Deck 10: Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Question 1

Sexual reproduction

A) requires less tissue differentiation than asexual reproduction.
B) produces genetic clones and requires less tissue differentiation than asexual reproduction.
C) leads to uniform characteristics in a population.
D) results in new combinations of genetic traits.
E) produces genetic clones.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In humans, gametes contain

A) 1 autosome and 22 sex chromosomes.
B) 22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome.
C) 22 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes.
D) 45 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome.
E) 1 autosome and 45 sex chromosomes.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Four of the five answers listed below are haploid. Select the exception.

A) Zygote
B) Gametophyte
C) Egg
D) Meiospore
E) Sperm

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Sea stars are genetically different from each other and from their parents. These genetic differences are the result of

A) cloning.
B) asexual reproduction.
C) mitosis.
D) sexual reproduction.

Question 5

An advantage of sexual reproduction and meiosis is that

A) production of gametes generates energy.
B) it increases genetic diversity.
C) organisms remain stable in a changing environment.
D) many offspring are produced in a short period of time.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT associated with meiosis?

A) Germ cells
B) Reduction of number of chromosomes
C) Sperm and egg
D) Sexual reproduction
E) Somatic cells

Question 7

Four of the five answers listed below are characteristic of meiosis. Select the exception.

A) Involves synapsis
B) Produces haploid cells
C) Involves two divisions
D) Reduces the number of chromosomes
E) Results in producing genetically identical cells

Question 8

Through meiosis

A) offspring are provided with new gene combinations.
B) the diploid chromosome number is reduced to haploid.
C) parental DNA is divided and distributed to forming gametes.
D) alternate forms of genes are shuffled.
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 9

Asexually produced daughter cells are

A) identical to each other.
B) different from each other.
C) different from parental cell.
D) identical to the parental cell.
E) identical to each other and to the parental cell.

Question 10

In humans, the male determines the sex of the child because males have

A) one X and one Y chromosome.
B) two Y chromosomes.
C) two X chromosomes.
D) 46 chromosomes.

Question 11

Strictly speaking, mitosis and meiosis are divisions of the

A) nucleus.
B) cytoplasm.
C) chromosomes.
D) nucleus and chromosomes.
E) nucleus, cytoplasm, and chromosomes.

Question 12

Different, or alternative, forms of the same gene are called

A) chromatids.
B) alleles.
C) homologous.
D) mutants.
E) genetomorphs.

Question 13

Meiosis typically results in the production of

A) two haploid cells.
B) four diploid cells.
C) four haploid cells.
D) two diploid cells.
E) one triploid cell.

Question 14

If meiosis did NOT occur in sexually reproducing organisms

A) gametes would be haploid.
B) the chromosome number would double in each generation.
C) growth of the zygote would be halted.
D) mitosis would be sufficient.
E) eggs would be haploid, but sperm would be diploid.

Question 15

Homologous chromosomes

A) may exchange parts during meiosis.
B) pair up during meiosis.
C) are in pairs, one chromosome of each pair from the father and one from the mother.
D) have alleles for the same characteristics even though the gene expression may not be the same.
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 16

Which is NOT a typical site for the occurrence of meiosis?

A) Plant anther
B) Plant ovary
C) Plant root cells
D) Human ovary
E) Human testis

Question 17

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A) In asexual reproduction, the parent passes a complete set of genes to its offspring.
B) Sexual reproduction produces clones.
C) Sexual reproduction puts together new combinations of genes.
D) In sexual reproduction, both meiosis and fertilization must occur during the life cycle.
E) In sexual reproduction, a human offspring receives two genes for every trait.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT true of human chromosomes?

A) The diploid number is 46.
B) The haploid number is 23.
C) Human gametes end up with one of each type of 23 chromosomes.
D) Human gametes end up with two of each type of 23 chromosomes.
E) There are 23 pairs of chromosomes.

Question 19

Copies of chromosomes linked together at their centromeres at the beginning of meiosis are appropriately called what kind of chromatids?

A) Daughter
B) Homologous
C) Sister
D) Mother

Question 20

The process of meiosis

A) begins with diploid cells and ends with diploid cells.
B) begins with haploid cells and ends with diploid cells.
C) begins with diploid cells and ends with haploid cells.
D) begins with haploid cells and ends with haploid cells.

