Deck 10: Motivating and Rewarding Employees

Question 1

According to Herzberg, which of the following is a hygiene factor?

A)growth
B)responsibility
C)salary
D)achievement

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Application of McClelland's Three Needs Theory
It seems Bill will never determine what motivates his group of ten employees. He realizes everyone is different but that certainly complicates motivational issues. It seems like the only thing that motivates Jerri is the desire to have an impact and to be influential. She loves to be in charge. If she is not "in charge," she contributes very little to the project, whereas if she is in charge, she will work beyond the level of anyone else. Nancy always wants to succeed. She seems to have a desire to excel at all she does. Then, there is Tim. Bill gave Tim an assignment last month where he had to work by himself for the majority of the project with very little interaction from anyone else. The project also took him away from the workplace for the majority of the month. Tim's productivity level fell dramatically, and Bill wondered why.
Which of the following people would demonstrate a high level of productivity if the assigned project provided them a very competitive situation in which the project's status was quite high, although a large part of the success of the project would be due to luck?

A)Jerri
B)Tim
C)Bill
D)Nancy

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Application of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Jericho has several employees with a wide range of behaviors. He has been having a difficult time understanding where some of his employees are as far as motivation is concerned. He has just returned from a conference where Maslow's hierarchy of needs was discussed, and some of his employees seem to fall in those categories. First, there is Julie. She was just hired last week, and her preoccupation at the moment seems to be finding a place to live, grocery stores, and to locate things such as the fire and police departments. Jericho wonders if she will ever start thinking about work. Then, there is Jamie.
When Jericho asked her to work late next month, she said it was no problem as long as there was a security person to walk her across the company campus to the underground parking lot. Jericho easily arranged for the security guard. Then, there is Jason who just yesterday complained that his work was not challenging enough. He said he was not growing or using his full potential at what he was doing. Jessica also came to mind. What would he do with Jessica? She was their social butterfly, constantly flitting from one workstation to another, chatting with the employees. Not only was she not getting her work done, but also she was interrupting everyone else's work. And, finally, there was Lane who constantly needed attention and public recognition. If Lane accomplished a goal, he wanted everyone in the work area to realize he had met his goal. What a group of employees, thought Jericho.
Jason would like his work to take him to which needs level?

A)self- actualization
B)esteem
C)social
D)safety

Answer 3

A

Question 4

_____________is/are program(s)that provide employees with rewards and incentives based on exceeding a predetermined levels of performance.

A)Pay- for- performance programs
B)Wages
C)Employee stock ownership programs
D)Competency- based compensation

Question 5

Motivated employees are in a state of

A)equilibrium.
B)chaos.
C)tension.
D)serenity.

Question 6

_____________theory does the best job of explaining why some people do the least amount of work necessary to get by in their job while others seem to put an enormous level of effort into their work.

A)Equity
B)Need for achievement
C)Expectancy
D)X and Y

Question 7

Motivating potential score (MPS)combines all of the following core job dimensions except

A)task significance.
B)task identity.
C)skill variety.
D)autonomy.

Question 8

According to Herzberg, which of the following is a motivator factor?

A)salary
B)recognition
C)status
D)supervision

Question 9

Application of McClelland's Three Needs Theory
It seems Bill will never determine what motivates his group of ten employees. He realizes everyone is different but that certainly complicates motivational issues. It seems like the only thing that motivates Jerri is the desire to have an impact and to be influential. She loves to be in charge. If she is not "in charge," she contributes very little to the project, whereas if she is in charge, she will work beyond the level of anyone else. Nancy always wants to succeed. She seems to have a desire to excel at all she does. Then, there is Tim. Bill gave Tim an assignment last month where he had to work by himself for the majority of the project with very little interaction from anyone else. The project also took him away from the workplace for the majority of the month. Tim's productivity level fell dramatically, and Bill wondered why.


-Which need is highest for Jerri, according to McClelland?

A)achievement
B)success
C)affiliation
D)power

Question 10

Which of the following is not a core job dimension used in the job characteristics model?

A)skill variety
B)task identity
C)feedback
D)growth need

Question 11

Which of the following is not one of the three variables that are central to Vroom's expectancy theory?

