Deck 8: Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Question 1

Which event occurs in the fluid portion of the cytoplasm of a cell undergoing glucose metabolism?

A) Krebs cycle
B) Acetyl CoA formation
C) Electron transport
D) Chemiosmosis
E) Glycolysis

Answer 1

E

Question 2

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP molecules produced from one glucose molecule?

A) 4
B) 36
C) 34
D) 2
E) No ATP molecules are produced during glycolysis.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following statements is TRUE of glycolysis?

A) It produces a net gain of ATP.
B) It produces more ATP than does aerobic respiration.
C) It can be performed only by bacteria.
D) It only takes place under anaerobic conditions.
E) It produces a net gain of FADH.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

All of the following are true statements about ATP EXCEPT that it is

A) a short-term energy-storage compound.
B) the cellʹs principal compound for energy transfers.
C) the molecule that all living cells rely on to do work.
D) synthesized only within mitochondria.

Question 5

At the end of glycolysis, the original carbons of the glucose molecule form

A) six molecules of carbon dioxide.
B) two molecules of pyruvate.
C) two molecules of NADH.
D) two molecules of fructose.
E) two molecules of citric acid.

Question 6

For bacteria to continue growing rapidly when they shift from an aerobic environment to an anaerobic environment, they must

A) increase the rate of glucose production.
B) increase the rate of glycolysis.
C) produce ATP using NADH.
D) increase the rate of the Krebs cycle.
E) produce more ATP per molecule of glucose during glycolysis.

Question 7

During cellular respiration, the pyruvate produced in glycolysis is

A) broken down to O2 and hydrogen.
B) the source of electrons for NADH and FADH2.
C) transported out of the mitochondria.
D) converted to lactate or ethanol.

Question 8

During aerobic respiration in cells, about of the chemical energy in a metabolized glucose molecule is used for ATP production and the rest is released as heat.

A) 25%
B) 40%
C) more than 90%
D) less than 1%

Question 9

In the glucose activation stage of glycolysis, glucose receives a phosphate group from ATP. This reaction is

A) exergonic.
B) endergonic.
C) fermentation.
D) respiration.

Question 10

The overall products of glycolysis are

A) ATP, NADH, and acetyl CoA.
B) ATP and pyruvate only.
C) ATP, NADH, FADH2, and CO2.
D) ATP, NADH, pyruvate, and FADH2.
E) ATP, NADH, and pyruvate.

Question 11

During the glucose activation stage of glycolysis

A) two ATP molecules are used to make one fructose bisphosphate molecule.
B) there is a net gain of two ATP molecules.
C) there is a conversion of two G3P molecules to two pyruvate molecules.
D) fructose bisphosphate is split into two G3P molecules.
E) there is a net gain of four ATP molecules.

Question 12

Which kind of metabolic poison would interfere with the glycolysis stage of cellular respiration?

A) An agent that binds to lactate and inactivates it
B) An agent that reacts with FADH2 and oxidizes FAD+
C) An agent that inhibits the formation of acetyl CoA
D) An agent that reacts with oxygen and depletes its concentration in the cell
E) An agent that closely mimics the structure of glucose but is not capable of being metabolized and broken down

Question 13

If no oxygen is available to a cell, then the net ATP production resulting from the metabolism of a single glucose molecule is

A) no ATP.
B) 32 ATP molecules.
C) 36 ATP molecules.
D) 2 ATP molecules.
E) 1 ATP molecule.

Question 14

Where does the production of pyruvate occur during glycolysis?

A) Intermembrane compartment
B) Inner membrane
C) Ribosomes
D) Mitochondrial matrix
E) Cytoplasmic fluid

Question 15

The end product of glycolysis is

A) one lactate molecule.
B) two citric acid molecules.
C) one G3P molecule.
D) two pyruvate molecules.
E) two NAD+ molecules.

Question 16

The main function of cellular respiration is to produce

A) ATP.
B) CO2.
C) NADH and FADH2.
D) glucose.

Question 17

If glucose is metabolized under completely anaerobic conditions, pyruvate

A) immediately enters the Krebs cycle.
B) is converted to NADH.
C) leaves the fluid portion of the cytoplasm and enters the mitochondrial matrix.
D) is converted back to fructose until the concentration of oxygen increases.
E) is converted by fermentation to lactate or CO2 + ethanol.

Question 18

What molecule is common to both C3 photosynthesis and the process of glycolysis?

A) Fructose
B) Pyruvate
C) Acetyl CoA
D) NADPH
E) G3P

Question 19

The anaerobic breakdown of glucose is called

A) cellular respiration.
B) the Krebs cycle.
C) chemiosmosis.
D) phosphorylation.
E) fermentation.

