Deck 39: The Nervous System

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Question
Activity of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine is brief because it

A) is pumped out of the synaptic cleft by the sodium-potassium pump.
B) is rapidly broken down by enzymes in the synaptic cleft.
C) is transported back into the presynaptic neuron.
D) ʺself-destructsʺ shortly after leaving the presynaptic neuron.
E) diffuses out of the synaptic cleft.
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Question
Which stimulus would the brain interpret as the strongest?

A) 50 action potentials per second
B) 100 action potentials per second
C) 10 action potentials per second
D) 5 action potentials per second
E) 20 action potentials per second
Question
If a bone fragment resulting from a broken nose pushed against the olfactory (smell) nerve, triggering an action potential, the person would

A) register the sensation as a smell.
B) lose her sense of smell.
C) register the sensation as a sound.
D) register the sensation as a visual stimulus.
E) not register the sensation at all.
Question
Myelin speeds the conduction of action potentials along a neuron by

A) increasing the diameter of the axon.
B) inserting additional voltage-gated K+ channels into the membrane.
C) allowing the action potential to ʺjumpʺ over sections of the axon.
D) increasing the resting membrane potential.
E) lowering the threshold at which action potentials are generated.
Question
At the synapse, some neurotransmitters open ion channels that make the interior of the postsynaptic neuron more negative. Thus, these neurotransmitters produce a(n) __________postsynaptic potential (IPSP).

A) rewarding
B) decreasing
C) inhibitory
D) enhancing
E) excitatory
Question
The intensity of a stimulus is indicated by the __________of action potentials.

A) intensity
B) speed
C) loss
D) frequency
E) duration
Question
In an unstimulated neuron, the___________ concentration is higher inside the cell than outside.

A) Cl?
B) Li+
C) Na+
D) Ca2+
E) K+
Question
Electrical signals are transmitted to the synaptic terminals along the

A) glia.
B) synapse.
C) dendrite.
D) cell body.
E) axon.
Question
The brain and spinal cord interpret the frequency of action potentials they receive as

A) stimulus intensity.
B) a reflex.
C) convergence.
D) divergence.
E) stimulus importance.
Question
During the repolarization phase of an action potential, the membrane potential falls from +60 to -70 mV. This drop is due mostly to the movement of __________ions.

A) sodium
B) hydrogen
C) calcium
D) potassium
E) chloride
Question
The junction across which electrical signals are passed from a neuron to a muscle fiber, a gland, or another neuron is called the

A) axon.
B) glia.
C) synapse.
D) dendrite.
E) soma.
Question
The resting potential of an unstimulated neuron is between __________millivolts (mV).

A) ?400 and ?900
B) ?4 and ?9
C) 40 and 90
D) 4 and 9
E) ?40 and ?90
Question
Axons

A) have receptors for neurotransmitters.
B) receive information from the external environment.
C) process information.
D) form the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord.
E) carry action potentials.
Question
Action potentials are generated when suddenly open.

A) resting Na+ channels
B) voltage-gated Na+ channels
C) sodium-potassium pumps
D) resting K+ channels
E) voltage-gated K+ channels
Question
What happens when the resting potential reaches threshold voltage?

A) Voltage-gated sodium channels close.
B) Voltage-gated potassium channels open.
C) Voltage-gated sodium channels open.
D) The sodium-potassium pump is turned on.
E) Resting potassium channels close.
Question
Which portion of the neuron typically receives information?

A) Cell body
B) Dendrite
C) Synaptic terminal
D) Axon
E) Glia
Question
Select the path an electrical signal would take within a single neuron.

