Deck 22: The Diversity of Plants

Question 1

The cells of a gametophyte are

A) triploid.
B) haploid.
C) tetraploid.
D) diploid.
E) unable to divide by mitosis.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

To limit water loss, land plants developed

A) stomata.
B) a cuticle.
C) flowers.
D) vascular tissue.
E) lignin.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following supports the idea that land plants arose from green algae?

A) Both are multicellular.
B) Both contain lignin in their cell walls.
C) Both photosynthesize.
D) Green algae live in freshwater environments, and plants require fresh water.
E) Both utilize chlorophylls a and b.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Pollen and seeds evolved in response to

A) the evolution of flowers.
B) seed predators.
C) living on dry land.
D) an increase in pollinators.
E) living in a moist environment.

Question 5

Which of these is an advantage shared by early plants that invaded land?

A) Fewer predators
B) Increased sunlight availability
C) Increased support against gravity
D) A and B
E) All of the above

Question 6

In plants, the haploid, single-celled product of mitosis is a

A) sporophyte.
B) gametophyte.
C) zygote.
D) spore.
E) gamete.

Question 7

To strengthen the conducting cells and help plants stand erect without water for them to float in, land plants developed

A) stomata.
B) a cuticle.
C) flowers.
D) vascular tissue.
E) lignin.

Question 8

The plant kingdom contains all of the descendants of the common ancestor of its members. This kingdom therefore would be called a(n)

A) angiosperm.
B) sporophyte.
C) node.
D) stoma.
E) clade.

Question 9

To control the movement of gases, land plants developed

A) stomata.
B) a cuticle.
C) flowers.
D) vascular tissue.
E) lignin.

Question 10

Green algae are assumed to be ancestors of plants because

A) the fossil ancestors have been discovered.
B) green algae are almost exclusively marine.
C) green algae make cellulose and starch.
D) lignin is known to occur in some green algae.
E) green algae make chitin and laminarin.

Question 11

Specific cells of diploid sporophytes undergo meiosis to produce

A) haploid, single-celled gametes.
B) haploid, single-celled spores.
C) diploid, multicellular spores.
D) diploid, multicellular gametes.
E) a diploid, single-celled zygote.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the function of flowers is TRUE?

A) They attract pollinators.
B) They aid in the dispersal of seeds.
C) They provide nutrients to the embryo.
D) They protect seeds until they are mature.
E) They attract seed dispersers.

Question 13

On a trip to the beach, you find a multicellular organism whose cells have chloroplasts and cell walls. Based on this description, you know that the organism could be a brown alga, a red alga, a green alga, or a land plant washed into the ocean. The presence of which of the following would allow you to definitively identify this organism as a plant?

A) Cellulose
B) Multicellular embryo
C) Alternation of generations
D) Chlorophyll a
E) Starch

Question 14

With respect to plant reproduction, there has been an evolutionary trend toward

A) larger fruits.
B) increased pollen production.
C) greater seed production.
D) smaller flowers.
E) sporophyte prominence.

Question 15

In plants, the haploid, multicellular organism is the

A) sporophyte.
B) gametophyte.
C) zygote.
D) spore.
E) gamete.

Question 16

In plants, the diploid, multicellular organism is the

A) sporophyte.
B) gametophyte.
C) zygote.
D) spore.
E) gamete.

Question 17

Both plants and green algae store food as

A) chlorophyll.
B) cellulose.
C) lignin.
D) starch.
E) lipids.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT one of the key adaptations to land shared by all land plants?

A) A means of taking up nutrients from the soil
B) Stomata
C) Waxy cuticle
D) Protected embryos
E) Water transport by xylem

Question 19

A fertilized egg is a

A) sporophyte.
B) gametophyte.
C) zygote.
D) spore.
E) gamete.

Question 20

The closest living relatives to plants are

A) stoneworts.
B) amoebas.
C) ciliates.
D) foraminferans.
E) red algae.

Question 21

Which group of plants was the first to produce seeds?

A) Gymnosperms
B) Bryophytes
C) Chlorophytes
D) Lycophytes
E) Angiosperms

Question 22

Bryophytes absorb water and nutrients through

A) rhizomes.
B) mycorrhizae.
C) rhizoids.
D) tracheophytes.
E) roots.

Question 23

Why canʹt you buy fern seeds from a garden supply store?

A) The seeds are extremely rare.
B) Fern seeds do not survive long after they are produced.
C) The seeds are too small to package.
D) Fern seeds must stay moist.
E) Ferns do not produce seeds.