Question 21

Crossing over

A) involves breakages and exchanges between sister chromatids.
B) alters the composition of chromosomes and results in new combinations of alleles being channeled into the daughter cells.
C) generally results in synapsis and binary fission.
D) involves nucleoli.
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 22

If a mammal is born without the ability to produce EGF (epidermal growth factor), then its

A) Cdks will not function properly.
B) licked wounds will heal faster than usual.
C) cell cycles will not contain the proper checkpoints.
D) ability to increase cell division when needed would diminish.

Question 23

Which of the following distinguishes prophase 1 of meiosis from prophase of mitosis?

A) Chromosomes become visible.
B) Nuclear membrane breaks down.
C) Spindle forms.
D) Homologous chromosomes pair up.

Question 24

Some organisms are capable of asexual or sexual reproduction. Under favorable conditions, reproduction proceeds asexually. When conditions become more stressful, reproduction switches to a sexual mode. Why?

A) Sexual reproduction is simple and more rapid, allowing larger numbers of offspring to be produced.
B) Sexual reproduction produces individuals with new combinations of recombined chromosomes increasing diversity.
C) Sexual reproduction requires two separate individuals who can mutually provide nutrient support during stress.
D) Asexual reproduction requires more energy.

Question 25

Sexual reproduction allows for

A) clones of parent cells to be produced more quickly and efficiently than does prokaryotic fission.
B) greater genetic diversity in offspring compared to asexual reproduction.
C) haploid individuals to pass their genes on to the next generation.
D) random mutations to occur at a faster rate than does asexual reproduction.

Question 26

The sex-determining chromosomes of a human male are the

A) Z and Z chromosomes.
B) X and X chromosomes.
C) Y and Y chromosomes.
D) X and Y chromosomes.
E) Y and Z chromosomes.

Question 27

Meiotic cell division in animals occurs in the__________ and results in the production of_________ .

A) testes and ovaries; diploid cells
B) testes and ovaries; gametes
C) body cells; daughter cells
D) body cells; parent cells

Question 28

During meiosis II

A) sister chromatids of each chromosome are separated from each other.
B) homologous chromosomes synapse.
C) homologous chromosomes separate.
D) sister chromatids exchange parts.
E) cytokinesis results in the formation of a total of two cells.

Question 29

A photograph of all the stained, prepared chromosomes in a eukaryotic cell is referred to as a

A) karyotype.
B) telomere.
C) chromatid.
D) centromere.

Question 30

Chromatids are

A) attached at the centriole.
B) attached at their centromeres.
C) a pair of chromosomes, one from the mother and one from the father.
D) identical until crossing over occurs.
E) attached at their centromeres and are identical until crossing over occurs.

Question 31

Which type of eukaryotic cell contains two types of each chromosome?

A) A haploid cell
B) A meiotically produced cell
C) A gamete
D) A diploid cell

Question 32

In a typical human body (somatic) cell, how many total chromosomes are there?

A) 1
B) 46
C) 23
D) 2

Question 33

Chiasmata (or chiasma) provide evidence of

A) chromosomal aberration.
B) spindle fiber formation.
C) crossing over.
D) fertilization.
E) meiosis.

Question 34

A typical human body cell contains how many sex chromosomes?

A) 46
B) 2
C) 23
D) 1

Question 35

In comparing mitosis and meiosis, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Chromatids are present only in mitosis.
B) Meiosis I is more like mitosis than is meiosis II.
C) Meiosis II resembles mitosis.
D) Both processes result in four cells.
E) Synapsis occurs in both.

Question 36

Independent assortment refers to which of the following statements?

A) A maternal chromosome may move toward either pole while the paternal homologue moves toward the other.
B) The position where crossing over occurs is random.
C) The pole that any one chromosome moves toward is completely independent of the movement of the other 45 chromosomes in humans.
D) The sperm that fertilizes the egg is selected at random.
E) None of the choices is correct.

Question 37

The different forms of a gene-for example, those responsible for eye color-are called

A) cyclins.
B) alleles.
C) sister chromatids.
D) telomeres.
E) receptors.