A) Synaptic terminal → cell body → axon → dendrite
B) Synaptic terminal → dendrite → axon → cell body
C) Dendrite → cell body → axon → synaptic terminal
D) Synaptic terminal → axon → cell body → dendrite
E) Cell body → dendrite → axon → synaptic terminal
Question
Nicotine affects neurotransmission by causing more action potentials in the presynaptic neuron and by causing more neurotransmitter to be released per vesicle. This means your postsynaptic neurons

A) are uncoordinated in the presence of nicotine.
B) are unaffected by nicotine.
C) are more easily stimulated in the presence of nicotine.
D) cannot be stimulated at all in the presence of nicotine.
E) are harder than normal to stimulate in the presence of nicotine.
Question
In an unstimulated neuron, the sodium-potassium pump maintains the concentration gradient of sodium and potassium ions by transporting

A) potassium ions into and sodium ions out of the cell.
B) potassium ions out of and sodium ions into the cell.
C) sodium and potassium out of the cell.
D) sodium and potassium into the cell.
E) sodium and potassium ions in both directions across the cell membrane.
Question
In an unstimulated neuron, the plasma membrane is most permeable to ions.

A) sodium (Na+)
B) sugar
C) chloride (Cl?)
D) calcium (Ca2+)
E) potassium (K+)
Question
The cell bodies of motor neurons are located

A) next to the sensory receptors.
B) in the muscles.
C) in the forebrain.
D) in the gray matter of the spinal cord.
E) outside the spinal cord.
Question
Which of the following is part of the peripheral nervous system?

A) Thalamus
B) Medulla
C) Spinal cord
D) Autonomic nervous system
E) Brain
Question
Which region of the brain is responsible for the intricate coordination of finger movements involved in playing the piano?

A) Pons
B) Midbrain
C) Cerebrum
D) Cerebellum
E) Hypothalamus
Question
Which of the following does NOT describe the autonomic nervous system?

A) It forms synapses with smooth muscles in blood vessels.
B) It is subdivided into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
C) Neurons release norepinephrine or acetylcholine onto their target organ.
D) It regulates heart rate.
E) It controls voluntary movements.
Question
The __________coordinates muscle movements of the body.

A) cerebrum
B) parietal lobe
C) hypothalamus
D) cerebellum
E) medulla
Question
While walking barefoot along the beach, you step on a shard of glass and reflexively lift your injured foot. Which path did the reflex to lift your foot take?

A) Motor nerve → sensory nerve → spinal cord → brain
B) Sensory nerve → motor nerve → spinal cord → brain
C) Sensory nerve → spinal cord → brain → spinal cord → motor nerve → effector
D) Sensory nerve → spinal cord → motor nerve → effector
E) Motor nerve → spinal cord → brain → spinal cord → sensory nerve → effector
Question
All sensory information, with the exception of olfaction, must pass though the__________as it travels to the cerebral cortex.

A) reticular formation
B) hypothalamus
C) thalamus
D) amygdala
E) cerebellum
Question
A functioning __________would enable you to read a novel while sitting in a noisy restaurant.

A) cerebrum
B) thalamus
C) substantia nigra
D) reticular formation
E) hypothalamus
Question
Which of these neurotransmitters, released by neurons of the sympathetic nervous system, helps prepare the body for energetic activity?

A) Norepinephrine
B) Endorphin
C) Dopamine
D) Serotonin
E) Acetylcholine
Question
Which portion of the brain is responsible for primitive emotions such as fear, rage, and sexual desire?

A) Thalamus
B) Medulla
C) Reticular formation
D) Pons
E) Limbic system
Question
Of the following structures, which can be found in the human peripheral nervous system?

A) Sensory neurons
B) Cerebellum
C) Hypothalamus
D) Cerebrum
E) Spinal cord
Question
Motor neurons

A) integrate information from many sources.
B) carry impulses to the brain.
C) receive stimuli from inside or outside the body.
D) transmit impulses toward the spinal cord.
E) send signals to effector organs.
Question
The autonomic nervous system consists of two parts: the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. The sympathetic division is responsible for which type of response?

A) Slowing of the heart rate
B) Constriction of the air passages in the lungs
C) Fight-or-flight responses
D) Stimulation of digestion
E) Rest-and-digest responses
Question
Addictive drugs that make people feel good, such as cocaine and methamphetamine, block the uptake of which of the following neurotransmitters in the brain?

