily insulin injections are required.
D) It usually begins in childhood.

Question 32

Plants make glucose through a process called

A) photosynthesis.
B) mitosis.
C) acceleration.
D) respiration.

Question 33

Which of the following carbohydrates is also known as milk sugar?

A) maltose
B) lactose
C) glucose
D) sucrose

Question 34

Which of the following carbohydrates is a chain of glucose units found in plants only?

A) fiber
B) maltose
C) starch
D) glycogen

Question 35

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the

A) large intestine.
B) small intestine.
C) stomach.
D) mouth.

Question 36

The converts galactose and fructose to glucose.

A) stomach
B) liver
C) gall bladder
D) pancreas

Question 37

Which of the following conditions in a person with diabetes does not result from nerve damage?

A) a decreased ability to feel changes in temperature or pain in the legs and feet
B) changes in sexual function
C) cloudy vision and eventual blindness
D) numbness in the toes, feet, legs, and hands

Question 38

Which of the following sugar substitutes was removed by the National Toxicology Program from the list of substances that could potentially cause cancer?

A) sucralose
B) mannitol
C) aspartame
D) saccharin

Question 39

Which of the following carbohydrates is made from two glucose units joined together?

A) lactose
B) sucrose
C) maltose
D) galactose

Question 40

Which of the following foods is most likely to promote dental caries?

A) carrots
B) chewing gum with xylitol
C) raisins
D) cheese

Question 41

The Nutrition Facts panel currently used on food labels distinguishes between naturally occurring and added sugars.

Question 42

The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial showed that an intense regimen that controlled blood glucose had no effect on the development of complications from type 1 diabetes.

Question 43

Which of the following statements about lactose intolerance is incorrect?

A) All dairy foods must be completely eliminated from the diet.
B) Clinical signs include diarrhea.
C) Lactase pills can help prevent symptoms.
D) Cheese is better tolerated than milk.

Question 44

The creation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources (primarily proteins) is called

A) glucogenesis.
B) glycogneogenesis.
C) gluconeogenesis.
D) glycogenolysis.

Question 45

When does glycogenesis occur?

A) when a person's blood glucose level dips too low
B) when a person is fasting and glucose is generated from noncarbohydrate sources
C) when there is excess glucose in the blood
D) during an emergency, when glycogen is broken down to release glucose

Question 46

Type 1 diabetes requires daily insulin injections or an insulin pump.

Question 47

Which part of the grain kernel contains vitamin E and heart- healthy fats?

A) bran
B) germ
C) husk
D) endosperm

Question 48

People with a deficiency of the enzyme lactase cannot properly digest

A) starch.
B) fiber.
C) milk sugar.
D) table sugar.

Question 49

The artificial sweetener Splenda contains , which is a modified sucrose molecule.

A) saccharin
B) aspartame
C) sorbitol
D) sucralose

Question 50

To which of the following organs do monosaccharides go after absorption?

A) gallbladder
B) small intestine
C) liver
D) pancreas

Question 51

Which of the following items is not a number- one source of added sugars in the American diet?

A) sports drinks
B) breakfast cereals
C) sodas
D) energy drinks

Question 52

The reason people who follow a low- carbohydrate diet are often in ketosis is that

A) they are unable to break down fat completely.
B) they eat inadequate amounts of fat.
C) their diet lacks sufficient fiber.
D) they eat too much protein.

Question 53

Insulin can direct the conversion of excess glucose into fat.

Question 54

Which of the following statements about aspartame is incorrect?

A) People with PKU should monitor its intake.
B) The FDA has concluded that it is safe to consume it.
C) It is composed of two amino acids.
D) Its trade name is Sweet 'N Low.

Question 55

It is safe to give honey to children of any age.

Question 56

Which of the following substances is not a polysaccharide?

A) galactose
B) glycogen
C) fiber
D) starch

Question 57

Being overweight puts a person at higher risk for developing type 2 diabetes, the most common type of diabetes.

Question 58

Epinephrine can stimulate to quickly flood the blood with glucose.

A) gluconeogenesis
B) glycogenolysis
C) ketosis
D) ketoacidosis

Question 59

Both fat and _ are important sources of stored energy.

A) fiber
B) glucagon
C) glycogen
D) hydrogen

Question 60

Which of the following carbohydrates is the storage form of glucose in animals?

A) glycogen
B) glucose
C) fiber
D) starch

Question 61

Simple carbohydrates include monosaccharides and disaccharides.

Question 62

Refined grains are more nutrient- dense than whole grains.

Question 63

Being overweight increases the risk of type 1 diabetes.

Question 64

Type 1 diabetes is caused by insulin resistance.

Question 65

About 80 million people have prediabetes.

Question 66

The glycogen stored in meat and poultry is a significant source of calories in our diet.

Question 67

When choosing to eat fruit, fresh or frozen fruit is superior to canned fruit.

Question 68

When fasting continues long beyond glycogen depletion, body protein will be broken down to make glucose.

Question 69

Diabetics can help avoid hypoglycemia by eating smaller, well- balanced meals throughout the day.

Question 70

Children can have type 1 diabetes but cannot have type 2 diabetes.

Question 71

Insulin is not made in type 2 diabetes.

Question 72

Individuals who follow a strict low- carbohydrate diet are often in ketosis.

Question 73

The DRIs recommend 18 grams of fiber for every 1,000 calories consumed.

Question 74

When blood glucose levels rise, insulin is released by the kidneys to lower the level.

Question 75

Eating cheese has been shown to protect teeth from acid.

Question 76

Briefly discuss the complications that arise from poorly managed diabetes.

Question 77

Type 2 diabetes accounts for 90 to 95 percent of cases of the disease.

Question 78

Pectin is an insoluble fiber that moves quickly through the intestinal tract and has a laxative effect.

Question 79

All the nutrients and phytochemicals lost in the processing of wheat flour are added back in the enrichment process.

Question 80

The main role of carbohydrates is to supply building material for muscles.