Deck 40: The Senses

Question 1

Which of these structures can be swiveled around in some animals to better locate a sound?

A) Pinna
B) Cochlea
C) Hammer
D) Anvil

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following chemical compounds stimulate cold receptors in the skin and oral cavity?

A) Clove oil
B) Monosodium glutamate (MSG)
C) Menthol
D) Capsaicin
E) Camphor

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Receptor potentials may generate action potentials in the receptor cell itself, or they may cause_________ that stimulates an associated neuron to generate action potentials.

A) a change in pressure
B) an influx of Cl-
C) the production of glucose
D) the release of neurotransmitter
E) an increase in blood flow

Answer 3

the release of neurotransmitter

Question 4

The strength of a stimulus is indicated by the _________of action potentials.

A) duration
B) intensity
C) loss
D) speed
E) frequency

Question 5

Chemoreceptors include

A) hair cells.
B) rods.
C) free nerve endings.
D) olfactory receptors.
E) Pacinian corpuscles.

Question 6

Which of the following will respond to steady pressure?

A) Hair cells
B) Meissnerʹs corpuscles
C) Ruffini corpuscles
D) Pacinian corpuscles
E) Olfactory receptors

Question 7

The perception of sound depends on

A) mechanoreceptors.
B) chemoreceptors.
C) thermoreceptors.
D) photoreceptors.
E) nociceptors.

Question 8

Which structure transmits sound waves to the malleus in the middle ear?

A) Auditory membrane
B) Vestibular membrane
C) Tympanic membrane
D) Cochlea
E) Pinna

Question 9

Hair cells in the human ear are located on the

A) tympanic membrane.
B) round window.
C) pinna.
D) basilar membrane.

Question 10

Your best friend sneaks up behind you and lightly strokes the back of your neck with a feather. Which of the following receptors would detect this type of stimulus?

A) Meissnerʹs corpuscles
B) Hair cells
C) Stretch receptors
D) Ruffini corpuscles
E) Pacinian corpuscles

Question 11

Cones are specialized to detect which of the following types of stimuli?

A) Taste
B) Heat and cold
C) Odor
D) Light
E) Vibration

Question 12

Sensory receptors are grouped into categories based on the

A) stimuli to which they respond.
B) brain cells they stimulate.
C) part of the central nervous system to which they connect.
D) types of action potentials they generate.

Question 13

A stimulus that is strong enough to trigger an action potential is said to be above

A) capacity.
B) frequency.
C) maximum.
D) intensity.
E) threshold.

Question 14

Receptor potentials are_________ the strength of the stimulus.

A) unrelated to
B) directly proportional to
C) the same regardless of
D) much greater than
E) inversely proportional to

Question 15

Odor molecules stimulate responses in

A) hair cells.
B) olfactory receptors.
C) rods.
D) stretch receptors.
E) free nerve endings.

Question 16

If the doctor says you have a middle ear infection, which of the following could be involved?

A) Pinna
B) Vestibular apparatus
C) Auditory tube
D) Cochlea

Question 17

A cell specialized to respond to a particular type of stimulus is a

A) saccule.
B) sensory receptor.
C) corpuscle.
D) sensory receiver.
E) pinna.

Question 18

The malleus is also called the

A) hammer.
B) stirrup.
C) anvil.
D) pinna.
E) cochlea.

Question 19

Which type of receptor signals that your stomach is full after a big meal?

A) Photoreceptor
B) Mechanoreceptor
C) Thermoreceptor
D) Chemoreceptor

Question 20

All of the following are examples of mechanoreceptors EXCEPT

A) Ruffini corpuscles.
B) Pacinian corpuscles.
C) olfactory receptors.
D) stretch receptors.
E) Meissnerʹs corpuscles.

Question 21

The _________detect movement of the head.

A) oval and round windows of the inner ear
B) semicircular canals of the inner ear
C) pinna and auditory canal of the outer ear
D) bones in the middle ear
E) olfactory receptors in the nasal cavity

Question 22

The white of the human eyeʹs exterior is actually the

A) sclera.
B) pupil.
C) iris.
D) retina.
E) fovea.

Question 23

Which of the following animals has an eye with a single lens?

A) Butterfly
B) Human
C) Dragonfly
D) Bee
E) Jellyfish

Question 24

The hair cells in the_________ detect the direction of gravity.

A) corpuscle
B) utricle and saccule
C) oval and round windows
D) middle ear

Question 25

Select the correct path through which sound waves travel to stimulate hearing.

A) Outer ear → basilar membrane → inner ear → oval window → auditory tube
B) Outer ear → auditory tube → oval window → tympanic membrane → basilar membrane
C) Outer ear → oval window → middle ear → tympanic membrane → cochlea
D) Outer ear → tympanic membrane → middle ear → oval window → cochlea
E) Outer ear → tympanic membrane → auditory tube → cochlea → oval window

Question 26

Which of the following has the greatest potential to damage hair cells after prolonged exposure?

A) Two humans talking
B) Noise from an urban street
C) Noisy restaurant
D) A car engine
E) MP3 player

Question 27

The many individual light-sensitive subunits in an insectʹs eye are called

A) ommatidia.
B) ganglion cells.
C) cones.
D) corpuscles.
E) rods.