A) Nitric oxide
B) Dopamine
C) Serotonin
D) Acetylcholine
E) GABA
Question
A diffuse nerve net would be found in which of the following animals?

A) Flatworm
B) Octopus
C) Insect
D) Human
E) Jellyfish
Question
Most brain and spinal cord cells are

A) saltatory neurons.
B) sensory neurons.
C) motor neurons.
D) interneurons.
E) parasympathetic neurons.
Question
Which region of the brain controls breathing and heart rate?

A) Hypothalamus
B) Medulla
C) Cerebrum
D) Thalamus
E) Cerebellum
Question
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Which drug produces a relaxing effect by blocking the receptors for glutamate?

A) Alcohol
B) Nicotine
C) Caffeine
D) Methamphetamine
E) Cocaine
Question
Taking a nap after meals is probably a good idea because it allows the body to digest the food as a result of the activities of the__________ nervous system.

A) parasympathetic
B) central
C) sympathetic
D) sensory
E) somatic
Question
Dolphins use echolocation to maneuver around objects quickly and precisely to capture prey. Thus, you would expect them to have a larger -than-normal

A) cerebrum.
B) amygdala.
C) limbic system.
D) hypothalamus.
E) cerebellum.
Question
Dendrites release neurotransmitters at synapses.)
Question
After an accident, a professional musician cannot associate any of the instruments he has played with the sounds they make. What part of his brain is most likely damaged?

A) Auditory association areas
B) Sensory association areas
C) Basal ganglia
D) Primary auditory areas
E) Primary sensory areas
Question
Sensations of fear, pleasure, and sexual arousal are produced by the

A) amygdala.
B) cerebral cortex.
C) hypothalamus.
D) reticular formation.
E) medulla.
Question
To survive the winter, some birds, such as the black-capped chickadee, must locate caches of seeds it buries each fall. Which region of the brain allows the birds to remember the exact locations of these stashes?

A) Hypothalamus
B) Occipital lobe
C) Hippocampus
D) Frontal lobe
E) Amygdala
Question
The right cerebral hemisphere

A) controls movements of the right side of the body.
B) is smaller in women than men.
C) is logical.
D) controls movements of the left side of the body.
E) is slightly larger than the left cerebral hemisphere.
Question
Damage to the right frontal cortex may produce paralysis on the__________side of the body.

A) right
B) nondominant
C) left
D) dominant
Question
Nerves are groups of axons bundled together.
Question
The corpus callosum links the

A) cerebrum and thalamus.
B) thalamus and hypothalamus.
C) forebrain and midbrain.
D) peripheral and central nervous systems.
E) right and left cerebral hemispheres.
Question
If a patient has a particular memory problem in which he can recall old memories but cannot make new memories, what part of his brain is most likely damaged?

A) Thalamus
B) Prefrontal cortex
C) Temporal lobes
D) Basal ganglia
E) Hippocampus
Question
You arrive ten minutes late for your final exam and immediately regret stopping for donuts, which feel like a dead weight in your stomach. Your heart is pounding and your palms are sweaty. What part of your nervous system is in control?

A) Sympathetic
B) Nerve net
C) Voluntary
D) Somatic
E) Parasympathetic
Question
John was attending a party when he suddenly started eating food from some of the other guestʹs plates and using profane language. Johnʹs son promptly rushed his father to the hospital where it was discovered that he had suffered a stroke. Based on Johnʹs altered behaviors, which area of the brain was most likely damaged by the stroke?

A) Temporal lobe
B) Hypothalamus
C) Corpus callosum
D) cerebellum
E) Prefrontal cortex
Question
Aliceʹs PET (positron emission tomography) scan shows a large red area in the occipital lobe when taken while Alice is looking at color images. Which of the following is TRUE about Aliceʹs PET scan?