A)effort- performance
B)effort- reward
C)performance- reward
D)attractiveness

Question 12

Application of Early Theories of Motivation
Weston has two very different first- line supervisors who report directly to him. Aaron really "cracks the whip" on his employees and firmly believes in strict controls and punishment for those employees who do not perform up to company expectations. Zach, on the other hand, has very few controls and believes that as long as people know what their objectives are, they will exercise self- control and self- direction. Aaron has been trying to use working conditions to increase the level of productivity in his department. Work conditions have not been very safe, and employees have complained frequently that they felt unsafe at work. However, when conditions were improved, employees were still not motivated. Zach had chosen to use responsibility and the opportunity for growth to increase his productivity levels, and he had been much more successful.

-Since Aaron believes that hygiene factors increase employee performance, he uses_____________ to motivate his employees.

A)more challenging work
B)more responsibility
C)higher pay
D)more recognition

Question 13

If equity theory is valid, an employee who feels he is underpaid will do all of the following except

A)produce less.
B)ask for a raise.
C)reassess the situation.
D)produce more.

Question 14

_____________employees do their work at home on a computer that is linked to their office.

A)Telecommuting
B)Part- time
C)Job- sharing
D)Flextime

Question 15

A cabinetmaker who designs a china cupboard, selects the wood, builds the cupboard, and finishes the project to the customer's satisfaction would have which job characteristic?

A)low significance
B)low feedback
C)low variety
D)high identity

Question 16

If a person who quits because she feels that she was not being treated fairly by her employer, she is most likely experiencing a sense of _____________.

A)high frustration
B)high inequity
C)low expectancy
D)low motivation

Question 17

Application of McClelland's Three Needs Theory
It seems Bill will never determine what motivates his group of ten employees. He realizes everyone is different but that certainly complicates motivational issues. It seems like the only thing that motivates Jerri is the desire to have an impact and to be influential. She loves to be in charge. If she is not "in charge," she contributes very little to the project, whereas if she is in charge, she will work beyond the level of anyone else. Nancy always wants to succeed. She seems to have a desire to excel at all she does. Then, there is Tim. Bill gave Tim an assignment last month where he had to work by himself for the majority of the project with very little interaction from anyone else. The project also took him away from the workplace for the majority of the month. Tim's productivity level fell dramatically, and Bill wondered why.
Which need is highest for Nancy, according to McClelland?

A)nPow
B)nAff
C)nAch
D)nSuc

Question 18

Calvin thinks about his job when he is playing with his son on the weekend, and he continually volunteers to do extra assignments and project for his department. These suggest that Calvin has a strong need for

A)security.
B)esteem.
C)power.
D)achievement.

Question 19

The_____________ theory of motivation is based on the premise that employees compare their inputs and outcomes to other people in a similar situation to determine if they are being fairly treated.

A)equity
B)McClelland needs
C)motivation- hygiene
D)expectancy

Question 20

According to Maslow, a person who is looking for affection, belongingness, acceptance, and friendship is at which need level?

A)esteem
B)safety
C)social
D)physiological

Question 21

An understanding of motivation is maximized when all theories are

A)looked at individually.
B)looked at interdependently.
C)looked at independently.
D)None of the theories in the chapter are relevant today.

Question 22

Achievement, recognition, and growth are examples of

A)Theory Y.
B)motivators.
C)Theory X.
D)hygiene factors.

Question 23

A framework for analyzing and designing jobs, their interrelationships, and impact on outcome variables is known as which of the following?

A)flexible manufacturing systems
B)job characteristics model
C)reengineering
D)TQM

Question 24

Which of the following statements would a Theory Y manager consider to be true?

A)Employees must be coerced, controlled, or threatened.
B)Employees view work as being as natural as rest or play.
C)Employees will shirk responsibilities whenever possible.
D)Employees dislike work.