Question 28

The receptor cells for hearing are located in the

A) auditory tube.
B) utricle.
C) cochlea.
D) saccule.
E) semicircular canals.

Question 29

How many semicircular canals are in the inner ear of the right ear?

A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four

Question 30

Why do your parents or grandparents most likely need glasses to read?

A) The optic nerve sends signals more slowly as people age.
B) They have spent more time reading books at close range than have younger people.
C) The lens of the eye stiffens with age, making it difficult to focus on nearby objects.
D) The lens of the eye becomes rounder with age.
E) The photoreceptors of the eye are no longer as responsive.

Question 31

When light energy hits a photopigment, the molecule

A) is destroyed, setting off a series of chemical reactions.
B) is separated from the plasma membrane.
C) forms an enzyme.
D) changes shape, setting off a series of chemical reactions.
E) generates an action potential.

Question 32

The tiny stones in the vestibule, which move in response to gravity, are made of

A) magnesium.
B) iron oxide.
C) calcium hydroxide.
D) calcium carbonate.
E) sodium chloride.

Question 33

The frequency of a sound wave determines the_________ of the sound you hear.

A) amplitude
B) pitch
C) tone
D) loudness

Question 34

The hammer, anvil, and stirrup are located in the

A) auditory canal.
B) inner ear.
C) cochlea.
D) middle ear.
E) outer ear.

Question 35

You are researching the adaptations of a newly discovered mammal that is active mostly at night. Which adaptation to the eye would you expect to find?

A) Crustacean flattened cornea resulting in farsightedness
B) An eyespot that can only discern light from dark
C) Many individual light-sensitive subunits in each eye
D) Thicker vitreous humor behind the lens
E) A reflective choroid behind the retina

Question 36

How do we perceive the pitch of sounds?

A) Different parts of the basilar membrane vibrate in response to different frequencies of sound.
B) The tympanic membrane vibrates more strongly at high frequencies.
C) Rods vibrate in response to high-frequency sounds and cones respond to low-frequency sounds.
D) The pinna swivels in different directions in response to sounds of different frequency.
E) The hammer, anvil, and stirrup vibrate at different speeds.

Question 37

The hair-like projections of the hair cells are inserted into the

A) round window.
B) oval window.
C) tympanic membrane.
D) basilar membrane.
E) tectorial membrane.

Question 38

Vibration of the stirrup against this membrane transmits sound waves into the fluid -filled cochlea.

A) Tectorial membrane
B) Basilar membrane
C) Oval window
D) Tympanic membrane
E) Round window

Question 39

After 20 years on the road, Roger recently retired as the drummer of a rock band. It didnʹt take long for Roger to realize that he was unable to hear as well as he used to. Rogerʹs diminished hearing is most likely due to damage of

A) hair cells.
B) the auditory nerve.
C) the hammer and anvil.
D) corpuscles.
E) the tympanic membrane.

Question 40

Ommatidia are found in the compound eyes of

A) flatworms.
B) insects.
C) mollusks.
D) amphibians.
E) humans.

Question 41

MSG is often used as a seasoning to enhance the flavors of meat, fish, and vegetables. Which type of taste receptor cell responds to MSG?

A) Bitter
B) Sour
C) Umami
D) Salty
E) Sweet

Question 42

Smell and taste are detected by

A) olfactory receptors.
B) mechanoreceptors.
C) nociceptors.
D) thermoreceptors.
E) chemoreceptors.

Question 43

If you could monitor the activity from the photoreceptors of rods and cones in the retina during a dream, would you expect these cells to be producing electrical signals? Why?

A) No, because rods and cones never produce electrical signals.
B) Yes, because the rods and cones are reproducing images that are then sent to the brain.
C) No, because rods and cones only convert light energy into electrical signals.
D) Yes, because our eyes move during sleep, and this stimulates the rods and cones.

Question 44

The optic nerve

A) forms a blind spot at the fovea.
B) is made up of hair cells.
C) connects the two eyes.
D) carries action potentials that originate in the retina.
E) interprets the action potentials it carries.

Question 45

The receptor cells affected by light rays contain molecules called

A) ganglia.
B) ommatidia.
C) ampullae.
D) photopigments.
E) mechanoreceptors.

Question 46

Your friend has trouble distinguishing the color red from the color green. You explain that he is color-deficient because his eyes

A) are too elongated or have a cornea that is too round.
B) were damaged by bright sunlight.
C) have larger blind spots than normal.
D) have rods but no cones.
E) do not have the photopigments stimulated by red or green light.

Question 47

Chemicals detected by the nose must

A) dissolve in mucus in the nasal cavity.
B) cause bending of hair cells in the upper nasal cavity.
C) bind to taste buds.
D) first enter the mouth.
E) stimulate the cones.

Question 48

In humans, depth perception is possible because

A) the two eyes are necessary for any vision to occur.
B) we have two eyes on the sides of our heads.
C) the two eyes have overlapping visual fields.
D) the two eyes see identical images.
E) each of the two eyes ʺseesʺ an entirely different image.