A) The occipital lobe had the highest level of activity.
B) The occipital lobe was the only area of Aliceʹs brain that was active.
C) This scan proves the old saying that we use only 10% of our brains.
D) The darkest areas of Aliceʹs brain were the most active.
Question
When you hear a loud noise, you immediately turn your head and direct your eyes toward the sound. Which region of the brain directs this reflexive movement of your eyes?

A) Hippocampus
B) Cerebrum
C) Midbrain
D) Pons
E) Hindbrain
Question
It is possible that brain damage from a stroke or other injury could leave a person with the ability to comprehend written language but not spoken language (assume the personʹs hearing is fine). Which statement best explains this?

A) The ability to understand written language is controlled by the left cerebral hemisphere, whereas the ability to understand spoken language is controlled by the right cerebral hemisphere.
B) The same region of the brain controls all aspects of language comprehension.
C) Different parts of the brain are involved in different aspects of language comprehension.
D) Different cells of the frontal cortex control different aspects of language comprehension.
Question
Visual information is processed in the

A) frontal lobes.
B) hippocampus.
C) temporal lobes.
D) occipital lobes.
E) parietal lobes.
Question
The __________is a cluster of neurons that plays a role in wake-sleep cycles, muscle tone, emotions, and some reflexes.

A) cerebral cortex
B) pons
C) reticular formation
D) medulla
E) hypothalamus
Question
Which region of the brain helps regulate body temperature, endocrine activity, and water balance?

A) Hypothalamus
B) Thalamus
C) Cerebrum
D) Cerebellum
E) Medulla
Question
Sensory information processing as well as the direction of voluntary movements are carried out by the

A) amygdala.
B) cerebrum.
C) cerebellum.
D) medulla.
E) hypothalamus.
Question
People with damage to the hippocampus seem to be unable to remember recent events even though their memory of events before the damage remains intact. This seems to indicate that the hippocampus is involved in

A) producing hormones that control the memory neurons of the cerebrum.
B) generating new neurons in the cerebellum.
C) recognizing similar events.
D) retrieving memories.
E) transferring information from short-term memory into long-term memory.
Question
The left and right hemispheres of the brain are connected through the__________ , a large band of axons.

A) medulla
B) pons
C) reticular formation
D) hypothalamus
E) corpus callosum
Question
The hippocampus is responsible for processing sensory stimuli.
Question
The integration of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) received by a postsynaptic neuron determines its activity.
Question
The brain is able to take sensory inputs from many neurons, integrate them, and determine an appropriate response.
Question
The peripheral nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord.
Question
The more frequently an action potential is triggered by a stimulus, the greater the intensity of the sensation.
Question
A neuronʹs resting potential is due in large part to the diffusion of K+ ions out of the cell, leaving the negatively charged DNA and proteins inside the cell.
Question
As the resting membrane potential of a neuron nears threshold, it becomes harder to stimulate.
Question
An influx of calcium ions causes vesicles to fuse with the presynaptic membrane and release neurotransmitter into the synapse.
Question
Interneurons connect sensory and motor neurons.
Question
A good meal and a pleasant evening relaxing in front of the fire trigger the parasympathetic nervous system.
Question
The control centers for breathing, blood pressure, and heart rate are located in the medulla.
Question
At a chemical synapse, the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons touch and chemicals are exchanged through gap junctions.
Question
The more complex the organism, the more likely it is to have nerve net.
Question
Effectors pick up sensory stimuli.
Question
Smooth muscle responses are controlled by the somatic nervous system.
Question
Myelinated axons conduct action potentials more slowly than axons without a myelin covering.
Question
Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system responses usually oppose each other.
Question
The concentrations of ions inside and outside of a neuron are maintained by sodium-chloride (Na+-Cl−) pumps.
Question
The stronger the stimulus, the more powerful the action potential.
Question
Emotions and the responses to emotions are controlled by the limbic system.
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Deck 39: The Nervous System
1
Activity of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine is brief because it

A) is pumped out of the synaptic cleft by the sodium-potassium pump.
B) is rapidly broken down by enzymes in the synaptic cleft.
C) is transported back into the presynaptic neuron.
D) ʺself-destructsʺ shortly after leaving the presynaptic neuron.
E) diffuses out of the synaptic cleft.
B
2
Which stimulus would the brain interpret as the strongest?