Question 24

While walking in a tropical forest, you come upon a 6 -meter-tall plant that shows no evidence of seed production. The plant is most likely a(n)

A) gymnosperm.
B) fern.
C) alga.
D) bryophyte.
E) angiosperm.

Question 25

Which of the following groups is represented today by a single species?

A) Liverworts
B) Ginkgos
C) Conifers
D) Bryophytes
E) Cycads

Question 26

Why are mosses and liverworts dependent on water for reproduction?

A) Egg and sperm production occurs only when the plants are immersed in water.
B) Sperm are passively transported to eggs by water.
C) Eggs and sperm are released into water and then unite.
D) Sperm must swim through water to reach and fertilize eggs.
E) Eggs are passively transported to sperm by water.

Question 27

If you were hiking and wanted to show off your understanding of the differences between gymnosperms and angiosperms, what characteristics could you see with your naked eye that would help you impress your friends?

A) Presence or lack of spores
B) Size of the male gametophyte
C) Presence or lack of seeds
D) Flowers or cones
E) Presence or lack of vascular tissues

Question 28

Which group of land plants is most restricted to moist environments?

A) Bryophytes
B) Angiosperms
C) Anthophyta
D) Vascular plants
E) Tracheophytes

Question 29

Which group does NOT depend on water for reproduction?

A) Club mosses
B) Bryophytes
C) Flowering plants
D) Ferns
E) Algae

Question 30

Which of the following are important reproductive adaptations that allow plants to inhabit terrestrial environments?

A) Gametophytes and sporophytes
B) Roots and leaves
C) Seeds and pollen
D) Flowers and leaves
E) Leaves and stems

Question 31

Which of the following is a characteristic of nonvascular plants?

A) Small size
B) Extensive root system
C) Stems and leaves
D) Xylem and phloem
E) All of the above

Question 32

How do ferns differ from other seedless vascular plants?

A) The sporophyte is dominant.
B) They have broad leaves.
C) Their flowers are microscopic.
D) They lack xylem.
E) Their sperm are flagellated.

Question 33

What group dominated the Carboniferous period and is now burned as coal?

A) Seedless vascular plants
B) Conifers
C) Algae
D) Cycads
E) Angiosperms

Question 34

While walking along a streambed, you encounter a reedy seedless plant. Upon closer inspection, you determine that the stems contain large amounts of silica and have tiny scale -like leaves. This plant is most likely a

A) cycad.
B) moss.
C) fern.
D) horsetail.
E) liverwort.

Question 35

Which evolutionary plant innovation eliminated the need for sperm to swim through water in order to fertilize an egg, resulting in plants being truly adapted for reproduction on land?

A) Rhizoids
B) Fruit
C) Independent gametophyte
D) Pollen
E) Roots

Question 36

Which of the following weather conditions would you expect to have the greatest negative impact on the sexual reproduction of ferns and mosses?

A) Excessively wet and rainy
B) The shade of a forest
C) Excessively dry for several days
D) Moderate temperatures and rainfall
E) Above-average temperatures for several days

Question 37

In flowering plants, what is the relationship between the sporophyte and gametophyte?

A) Flowering plants do not produce sporophytes.
B) The sporophyte and gametophyte are independent of each other.
C) The sporophyte is dominant, and the gametophyte is retained on the sporophyte.
D) The gametophyte is dominant, and the sporophyte is microscopic.
E) Flowering plants do not produce gametophytes.

Question 38

Which of the following groups has been planted extensively along U.S. streets because of their resistance to pollution?

A) Conifers
B) Bryophytes
C) Liverworts
D) Ginkgos
E) Cycads

Question 39

You discover a new species of plant in a tropical rain forest. You observe that it has flagellated sperm and the sporophyte emerges from the gametophyte; however, seeds and xylem tissue is lacking. This plant is probably a(n)

A) gymnosperm.
B) fern.
C) angiosperm.
D) alga.
E) bryophyte.

Question 40

Which of the following are gymnosperms?

A) Cycads, conifers, and ferns
B) Ginkgos, conifers, and horsetails
C) Cycads, ginkgos, and conifers
D) Conifers, ginkgos, and ferns
E) Cycads, ginkgos, and ferns

Question 41

Which of the following is technically NOT a fruit?

A) Tomato
B) Pumpkin
C) Lettuce
D) Cucumber
E) Green pepper

Question 42

Gnetophytes are

A) bryophytes.
B) angiosperms.
C) nonflowering seed plants.
D) ferns.
E) seedless vascular plants.