Question 38

Alternative forms of a gene (such as those responsible for eye color) are called

A) telomeres.
B) receptors.
C) alleles.
D) sister chromatids.
E) cyclins.

Question 39

Synapsis and crossing over occur during

A) metaphase II.
B) prophase II.
C) anaphase I.
D) telophase II.
E) prophase I.

Question 40

At the beginning of prophase I, a total of_________ molecules of DNA are contained in a developing human sperm cell.

A) twice as many (as compared to mature sperm)
B) 46
C) 92
D) half as many (as compared to somatic cells)
E) 23

Question 41

Paired homologous chromosomes are found at the spindle equator during

A) metaphase I.
B) metaphase II.
C) anaphase II.
D) prophase II.
E) telophase I.

Question 42

How many total haploid cells are produced by one diploid cell during meiosis?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 1
D) 8 million

Question 43

If a child more strongly resembles one parentʹs physical traits than the other parentʹs, the explanation could be due to chromosome movements during

A) telophase I.
B) metaphase II.
C) anaphase II.
D) anaphase I.
E) prophase II.

Question 44

The diploid number of chromosomes on a human skin cell is 46. What is the number of chromosomes found in a human egg cell?

A) 92
B) 23
C) 46
D) 184
E) 12.5

Question 45

What is one difference in mitosis and meiosis during anaphase I?

A) Crossing over occurs only in anaphase of mitosis.
B) The chromosomes line up at the equator in anaphase I.
C) Chromatids do not separate at the centromere in anaphase I.
D) Centromeres do not exist in anaphase I.

Question 46

Which of the following events does NOT occur in prophase II but does occur in prophase I?

A) Crossing over and synapsis only
B) Crossing over, synapsis, and spindle formation
C) Spindle formation
D) Synapsis
E) Crossing over

Question 47

Crossing over

A) is followed immediately by separation of each of the chromatids.
B) increases variability in gametes.
C) occurs between sister chromatids.
D) prevents genetic recombination.
E) results in only one exchange per homologue.

Question 48

The diploid number of chromosomes in mammals is always
A) an even number.

A) an odd number.
B) 2.
B) 46.
E) 23.

Question 49

Sister chromatids are separated from each other during

A) metaphase II.
B) telophase II.
C) anaphase II.
D) anaphase I.
E) metaphase I.

Question 50

Crossing over is one of the most important events in meiosis because

A) homologous chromatids must be separated into different daughter cells.
B) homologous chromosomes must be separated into different daughter cells.
C) the number of chromosomes allotted to each daughter cell must be halved.
D) it produces new arrays of alleles on chromosomes.
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 51

Which of the following does NOT provide new genetic combinations?

A) Cytokinesis
B) Independent assortment
C) Crossing over
D) Random fertilization

Question 52

Major gene reshuffling takes place during

A) anaphase II.
B) prophase I.
C) anaphase I.
D) metaphase I.
E) metaphase II.

Question 53

Which of the following occurs during meiosis?

A) Diploid nuclei with paired chromosomes are produced from haploid parent nuclei with unpaired chromosomes.
B) Diploid nuclei with unpaired chromosomes are produced from haploid parent nuclei with paired chromosomes.
C) Haploid nuclei with unpaired chromosomes are produced from diploid parent nuclei with paired chromosomes.
D) Haploid nuclei with paired chromosomes are produced from diploid parent nuclei with unpaired chromosomes.

Question 54

Which of the following occurs as a result of meiosis?

A) Haploid nuclei with unpaired chromosomes are produced from diploid parent nuclei with paired chromosomes.
B) Diploid nuclei with paired chromosomes are produced from haploid parent nuclei with unpaired chromosomes.
C) Haploid nuclei with paired chromosomes are produced from diploid parent nuclei with unpaired chromosomes.
D) Diploid nuclei with unpaired chromosomes are produced from haploid parent nuclei with paired chromosomes.

Question 55

Which of the following does NOT produce variation?

A) Asexual reproduction
B) Crossing over
C) Sexual reproduction
D) Random alignment of chromosomes during meiosis
E) Genetic recombination of alleles

Question 56

Which of the following is unique to mitosis and not a part of meiosis?