A) 50 action potentials per second
B) 100 action potentials per second
C) 10 action potentials per second
D) 5 action potentials per second
E) 20 action potentials per second
B
3
If a bone fragment resulting from a broken nose pushed against the olfactory (smell) nerve, triggering an action potential, the person would

A) register the sensation as a smell.
B) lose her sense of smell.
C) register the sensation as a sound.
D) register the sensation as a visual stimulus.
E) not register the sensation at all.
A
4
Myelin speeds the conduction of action potentials along a neuron by

A) increasing the diameter of the axon.
B) inserting additional voltage-gated K+ channels into the membrane.
C) allowing the action potential to ʺjumpʺ over sections of the axon.
D) increasing the resting membrane potential.
E) lowering the threshold at which action potentials are generated.
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k this deck
5
At the synapse, some neurotransmitters open ion channels that make the interior of the postsynaptic neuron more negative. Thus, these neurotransmitters produce a(n) __________postsynaptic potential (IPSP).

A) rewarding
B) decreasing
C) inhibitory
D) enhancing
E) excitatory
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k this deck
6
The intensity of a stimulus is indicated by the __________of action potentials.

A) intensity
B) speed
C) loss
D) frequency
E) duration
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k this deck
7
In an unstimulated neuron, the___________ concentration is higher inside the cell than outside.

A) Cl?
B) Li+
C) Na+
D) Ca2+
E) K+
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k this deck
8
Electrical signals are transmitted to the synaptic terminals along the

A) glia.
B) synapse.
C) dendrite.
D) cell body.
E) axon.
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Unlock Deck
k this deck
9
The brain and spinal cord interpret the frequency of action potentials they receive as

A) stimulus intensity.
B) a reflex.
C) convergence.
D) divergence.
E) stimulus importance.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 118 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
10
During the repolarization phase of an action potential, the membrane potential falls from +60 to -70 mV. This drop is due mostly to the movement of __________ions.

A) sodium
B) hydrogen
C) calcium
D) potassium
E) chloride
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Unlock for access to all 118 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
11
The junction across which electrical signals are passed from a neuron to a muscle fiber, a gland, or another neuron is called the

A) axon.
B) glia.
C) synapse.
D) dendrite.
E) soma.
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12
The resting potential of an unstimulated neuron is between __________millivolts (mV).

A) ?400 and ?900
B) ?4 and ?9
C) 40 and 90
D) 4 and 9
E) ?40 and ?90
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13
Axons

A) have receptors for neurotransmitters.
B) receive information from the external environment.
C) process information.
D) form the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord.
E) carry action potentials.
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14
Action potentials are generated when suddenly open.

A) resting Na+ channels
B) voltage-gated Na+ channels
C) sodium-potassium pumps
D) resting K+ channels
E) voltage-gated K+ channels
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15
What happens when the resting potential reaches threshold voltage?

A) Voltage-gated sodium channels close.
B) Voltage-gated potassium channels open.
C) Voltage-gated sodium channels open.
D) The sodium-potassium pump is turned on.
E) Resting potassium channels close.
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16
Which portion of the neuron typically receives information?

A) Cell body
B) Dendrite
C) Synaptic terminal
D) Axon
E) Glia
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17
Select the path an electrical signal would take within a single neuron.