Question 43

Most gymnosperms are pollinated by

A) wind.
B) insects.
C) birds.
D) lizards.
E) shrews.

Question 44

Cycads are classified as

A) angiosperms.
B) bryophytes.
C) seedless vascular plants.
D) gymnosperms.
E) ferns.

Question 45

In angiosperms, what is the male gametophyte?

A) A flower
B) A seed
C) Sperm
D) The anther
E) Pollen

Question 46

Horsetails are classified as

A) angiosperms.
B) bryophytes.
C) seedless vascular plants.
D) gymnosperms.
E) ferns.

Question 47

What major adaptations contributed to the success of the angiosperms?

A) Flowers and fruits
B) Broad leaves
C) Sap containing ʺantifreezeʺ
D) A and B
E) A and C

Question 48

Which of the following is a plant-derived heart medication?

A) Vinblastine
B) Codeine
C) Taxol
D) Morphine
E) Digoxin

Question 49

Pollen production by the anthers of a flower is characteristic of

A) ferns.
B) conifers.
C) mosses.
D) angiosperms.
E) ginkgos.

Question 50

A complete lack of vascular tissue is characteristic of

A) ginkgos.
B) ferns.
C) cycads.
D) mosses.
E) angiosperms.

Question 51

Fruit production requires precious resources. What important benefit does fruit provide?

A) Keeps the seed moist
B) Is a means of seed dispersal
C) Feeds the embryo
D) Prevents consumption of enclosed seeds
E) Attracts pollen eaters

Question 52

Why might a seed be covered in prickly hooks?

A) To aid in seed dispersal
B) To attract insects
C) To keep it from being eaten
D) To help the seed germinate
E) To allow it to float on water

Question 53

Which of the following relies on the wind for pollination?

A) Gardenia
B) Pine tree
C) Magnolia tree
D) Tulip
E) Stinking corpse lily

Question 54

Which of the following is most likely to be successful and thrive in a desert ecosystem?

A) Fern
B) Conifer
C) Horsetail
D) Angiosperm
E) Green alga

Question 55

Roses are classified as

A) angiosperms.
B) bryophytes.
C) seedless vascular plants.
D) gymnosperms.
E) ferns.

Question 56

Ginkgos are classified as

A) angiosperms.
B) bryophytes.
C) seedless vascular plants.
D) gymnosperms.
E) ferns.

Question 57

Plants provide us with a variety of goods. Which of the following is NOT provided by plants?

A) Cotton
B) Wood
C) Cooking oil
D) Pleasure
E) Nylon

Question 58

A fruit is a

A) female gametophyte.
B) mature ovule.
C) seed.
D) mature ovary.
E) plant embryo.

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT an ecological service performed by plants?

A) Reduce erosion by wind and water
B) Help create and maintain soil
C) Increase soil humidity
D) Produce oxygen as a by-product of photosynthesis
E) Capture solar energy

Question 60

Youʹve stumbled upon a thick mat of moss in the woods. Upon closer inspection, you observe sporophytes emerging from the gametophytes. From your previous biology course, you know that the sporophyte is attached to a(n)

A) antheridium.
B) female cone.
C) archegonium.
D) embryo sac.
E) flower.

Question 61

The__________ generation of a plant is diploid.

Question 62

The characteristic that sets plants apart from photosynthetic protists is the multicellular, dependent embryo.

Question 63

The __________generation of a plant is haploid.

Question 64

One function of the plant cuticle is to increase water uptake by roots.

Question 65

Fruits are a method of pollen dispersal.

Question 66

You find a multicellular, eukaryotic organism that carries out photosynthesis and produces dependent embryos. It is classified as a(n) __________.

Question 67

In nonvascular plants, sperm are formed in antheridia by mitosis.

Question 68

The cuticle of leaves and stems is one modification that enabled plants to move onto land.

Question 69

Club mosses and horsetails have vascular tissue.

Question 70

Cycads attract pollinators with large, fragrant flowers.

Question 71

In nonvascular plants, sperm are formed in the archegonia by meiosis.

Question 72

Plants increase the rate at which water leaves terrestrial ecosystems.

Question 73

The haploid generation of a plant is called the sporophyte.

Question 74

Seeds allowed plants to colonize dry land.

Question 75

Some flowers are pollinated by bats.

Question 76

Gametophytes are multicellular plants that develop from reproductive cells called__________.

Question 77

Plants produce__________ by mitosis and __________by meiosis.

Question 78

Plants remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

Question 79

Mosses produce large amounts of pollen.

Question 80

The only seedless vascular plants with broad leaves are ferns.