A) Homologous chromosomes cross over.
B) Chromatids are separated during anaphase.
C) Homologous chromosomes pair, forming bivalents.
D) Homologous chromosomes behave independently.

Question 57

Which of the following does NOT occur in prophase I of meiosis?

A) Condensation of chromatin
B) Tetrad formation
C) Synapsis
D) Crossing over
E) Cytokinesis

Question 58

Anaphase

A) is initiated when the newly divided centromeres begin to move apart.
B) results in an unequal distribution of chromosomes to the resulting cells.
C) involves the lining up of the chromosomes across the equatorial plate.
D) is the same in mitosis and meiosis I and II.

Question 59

How many total daughter cells are produced from each parent cell as a result of meiosis?

A) Millions
B) One
C) Four
D) Two

Question 60

Under favorable conditions, during which phase of meiosis will the chromosomes appear as packets of four chromatids?

A) Prophase I
B) Anaphase II
C) Telophase II
D) Metaphase II
E) Anaphase I

Question 61

During meiosis, the cytokinesis that follows telophase II results in

A) four haploid cells.
B) four diploid cells.
C) two haploid cells.
D) two diploid cells.

Question 62

Crossing over takes place between sister chromatids during prophase I of meiosis I.

Question 63

In meiosis, sister chromatids separate during

A) prophase I.
B) anaphase I.
C) cytokinesis.
D) prophase II.
E) anaphase II.

Question 64

Mutations may be detrimental, beneficial, or neutral to the cell or organism in which they occur.

Question 65

A duplicated chromosome consists of two sister chromatids.

Question 66

Which of the following cell cycles is represented by ferns and other plants?

A) Haploid life cycle
B) Alternation of generations
C) Diploid life cycle

Question 67

In eukaryotes, gametes are produced by

A) meiosis.
B) mitosis.
C) budding.
D) prokaryotic fission.

Question 68

In flowering plants, pollen represents the

A) diploid stage.
B) haploid stage.
C) zygote.

Question 69

During meiosis, maternal, and paternal chromosomes can exchange genetic material at sites called

A) chiasmata.
B) centromeres.
C) centrioles.
D) chromatids.

Question 70

How many haploid cells are produced by one diploid cell during meiosis?

A) One
B) 8 million
C) Two
D) Four

Question 71

How does anaphase of mitosis differ from anaphase I of meiosis?

A) In anaphase of mitosis, sister chromatids separate, but in anaphase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate.
B) Sister chromatids do not separate in mitosis, but in anaphase I of meiosis, sister chromosomes do separate.
C) In anaphase of mitosis, homologous chromosomes separate, but in anaphase I of meiosis, sister chromatids separate.
D) In anaphase of mitosis, sister chromatids join together, but in anaphase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes join together.

Question 72

In the alternation of generations life cycle, adults may be

A) diploid only.
B) haploid or diploid.
C) haploid only.
D) neither haploid nor diploid.

Question 73

When gametes fuse during fertilization, a(n) _________is produced.

A) egg
B) haploid individual
C) sperm
D) zygote

Question 74

How many daughter cells are produced from each parent cell during meiosis?

A) Four
B) One
C) Two
D) Millions

Question 75

In a haploid daughter cell produced by meiosis, the homologous chromosomes have

A) mutated.
B) remained attached.
C) separated.
D) multiplied.

Question 76

All of the following are expected to result in genetic variation among offspring EXCEPT

A) crossing over.
B) prokaryotic fission.
C) random assortment of parental chromosomes.
D) mutations.

Question 77

Chiasmata are the locations of

A) mitosis.
B) sister chromatid attachment.
C) crossing over.
D) meiosis.

Question 78

Sister chromatids are also referred to as homologues or homologous chromosomes.

Question 79

Which of the following cell cycles is represented by birds?

A) Alternation of generations
B) Haploid life cycle
C) Diploid life cycle

Question 80

What is a major difference between mitosis and meiosis?

A) Meiosis produces genetically identical daughter cells, whereas mitosis produces genetically variable daughter cells.
B) Mitosis produces daughter cells, whereas meiosis produces parent cells.
C) Meiosis produces haploid cells, whereas mitosis produces diploid cells.
D) Meiosis produces two daughter cells instead of the four daughter cells produced in mitosis.