A) Synaptic terminal → cell body → axon → dendrite
B) Synaptic terminal → dendrite → axon → cell body
C) Dendrite → cell body → axon → synaptic terminal
D) Synaptic terminal → axon → cell body → dendrite
E) Cell body → dendrite → axon → synaptic terminal
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18
Nicotine affects neurotransmission by causing more action potentials in the presynaptic neuron and by causing more neurotransmitter to be released per vesicle. This means your postsynaptic neurons

A) are uncoordinated in the presence of nicotine.
B) are unaffected by nicotine.
C) are more easily stimulated in the presence of nicotine.
D) cannot be stimulated at all in the presence of nicotine.
E) are harder than normal to stimulate in the presence of nicotine.
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19
In an unstimulated neuron, the sodium-potassium pump maintains the concentration gradient of sodium and potassium ions by transporting

A) potassium ions into and sodium ions out of the cell.
B) potassium ions out of and sodium ions into the cell.
C) sodium and potassium out of the cell.
D) sodium and potassium into the cell.
E) sodium and potassium ions in both directions across the cell membrane.
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20
In an unstimulated neuron, the plasma membrane is most permeable to ions.

A) sodium (Na+)
B) sugar
C) chloride (Cl?)
D) calcium (Ca2+)
E) potassium (K+)
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k this deck
21
The cell bodies of motor neurons are located

A) next to the sensory receptors.
B) in the muscles.
C) in the forebrain.
D) in the gray matter of the spinal cord.
E) outside the spinal cord.
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k this deck
22
Which of the following is part of the peripheral nervous system?

A) Thalamus
B) Medulla
C) Spinal cord
D) Autonomic nervous system
E) Brain
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k this deck
23
Which region of the brain is responsible for the intricate coordination of finger movements involved in playing the piano?

A) Pons
B) Midbrain
C) Cerebrum
D) Cerebellum
E) Hypothalamus
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Unlock Deck
k this deck
24
Which of the following does NOT describe the autonomic nervous system?

A) It forms synapses with smooth muscles in blood vessels.
B) It is subdivided into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
C) Neurons release norepinephrine or acetylcholine onto their target organ.
D) It regulates heart rate.
E) It controls voluntary movements.
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Unlock Deck
k this deck
25
The __________coordinates muscle movements of the body.

A) cerebrum
B) parietal lobe
C) hypothalamus
D) cerebellum
E) medulla
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Unlock for access to all 118 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
26
While walking barefoot along the beach, you step on a shard of glass and reflexively lift your injured foot. Which path did the reflex to lift your foot take?

A) Motor nerve → sensory nerve → spinal cord → brain
B) Sensory nerve → motor nerve → spinal cord → brain
C) Sensory nerve → spinal cord → brain → spinal cord → motor nerve → effector
D) Sensory nerve → spinal cord → motor nerve → effector
E) Motor nerve → spinal cord → brain → spinal cord → sensory nerve → effector
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27
All sensory information, with the exception of olfaction, must pass though the__________as it travels to the cerebral cortex.

A) reticular formation
B) hypothalamus
C) thalamus
D) amygdala
E) cerebellum
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Unlock Deck
k this deck
28
A functioning __________would enable you to read a novel while sitting in a noisy restaurant.

A) cerebrum
B) thalamus
C) substantia nigra
D) reticular formation
E) hypothalamus
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Unlock Deck
k this deck
29
Which of these neurotransmitters, released by neurons of the sympathetic nervous system, helps prepare the body for energetic activity?

A) Norepinephrine
B) Endorphin
C) Dopamine
D) Serotonin
E) Acetylcholine
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Unlock for access to all 118 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
30
Which portion of the brain is responsible for primitive emotions such as fear, rage, and sexual desire?

A) Thalamus
B) Medulla
C) Reticular formation
D) Pons
E) Limbic system
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Unlock for access to all 118 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
31
Of the following structures, which can be found in the human peripheral nervous system?

A) Sensory neurons
B) Cerebellum
C) Hypothalamus
D) Cerebrum
E) Spinal cord
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Unlock Deck
k this deck
32
Motor neurons

A) integrate information from many sources.
B) carry impulses to the brain.
C) receive stimuli from inside or outside the body.
D) transmit impulses toward the spinal cord.
E) send signals to effector organs.
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Unlock for access to all 118 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
33
The autonomic nervous system consists of two parts: the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. The sympathetic division is responsible for which type of response?