Question 25

Application of Early Theories of Motivation
Weston has two very different first- line supervisors who report directly to him. Aaron really "cracks the whip" on his employees and firmly believes in strict controls and punishment for those employees who do not perform up to company expectations. Zach, on the other hand, has very few controls and believes that as long as people know what their objectives are, they will exercise self- control and self- direction. Aaron has been trying to use working conditions to increase the level of productivity in his department. Work conditions have not been very safe, and employees have complained frequently that they felt unsafe at work. However, when conditions were improved, employees were still not motivated. Zach had chosen to use responsibility and the opportunity for growth to increase his productivity levels, and he had been much more successful.

-Zack has the desire to develop and use his abilities and potential to the maximum, this is an example of _____________ need in Maslow's need hierarchy.

A)esteem
B)social
C)safety
D)self- actualization

Question 26

Which of the following is a correct match between theory and the individual who developed it?

A)three- needs theory: Douglas McGregor
B)hierarchy of needs theory: Frederick Herzberg
C)equity theory: J. Stacey Adams
D)motivation- hygiene theory: David McClelland

Question 27

Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that an individual begins by satisfying_____________ needs.

A)esteem
B)self- actualization
C)physiological
D)safety

Question 28

The value placed on task performances and rewards is referred to as

A)effort to performance linkage.
B)expectancy.
C)performance- reward linkage.
D)valence.

Question 29

Jessica strives to develop friendships, prefers to work in cooperative situations, and works toward a high degree of mutual understanding in her relationships. She is demonstrating which need?

A)power
B)recognition
C)affiliation
D)achievement

Question 30

Research tells us that all of the following are more important to women than to men except

A)opportunity to learn.
B)convenient work hours.
C)autonomy.
D)good interpersonal relations.

Question 31

_____________is/are a program that pays and rewards employees on the basis of skills, knowledge, or behavior that they possess.

A)Pay- for- performance programs
B)Competency- based compensation
C)Wages
D)Employee stock ownership programs

Question 32

The theory that intrinsic factors are related to job satisfaction, and extrinsic factors are related to job dissatisfaction is

A)Vroom's expectancy theory.
B)Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
C)McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y.
D)Herzberg's motivation- hygiene theory.

Question 33

People with a high need for _____________seek solutions in which they can assume personal responsibility for finding solutions to problems.

A)achievement
B)power
C)affiliation
D)self- esteem

Question 34

Of the factors listed below, which one would most likely cause an employee to produce a low effort- to- performance linkage?

A)Management increases standards for receiving a bonus when workers start increasing productivity.
B)The company keeps its pay policies confidential.
C)The employee feels that the organization's does not provide adequate pay levels.
D)The employee does not have confidence in his or her level of ability.

Question 35

The need for achievement concept is another aspect of a motivation theory with a(n)_____________bias.

A)Greek
B)Mexican
C)Japanese
D)American

Question 36

To maximize motivation in today's diverse workforce, management must focus on

A)regularly using the same techniques.
B)being flexible.
C)using the same techniques for everyone.
D)Any motivational theory will work with any individual.

Question 37

According to Maslow, a person who is looking for affection, belongingness, acceptance, and friendship is at which need level?

A)social
B)physiological
C)esteem
D)safety

Question 38

John has a job that pays well, he desires to make a contribution to the organization, and he has an active social life. His overpowering drive now is to become all that he is capable of becoming. At which level is John?

A)self- actualization
B)esteem
C)safety
D)social

Question 39

The greater the tension level of the motivated employee, the_____________ the effort level.

A)lower
B)same
C)higher
D)There is no relationship.

Question 40

John is a salesperson for XYZ Corporation's Houston office. If the salespeople meet their sales goals for the month, they are given an all- expense- paid trip to a Denver Broncos football game. Football is not one of Houston's favorite sports, and the Denver Broncos are definitely not John's favorite team. John's performance might be influenced by the _____________part of Vroom's expectancy theory.

A)attractiveness
B)effort- performance linkage
C)effort- reward linkage
D)performance- reward linkage

Question 41

A pediatric nurse working in an intensive care unit would have which job characteristic?

A)low feedback
B)high significance
C)low significance
D)low variety

Question 42

According to Maslow, a need stops motivating

A)when the next level of needs is achieved.
B)when an individual returns to a lower level need.
C)when it is substantially satisfied.
D)A need never stops motivating.

