Deck 14: Life Cycle Nutrition: Pregnancy Through Infancy

Question 1

Pregnant women should avoid all of the following foods except

A) raw sprouts.
B) unpasteurized soft cheeses.
C) high- fiber foods.
D) sushi and sashimi.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Eclampsia in a pregnant woman can

A) be a result of drinking alcohol during pregnancy.
B) be easily treated with vitamin supplements.
C) lead to the death of the woman.
D) indicate that morning sickness is over.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following foods should not be given to infants because of the possibility of botulism?

A) skim milk
B) tuna
C) strawberries
D) honey

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that most women breast- feed exclusively for the first _ of infancy.

A) 3 months
B) 6 weeks
C) 1 year
D) 6 months

Question 5

Pregnant women who are vegans are at risk for a deficiency of which of the following nutrients?

A) vitamin B12
B) zinc
C) iron
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 6

Prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke can increase the risk of

A) increased infant growth.
B) sudden infant death syndrome.
C) overdue birth.
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 7

In addition to iron, which of the following minerals should a pregnant woman also take to prevent a deficiency?

A) vitamins A and K
B) sodium and potassium
C) zinc and copper
D) chloride and vitamin C

Question 8

Which of the following activities is not safe for a pregnant woman?

A) walking
B) low- impact aerobics
C) swimming
D) gymnastics

Question 9

Which of the following statements about folic acid is false?

A) Folic acid can prevent neural tube defects.
B) Folic acid plays a role in producing new cells.
C) Folic acid helps prevent morning sickness.
D) Women who wish to conceive should consume 400 micrograms of folic acid from dietary supplements, fortified foods, or both.

Question 10

Which of the following substances triggers milk production in the breast?

A) colostrum
B) oxytocin
C) prolactin
D) lactoferrin

Question 11

Fertilization occurs in which of the following structures?

A) fallopian tube
B) vagina
C) uterus
D) ovary

Question 12

Which of the following foods is not one of the most common sources of food allergens for adults?

A) tree nuts
B) shellfish
C) wheat
D) bananas

Question 13

Which of the following types of fish should not be eaten by a pregnant or nursing woman?

A) catfish
B) salmon
C) swordfish
D) shrimp

Question 14

How much alcohol is considered safe for a pregnant woman to consume per day?

A) none
B) 6 oz
C) 8 oz
D) 4 oz

Question 15

Which of the following vitamins can be toxic when taken in excess and can increase the risk of birth defects during the first trimester?

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin C
C) vitamin B6
D) vitamin D

Question 16

Which of the following conditions is not a risk factor for gestational diabetes?

A) being underweight
B) being over 25 years of age
C) being Hispanic or African American
D) having a history of higher- than- normal blood glucose levels

Question 17

Adequate intake of which of the following nutrients has been shown to reduce the risk of neural tube defects?

A) folic acid
B) vitamin C
C) vitamin D
D) mercury

Question 18

Which of the following statements about morning sickness is incorrect?

A) The nausea experienced during it almost always subsides by the afternoon.
B) About 80 percent of women experience it.
C) It may be due to fluctuating hormone levels.
D) Certain behaviors might help alleviate its effects.

Question 19

Which of the following substances causes milk to be released from the breast?

A) colostrum
B) oxytocin
C) prolactin
D) lactoferrin

Question 20

During the first two weeks following conception, a fertilized egg is called

A) a zygote.
B) a fetus.
C) the placenta.
D) an embryo.

Question 21

Which of the following substances protects infants against infection by a variety of bacteria and viruses?

A) prolactin
B) lactoferrin
C) oxytocin
D) DHA

Question 22

A cup (8 ounces) of which of the following beverages has the highest caffeine content?

A) brewed tea
B) chocolate milk
C) drip- brewed coffee
D) a soft drink

Question 23

Which of the following nutrients does not need to be added to an infant's diet?

A) iron
B) vitamin B12
C) vitamin D
D) vitamin C

Question 24

Women with pica may crave and consume

A) cornstarch.
B) baking soda.
C) clay.
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 25

Gestational diabetes increases the risk of the baby developing which of the following conditions?

A) birth defects
B) breathing problems
C) jaundice
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 26

Which of the following conditions is not a characteristic of teenage mothers?

A) increased tendency to increase caloric intake
B) increased likelihood of skipping meals
C) increased risk of developing pregnancy- induced hypertension
D) increased likelihood of nutrient deficiencies

Question 27

Reactions to a food allergy can include

A) diarrhea.
B) vomiting.
C) hives.
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 28

Which of the following substances is a fatty acid that is important for brain development?

A) EPA
B) DHA
C) ALA
D) LA

Question 29

Which of the following factors is not a contributor to constipation in pregnant women?

A) a low- fiber diet
B) plenty of fluids
C) insufficient physical activity
D) iron in prenatal supplements

Question 30

A developing baby that is older than 8 weeks post- conception is called a

A) preembryo.
B) blastocyst.
C) fetus.
D) zygote.

Question 31

Macrosomia is

A) a larger- than- normal baby (weighing more than 8 pounds, 13 ounces).
B) a neural tube defect.
C) a type of osteoporosis that occurs in pregnant women.
D) the presence of larger- than- normal hands on a newborn.