A) Slowing of the heart rate
B) Constriction of the air passages in the lungs
C) Fight-or-flight responses
D) Stimulation of digestion
E) Rest-and-digest responses
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 118 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
34
Addictive drugs that make people feel good, such as cocaine and methamphetamine, block the uptake of which of the following neurotransmitters in the brain?

A) Nitric oxide
B) Dopamine
C) Serotonin
D) Acetylcholine
E) GABA
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 118 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
35
A diffuse nerve net would be found in which of the following animals?

A) Flatworm
B) Octopus
C) Insect
D) Human
E) Jellyfish
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 118 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
36
Most brain and spinal cord cells are

A) saltatory neurons.
B) sensory neurons.
C) motor neurons.
D) interneurons.
E) parasympathetic neurons.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 118 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
37
Which region of the brain controls breathing and heart rate?

A) Hypothalamus
B) Medulla
C) Cerebrum
D) Thalamus
E) Cerebellum
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Unlock Deck
k this deck
38
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Which drug produces a relaxing effect by blocking the receptors for glutamate?

A) Alcohol
B) Nicotine
C) Caffeine
D) Methamphetamine
E) Cocaine
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39
Taking a nap after meals is probably a good idea because it allows the body to digest the food as a result of the activities of the__________ nervous system.

A) parasympathetic
B) central
C) sympathetic
D) sensory
E) somatic
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40
Dolphins use echolocation to maneuver around objects quickly and precisely to capture prey. Thus, you would expect them to have a larger -than-normal

A) cerebrum.
B) amygdala.
C) limbic system.
D) hypothalamus.
E) cerebellum.
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41
Dendrites release neurotransmitters at synapses.)
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42
After an accident, a professional musician cannot associate any of the instruments he has played with the sounds they make. What part of his brain is most likely damaged?

A) Auditory association areas
B) Sensory association areas
C) Basal ganglia
D) Primary auditory areas
E) Primary sensory areas
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43
Sensations of fear, pleasure, and sexual arousal are produced by the

A) amygdala.
B) cerebral cortex.
C) hypothalamus.
D) reticular formation.
E) medulla.
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44
To survive the winter, some birds, such as the black-capped chickadee, must locate caches of seeds it buries each fall. Which region of the brain allows the birds to remember the exact locations of these stashes?

A) Hypothalamus
B) Occipital lobe
C) Hippocampus
D) Frontal lobe
E) Amygdala
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45
The right cerebral hemisphere

A) controls movements of the right side of the body.
B) is smaller in women than men.
C) is logical.
D) controls movements of the left side of the body.
E) is slightly larger than the left cerebral hemisphere.
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46
Damage to the right frontal cortex may produce paralysis on the__________side of the body.

A) right
B) nondominant
C) left
D) dominant
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47
Nerves are groups of axons bundled together.
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48
The corpus callosum links the

A) cerebrum and thalamus.
B) thalamus and hypothalamus.
C) forebrain and midbrain.
D) peripheral and central nervous systems.
E) right and left cerebral hemispheres.
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49
If a patient has a particular memory problem in which he can recall old memories but cannot make new memories, what part of his brain is most likely damaged?

A) Thalamus
B) Prefrontal cortex
C) Temporal lobes
D) Basal ganglia
E) Hippocampus
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50
You arrive ten minutes late for your final exam and immediately regret stopping for donuts, which feel like a dead weight in your stomach. Your heart is pounding and your palms are sweaty. What part of your nervous system is in control?

A) Sympathetic
B) Nerve net
C) Voluntary
D) Somatic
E) Parasympathetic
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51
John was attending a party when he suddenly started eating food from some of the other guestʹs plates and using profane language. Johnʹs son promptly rushed his father to the hospital where it was discovered that he had suffered a stroke. Based on Johnʹs altered behaviors, which area of the brain was most likely damaged by the stroke?

A) Temporal lobe
B) Hypothalamus
C) Corpus callosum
D) cerebellum
E) Prefrontal cortex
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52
Aliceʹs PET (positron emission tomography) scan shows a large red area in the occipital lobe when taken while Alice is looking at color images. Which of the following is TRUE about Aliceʹs PET scan?