Question 43

The_____________ theory of motivation specifically addresses the issues on which job enrichment focuses.

A)expectancy
B)equity
C)McClelland's need
D)motivation- hygiene

Question 44

Considering motivation as defined by Herzberg's Motivation- Hygiene Theory, which of the following would not be considered a hygiene factor?

A)regulations
B)supervision
C)autonomous decision- making
D)benefits

Question 45

According to the equity theory, rewards, recognition, promotions, and pay are considered_____________ .

A)outcomes
B)motivators
C)objectives
D)equities

Question 46

Which of the following is not a key component in the definition of motivation?

A)effort
B)needs
C)organizational goals
D)hierarchy

Question 47

In the job characteristics model (JCM), the links between job dimensions and outcomes are moderated or adjusted by the strength of the _____________need.

A)security
B)growth
C)power
D)affiliation

Question 48

The _____________category of the equity theory refers to input outcome ratios that are unique to the individual.

A)flexibility
B)system
C)other
D)self

Question 49

John has a job that pays well and claims that his job is so easy that he goes to work to relax after a busy weekend. Based on Herzberg's Motivation- Hygiene Theory

A)the need for self- esteem is the need that is most important to John.
B)the need for affiliation motivates John.
C)hygiene factors are more important to John than motivators.
D)John uses work to satisfy his needs for achievement.

Question 50

Which of the following is not a core job dimension used in the job characteristics model?

A)task identity
B)output
C)feedback
D)skill variety

Question 51

Compensation plans, such as piece- rate plans and profit sharing, that pay employees on the basis of some performance measure are

A)employee stock ownership programs.
B)pay- for- performance programs.
C)competency- based compensation.
D)wages.

Question 52

Which of the following is not true about the job characteristics model (JCM)?

A)The JCM provides a reasonably valid framework for defining the core characteristics in a cross section of jobs.
B)People who work on jobs with high core job dimensions are generally more productive.
C)People who work on jobs with high core job dimensions are generally more motivated.
D)Job dimensions directly affect personal and work outcomes.

Question 53

A police detective who schedules his/her own work, makes contacts without supervision, and decides on the most effective techniques for solving cases would have which job characteristic?

A)low variety
B)low autonomy
C)high autonomy
D)low feedback

Question 54

Commuting to and from work in many large cities requires two or more hours each day which can make workers tired before they even get to their job. Some companies offer_____________ as a way to alleviate the strain.

A)telecommuting
B)job sharing
C)variable work schedules
D)flexible work schedules and telecommuting

Question 55

All of the following are needed in order for a person to view his/her job as meaningful work except

A)task identity.
B)skill variety.
C)autonomy.
D)task significance.

Question 56

If employees perceive their inputs- outcomes ratio to be equal to the relevant others that they compare themselves to, then

A)a state of disequilibrium is present.
B)a state of inequity exists.
C)a state of dissatisfaction is present.
D)a state of equity exists.

Question 57

Application of Early Theories of Motivation
Weston has two very different first- line supervisors who report directly to him. Aaron really "cracks the whip" on his employees and firmly believes in strict controls and punishment for those employees who do not perform up to company expectations. Zach, on the other hand, has very few controls and believes that as long as people know what their objectives are, they will exercise self- control and self- direction. Aaron has been trying to use working conditions to increase the level of productivity in his department. Work conditions have not been very safe, and employees have complained frequently that they felt unsafe at work. However, when conditions were improved, employees were still not motivated. Zach had chosen to use responsibility and the opportunity for growth to increase his productivity levels, and he had been much more successful.
Aaron was trying to use what types of factors to increase productivity?

A)esteem
B)hygiene
C)social
D)motivators

Question 58

Equity theory recognizes that individuals are concerned with

A)only absolute rewards.
B)their rewards relative to others.
C)their compensation package.
D)whether others perceive equity.

Question 59

Tom is an air traffic comptroller at a major metropolitan area airport. Even though he has a fixed schedule and strict procedures to follow, based on the Core Job Characteristics Model, he finds his job rewarding because it has a high level of

A)task autonomy.
B)task significance.
C)flexibility.
D)skill variety.