Question 49

In humans, when the eye focuses on a nearby object, the lens

A) does not change.
B) becomes more rounded.
C) gets less transparent.
D) flattens.
E) gets more transparent.

Question 50

The round shape of the eyeball is maintained by the gel -like

A) iris.
B) choroid.
C) aqueous humor.
D) cornea.
E) vitreous humor.

Question 51

People who wear contact lenses or glasses have a defect in the

A) blind spot.
B) rod cells.
C) length of the eyeball.
D) iris.
E) cone cells.

Question 52

Odor molecules diffuse through mucus and bind directly to the_________ of olfactory receptors.

A) axons
B) cell body
C) dendrites
D) microvilli
E) corpuscles

Question 53

The _________provides nourishment for the lens and cornea.

A) choroid
B) vitreous humor
C) aqueous humor
D) optic nerve
E) retina

Question 54

Which of the following is NOT a type of cone found in the human retina?

A) Yellow
B) Red
C) Blue
D) Green

Question 55

Why do things appear mainly black or white to us in low light?

A) The diffused light of night does not fall on the fovea.
B) Only white light is available at night.
C) Rods are more sensitive to light than are cones.
D) Few action potentials are generated in low light.
E) Colored light does not strike the retina in low light.

Question 56

Which is the correct sequence of structures through which light passes in the eye?

A) Pupil → vitreous humor → aqueous humor → retina → cornea
B) Lens → cornea → vitreous humor → retina → aqueous humor → pupil
C) Aqueous humor → cornea → lens → pupil → retina → vitreous humor
D) Cornea → aqueous humor → pupil → lens → vitreous humor → retina
E) Lens → pupil → cornea → aqueous humor → retina

Question 57

In a person who is nearsighted, the

A) muscle that controls the thickness of the lens is weak.
B) eyeball is too short from front to back.
C) incoming light is focused in front of the retina.
D) aqueous humor is cloudier than normal.
E) lens is not functional at all.

Question 58

What is the effect of a cornea that is too flat?
A) An enlarged blind spot

A) Nearsightedness
B) Blindness
D) Farsightedness

Question 59

What is the blind spot?

A) The part of the cerebral cortex that interprets action potentials from the eye
B) A space in the vitreous humor
C) A part of the cornea
D) The hole where there is no iris
E) An area of the retina that has no receptor cells

Question 60

The fovea of the human eye

A) contains mostly rods.
B) is also known as the blind spot.
C) contains a high concentration of ommatidia.
D) is the part of the retina that produces the sharpest image.
E) is located in the sclera.

Question 61

How many taste buds are on the human tongue?

A) 50
B) 5
C) 500
D) 5,000
E) 5,000,000

Question 62

Olfactory receptors are located in the_________ cavity.

Question 63

Binocular vision is an adaptation found in many animals that benefit from good depth perception.

Question 64

The sense of taste relies on

A) taste buds, olfactory receptors, and nociceptors.
B) both taste buds and olfactory receptors.
C) olfactory receptors only.
D) taste buds, olfactory receptors, and mechanoreceptors.
E) taste buds only.

Question 65

Pain receptors

A) are activated when skin temperatures are between 65°F and 100°F.
B) respond to bradykinin, which is produced as a result of cell damage.
C) do not respond to stretching.
D) are sometimes called photoreceptors.

Question 66

Optimal color vision occurs in the fovea, a depression in the retina where most of the_________are located.

Question 67

Human fingertips have the same number of touch receptors per square inch as the skin of the back.

Question 68

Any cell that generates an electrical signal in response to a stimulus is a receptor.

Question 69

The threshold of human skin temperature at which cool or cold is perceived as pain is

A) 59°F.
B) 0°F.
C) 32°F.
D) -5°F.

Question 70

The five distinctly different tastes that stimulate receptors on the human tongue are_________,_________ , _________, _________, and_________ .

Question 71

Which of the following is responsible for the perception of smell?

A) Olfactory receptors
B) Olfactory bulb
C) Corpuscles
D) Optic nerve
E) Ganglion cells

Question 72

You take a drink of scalding coffee and it burns your tongue. The _________cells of the taste bud divide to replace the damaged receptors.

A) taste
B) neuron
C) supporting
D) glial
E) stem

Question 73

The stronger the stimulus, the larger the receptor potential.

Question 74

Spicy foods often contain the chemical capsaicin, which activates certain receptors in the mouth, causing your mouth to feel like it is ʺburning.ʺ The receptors activated by capsaicin are also activated by

A) acidic foods.
B) glutamate.
C) very hot temperatures.
D) salty foods.
E) sweet foods.

Question 75

There are three small bones in the inner ear.

Question 76

The _________ear not only detects sound, but also detects gravity and movement.

Question 77

Ruffini corpuscles respond to a light touch against the skin.

Question 78

Sour sensations occur when H+ binds to taste receptor cells.

Question 79

There are different olfactory receptor proteins in humans that allow us to sense a variety of odors.

A) 1,000 to 1,500
B) 350 to 400
B) 5 to 10
C) 10 to 15
C) 100,000 to 500,000

Question 80

The stronger the stimulus, the larger the action potential.