A) The occipital lobe had the highest level of activity.
B) The occipital lobe was the only area of Aliceʹs brain that was active.
C) This scan proves the old saying that we use only 10% of our brains.
D) The darkest areas of Aliceʹs brain were the most active.
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53
When you hear a loud noise, you immediately turn your head and direct your eyes toward the sound. Which region of the brain directs this reflexive movement of your eyes?

A) Hippocampus
B) Cerebrum
C) Midbrain
D) Pons
E) Hindbrain
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54
It is possible that brain damage from a stroke or other injury could leave a person with the ability to comprehend written language but not spoken language (assume the personʹs hearing is fine). Which statement best explains this?

A) The ability to understand written language is controlled by the left cerebral hemisphere, whereas the ability to understand spoken language is controlled by the right cerebral hemisphere.
B) The same region of the brain controls all aspects of language comprehension.
C) Different parts of the brain are involved in different aspects of language comprehension.
D) Different cells of the frontal cortex control different aspects of language comprehension.
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55
Visual information is processed in the

A) frontal lobes.
B) hippocampus.
C) temporal lobes.
D) occipital lobes.
E) parietal lobes.
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56
The __________is a cluster of neurons that plays a role in wake-sleep cycles, muscle tone, emotions, and some reflexes.

A) cerebral cortex
B) pons
C) reticular formation
D) medulla
E) hypothalamus
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57
Which region of the brain helps regulate body temperature, endocrine activity, and water balance?

A) Hypothalamus
B) Thalamus
C) Cerebrum
D) Cerebellum
E) Medulla
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58
Sensory information processing as well as the direction of voluntary movements are carried out by the

A) amygdala.
B) cerebrum.
C) cerebellum.
D) medulla.
E) hypothalamus.
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59
People with damage to the hippocampus seem to be unable to remember recent events even though their memory of events before the damage remains intact. This seems to indicate that the hippocampus is involved in

A) producing hormones that control the memory neurons of the cerebrum.
B) generating new neurons in the cerebellum.
C) recognizing similar events.
D) retrieving memories.
E) transferring information from short-term memory into long-term memory.
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60
The left and right hemispheres of the brain are connected through the__________ , a large band of axons.

A) medulla
B) pons
C) reticular formation
D) hypothalamus
E) corpus callosum
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61
The hippocampus is responsible for processing sensory stimuli.
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62
The integration of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) received by a postsynaptic neuron determines its activity.
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63
The brain is able to take sensory inputs from many neurons, integrate them, and determine an appropriate response.
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64
The peripheral nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord.
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65
The more frequently an action potential is triggered by a stimulus, the greater the intensity of the sensation.
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66
A neuronʹs resting potential is due in large part to the diffusion of K+ ions out of the cell, leaving the negatively charged DNA and proteins inside the cell.
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67
As the resting membrane potential of a neuron nears threshold, it becomes harder to stimulate.
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68
An influx of calcium ions causes vesicles to fuse with the presynaptic membrane and release neurotransmitter into the synapse.
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69
Interneurons connect sensory and motor neurons.
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70
A good meal and a pleasant evening relaxing in front of the fire trigger the parasympathetic nervous system.
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71
The control centers for breathing, blood pressure, and heart rate are located in the medulla.
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72
At a chemical synapse, the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons touch and chemicals are exchanged through gap junctions.
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73
The more complex the organism, the more likely it is to have nerve net.
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74
Effectors pick up sensory stimuli.
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75
Smooth muscle responses are controlled by the somatic nervous system.
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76
Myelinated axons conduct action potentials more slowly than axons without a myelin covering.
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77
Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system responses usually oppose each other.
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78
The concentrations of ions inside and outside of a neuron are maintained by sodium-chloride (Na+-Cl−) pumps.
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79
The stronger the stimulus, the more powerful the action potential.
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80
Emotions and the responses to emotions are controlled by the limbic system.
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