Question 60

Application of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Jericho has several employees with a wide range of behaviors. He has been having a difficult time understanding where some of his employees are as far as motivation is concerned. He has just returned from a conference where Maslow's hierarchy of needs was discussed, and some of his employees seem to fall in those categories. First, there is Julie. She was just hired last week, and her preoccupation at the moment seems to be finding a place to live, grocery stores, and to locate things such as the fire and police departments. Jericho wonders if she will ever start thinking about work. Then, there is Jamie.
When Jericho asked her to work late next month, she said it was no problem as long as there was a security person to walk her across the company campus to the underground parking lot. Jericho easily arranged for the security guard. Then, there is Jason who just yesterday complained that his work was not challenging enough. He said he was not growing or using his full potential at what he was doing. Jessica also came to mind. What would he do with Jessica? She was their social butterfly, constantly flitting from one workstation to another, chatting with the employees. Not only was she not getting her work done, but also she was interrupting everyone else's work. And, finally, there was Lane who constantly needed attention and public recognition. If Lane accomplished a goal, he wanted everyone in the work area to realize he had met his goal. What a group of employees, thought Jericho.
At which needs level is Julie currently functioning?

A)safety
B)esteem
C)social
D)physiological

Question 61

A demotivating force in the_____________ relationship is represented by the following. After taking an examination, you believed that you could not have passed regardless of the amount of preparation you had done.

A)individual- performance
B)effort- performance
C)expectancy- failure
D)behavior- reward

Question 62

In equity theory propositions, if paid according to quantity of production, overrewarded employees will produce_____________ than equitably paid employees.

A)more and higher quality units
B)fewer but higher quality units
C)the same as but higher quality units
D)more but lower quality units

Question 63

Salary, working conditions, and security are examples of

A)Theory Y.
B)Theory X.
C)motivators.
D)hygiene factors.

Question 64

According to the _____________ theory of motivation, having the strength to act in a particular way
Depends on people's beliefs that their actions will produce outcomes they value and find attractive.

A)expectancy
B)equity
C)motivation- hygiene
D)goal

Question 65

In Maslow's need hierarchy, a healthy work environment is an example of what type of need?

A)social
B)physiological
C)esteem
D)safety

Question 66

High levels of effort are unlikely to lead to favorable job performance unless

A)quality of the effort is also considered.
B)technology is also considered.
C)management efforts are also considered.
D)team work is also considered.

Question 67

In Maslow's need hierarchy, status is an example of what type of need?

A)physiological
B)esteem
C)social
D)safety

Question 68

The best- known theory of motivation is which of the following?

A)Maslow's hierarchy of needs
B)McClelland's three- need theory
C)McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y
D)Herzberg's motivation- hygiene theory

Question 69

_____________is a special type of part- time work in which two or more individuals split a traditional job.

A)Job- sharing
B)Compressed workweek
C)Telecommuting
D)Flextime

Question 70

Application of Early Theories of Motivation
Weston has two very different first- line supervisors who report directly to him. Aaron really "cracks the whip" on his employees and firmly believes in strict controls and punishment for those employees who do not perform up to company expectations. Zach, on the other hand, has very few controls and believes that as long as people know what their objectives are, they will exercise self- control and self- direction. Aaron has been trying to use working conditions to increase the level of productivity in his department. Work conditions have not been very safe, and employees have complained frequently that they felt unsafe at work. However, when conditions were improved, employees were still not motivated. Zach had chosen to use responsibility and the opportunity for growth to increase his productivity levels, and he had been much more successful.
Aaron is what type of manager?

A)democratic
B)Theory Y
C)laissez- faire
D)Theory X

Question 71

According to_____________ theory, motivation is a function of how much we want something and how likely we think we are to get it.

A)equity
B)reinforcement
C)expectancy
D)motivation- hygiene

Question 72

When people perceive an imbalance to their input outcome ratio relative to those of others, they experience _____________ .