Question 32

Which of the following characteristics is not a sign that an infant is ready to eat solid foods?

A) can sit with support
B) has retained the tongue- thrust reflex
C) demonstrates sufficient skill in swallowing
D) can turn his/her head to indicate fullness

Question 33

An organ of common tissue between a mother and a growing embryo is called the

A) umbilical cord.
B) placenta.
C) uterus.
D) amniotic sac.

Question 34

Children should drink vitamin D- fortified milk with meals and snacks

A) after 1 1/2 years of age.
B) before 6 months of age.
C) after 2 years of age.
D) after 1 year of age.

Question 35

The recommended weight gain during pregnancy for a woman with a BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 is

A) 15 to 25 pounds.
B) at least 15 pounds.
C) 28 to 40 pounds.
D) 25 to 35 pounds.

Question 36

The structure at which nutrients, oxygen, and waste products are exchanged between the mother and developing fetus is the

A) amniotic sac.
B) placenta.
C) umbilical cord.
D) fetal membrane.

Question 37

During the third through eighth weeks after conception a developing baby is called a(n)

A) fetus.
B) embryo.
C) preembryo.
D) blastocyst.

Question 38

Which of the following statements describes a benefit of daily exercise during pregnancy?

A) It lessens minor aches and pains.
B) It improves the quality of sleep.
C) It helps relieve constipation.
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 39

Which of the following substances is a fluid expressed from the mother's breast before breast milk develops?

A) colostrum
B) oxytocin
C) lactoferrin
D) prolactin

Question 40

A woman with one risk factor for gestational diabetes (an average level of risk) should be tested for it

A) at any time that is convenient.
B) during the first trimester.
C) before she is pregnant.
D) between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy.

Question 41

Breast milk must be consumed directly from the mother's breast because otherwise it degrades too quickly.

Question 42

Certain types of fish contain methylmercury and should not be included in the diets of pregnant women.

Question 43

It is recommended that an obese woman lose weight during pregnancy.

Question 44

Malnutrition has been shown to be a common cause of morning sickness during pregnancy.

Question 45

One of the milestones for introducing solid food to infants is the gag reflex.

Question 46

A healthy lifestyle of parents- to- be before conception is essential to the health of the fetus.

Question 47

Gestational diabetes can result in a large baby, a condition called galactosemia.

Question 48

Eclampsia can be a major cause of death among pregnant women.

Question 49

Two micronutrients that are associated with the production of healthy sperm are folate and zinc.

Question 50

During the second trimester, pregnant women are advised to increase their daily caloric intake by about 500 calories over their pre- pregnancy daily intake.

Question 51

Wheat cereal is a great first food for children because it is unlikely to induce allergies.

Question 52

Individuals with allergies often carry a syringe injector of epinephrine to be self- administered when severe allergic reactions occur.

Question 53

Macrosomia is the rise in blood pressure in a pregnant woman.

Question 54

A pregnant woman's protein needs increase by about 35 percent during the second and third trimesters.

Question 55

An infant born with the genetic disorder called macrosomia cannot metabolize lactose and should not be breast- fed.

Question 56

Colostrum helps protect infants from infections because it is rich in antibodies.

Question 57

Children who do not reach the appropriate milestones may eventually develop a condition called failure to thrive.

Question 58

Each week healthy pregnant women should get at least 150 minutes of moderate- intensity aerobic activity, ideally spread over that seven- day period.

Question 59

Pregnant women who are teenagers and pregnant women over age 35 face identical challenges.

Question 60

A man's diet and lifestyle do not affect the likelihood of conception.

Question 61

Breast- feeding may reduce a woman's risk of hip fractures later in life.

Question 62

The release of prolactin stimulates the milk let- down response.

Question 63

While a woman is breast- feeding she cannot get pregnant again.

Question 64

The moment of contraception marks the beginning of the first trimester.

Question 65

Proteins that are incompletely broken- down by cooking or digestion and cause an adverse response by the immune system are called food allergens.

Question 66

Cells that release histamine and other chemicals during allergic reactions are called mass cells.

Question 67

A food allergy and a food intolerance are identical responses.

Question 68

Foods known to cause Listeria infections include soft cheeses made from unpasteurized milk, pate, and smoked seafood.

Question 69

In the United States, food allergies are the cause of approximately 30,000 anaphylactic reactions each year.

Question 70

During pregnancy, a woman's immune system is weakened.

Question 71

Jaundice is a yellowish coloring of the skin due to the presence of beta- carotene in the blood.

Question 72

Honey should be fed to infants to immunize them against botulism.

Question 73

If bottled water is used for mixing formula, a fluoride supplement is not necessary.

Question 74

A severe, life- threatening allergic reaction is called an anaphylactic reaction.

Question 75

The condition characterized by inconsolable crying by an infant, often for long periods of time, is called colic.

Question 76

The composition of breast milk constantly changes to suit the infant's needs.

Question 77

Food allergy and food intolerance are two terms for the same condition.

Question 78

To alleviate heartburn, pregnant women are advised to lie down and relax after eating.

Question 79

A baby weighing less than 6 1/2 pounds at birth is called a low birth weight baby.

Question 80

The terms colostrum and breast milk are merely two terms for the same substance.