A)more pay for their efforts
B)anger
C)happiness
D)tension

Question 73

Application of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Jericho has several employees with a wide range of behaviors. He has been having a difficult time understanding where some of his employees are as far as motivation is concerned. He has just returned from a conference where Maslow's hierarchy of needs was discussed, and some of his employees seem to fall in those categories. First, there is Julie. She was just hired last week, and her preoccupation at the moment seems to be finding a place to live, grocery stores, and to locate things such as the fire and police departments. Jericho wonders if she will ever start thinking about work. Then, there is Jamie.
When Jericho asked her to work late next month, she said it was no problem as long as there was a security person to walk her across the company campus to the underground parking lot. Jericho easily arranged for the security guard. Then, there is Jason who just yesterday complained that his work was not challenging enough. He said he was not growing or using his full potential at what he was doing. Jessica also came to mind. What would he do with Jessica? She was their social butterfly, constantly flitting from one workstation to another, chatting with the employees. Not only was she not getting her work done, but also she was interrupting everyone else's work. And, finally, there was Lane who constantly needed attention and public recognition. If Lane accomplished a goal, he wanted everyone in the work area to realize he had met his goal. What a group of employees, thought Jericho.
Jessica is at which needs level?

A)social
B)physiological
C)safety
D)esteem

Question 74

The view that people develop beliefs about the fairness of the rewards they receive relative to their contributions is referred to as _____________.

A)need theory
B)the Motivation- Hygiene Theory
C)equity theory
D)expectancy theory

Question 75

Application of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Jericho has several employees with a wide range of behaviors. He has been having a difficult time understanding where some of his employees are as far as motivation is concerned. He has just returned from a conference where Maslow's hierarchy of needs was discussed, and some of his employees seem to fall in those categories. First, there is Julie. She was just hired last week, and her preoccupation at the moment seems to be finding a place to live, grocery stores, and to locate things such as the fire and police departments. Jericho wonders if she will ever start thinking about work. Then, there is Jamie.
When Jericho asked her to work late next month, she said it was no problem as long as there was a security person to walk her across the company campus to the underground parking lot. Jericho easily arranged for the security guard. Then, there is Jason who just yesterday complained that his work was not challenging enough. He said he was not growing or using his full potential at what he was doing. Jessica also came to mind. What would he do with Jessica? She was their social butterfly, constantly flitting from one workstation to another, chatting with the employees. Not only was she not getting her work done, but also she was interrupting everyone else's work. And, finally, there was Lane who constantly needed attention and public recognition. If Lane accomplished a goal, he wanted everyone in the work area to realize he had met his goal. What a group of employees, thought Jericho.
Lane is at which needs level?

A)esteem
B)social
C)safety
D)physiological

Question 76

Which of the following statements would a Theory X manager consider to be true?

A)Employees view work as being as natural as play.
B)Employees will shirk responsibility.
C)The average person can learn to accept and even seek responsibility.
D)Employees will exercise self- direction if they are committed to the objectives.

Question 77

Application of McClelland's Three Needs Theory
It seems Bill will never determine what motivates his group of ten employees. He realizes everyone is different but that certainly complicates motivational issues. It seems like the only thing that motivates Jerri is the desire to have an impact and to be influential. She loves to be in charge. If she is not "in charge," she contributes very little to the project, whereas if she is in charge, she will work beyond the level of anyone else. Nancy always wants to succeed. She seems to have a desire to excel at all she does. Then, there is Tim. Bill gave Tim an assignment last month where he had to work by himself for the majority of the project with very little interaction from anyone else. The project also took him away from the workplace for the majority of the month. Tim's productivity level fell dramatically, and Bill wondered why.
Which need is probably highest for Tim?

A)nPow
B)nSuc
C)nAff
D)nAch

Question 78

_____________is the degree to which a job affects the lives or work of other people.

A)Skill variety
B)Task significance
C)Task identity
D)Feedback

Question 79

On the basis of equity theory, when employees perceive an inequity, they might do all of the following except

A)distort either their own or others' inputs or outcomes.
B)behave so as to change their personal inputs or outcomes.
C)work harder on their job.
D)behave so as to induce others to change their inputs or outcomes.

Question 80

The two factors in Herzberg's theory are motivators and _____________.

A)power
B)growth
C)hygiene
D)achievement