Question 20

During glycolysis in the energy-investing stage, two ATP molecules are ʺspentʺ to convert glucose to the highly reactive molecule

A) glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
B) NADH.
C) fructose bisphosphate.
D) FADH2.
E) pyruvate.

Question 21

If ATP is made in the mitochondria, how does it provide energy for reactions in the cytoplasm of the cell?

A) ATP diffuses into the cytoplasm through large pores in the outer membrane of the mitochondria out.
B) ATP is used to make glucose, which is transported to the cytoplasm.
C) ATP is pumped out from the intermembrane space of the mitochondria to the cytoplasm.
D) The energy in ATP is converted to NADH, which travels to the cytoplasm.
E) ATP is converted to ADP, which is transported to the cytoplasm and converted back to ATP.

Question 22

We breathe more heavily during exercise because our cells

A) need more ADP to be converted to ATP.
B) need more glucose to be broken down.
C) are producing more CO2 and need to get rid of it.

Question 23

The metabolic breakdown of one molecule of glucose generates the greatest amount of ATP energy during

A) glycolysis.
B) fermentation.
C) mitochondrial matrix reactions.
D) the Krebs cycle.
E) ETC.

Question 24

Which of the following most closely matches the correct order of the main events of aerobic cellular respiration?

A) Glycolysis, major ATP production, pyruvate enters the mitochondrion, ETC, Krebs cycle
B) Major ATP production, pyruvate enters the mitochondrion, Krebs cycle, ETC
C) Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, ETC, major ATP production
D) Glycolysis, pyruvate enters the mitochondrion, Krebs cycle, major ATP production, ETC
E) Krebs cycle, ETC, major ATP production, glycolysis

Question 25

Which of the following is an example of an electron-carrier molecule?

A) NADH
B) Acetyl CoA
C) Citric acid
D) CO2
E) ATP

Question 26

What is the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration?

A) NADH
B) FADH2
C) ATP
D) Oxygen
E) Carbon dioxide

Question 27

Oxygen is necessary for cellular respiration because oxygen

A) combines with carbon to form carbon dioxide.
B) combines with electrons and hydrogen ions to form water.
C) combines with electrons to form CO2.
D) combines with carbon dioxide and water to form glucose.
E) reduces glucose to form carbon dioxide and water.

Question 28

How many CO2 molecules are generated from each pyruvate molecule that enters the mitochondrial matrix?

A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four
E) Five

Question 29

In aerobic cellular respiration, the ETC receives electrons directly from

A) NADH only.
B) FADH2 only.
C) NADH and ATP.
D) NADH and FADH2.
E) ATP only.

Question 30

During which step of aerobic respiration is oxygen used?

A) Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA
B) Electron transport chain (ETC)
C) Fermentation
D) Krebs cycle
E) Glycolysis

Question 31

Some of the CO2 that is exhaled during breathing is created during

A) the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA.
B) chemiosmosis.
C) glycolysis.
D) fermentation.
E) the reduction of oxygen in the ETC.

Question 32

From the beginning of glycolysis to the end of the Krebs cycle (excluding the ETC), what has the cell gained from the breakdown of each molecule of glucose?

A) 2 molecules of ATP, 4 of NADH, and 2 of FADH 2
B) 2 molecules of ATP and 6 of NADH
C) 4 molecules of ATP, 10 of NADH, and 2 of FADH2
D) 2 molecules of pyruvate
E) 2 molecules of ATP, lactate, and NAD+

Question 33

The products of the Krebs cycle include

A) carbon dioxide only.
B) ATP, carbon dioxide, and energy carriers.
C) energy carriers only.
D) carbon dioxide and energy carriers only.
E) ATP only.

Question 34

The step in aerobic respiration that produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose is

A) the ETC.
B) alcohol fermentation.
C) glycolysis.
D) the citric acid cycle.
E) lactate fermentation.

Question 35

In the mitochondrial matrix reactions, the original carbons in pyruvate

A) form the backbone chain of citric acid.
B) form the ring structure of oxaloacetic acid.
C) form glucose.
D) end up in molecules of CO2.
E) are incorporated into molecules of NADH and FADH 2.

Question 36

During the final events of cellular respiration, oxygen combines with to form .

A) energy-depleted electrons and carbon; CO2
B) carbon only; CO2
C) energy-depleted electrons only; water
D) hydrogen ions only; water
E) energy-depleted electrons and hydrogen ions; water

Question 37

Chemiosmosis in mitochondria directly results in the synthesis of

A) NADH.
B) acetyl CoA.
C) H2O.
D) FADH2.
E) ATP.

Question 38

The part of a mitochondrion that is analogous to the stroma of a chloroplast is the

A) grana.
B) matrix.
C) inner membrane.
D) outer membrane.
E) thylakoids.

Question 39

Which of the following parts of the mitochondria is (are) directly involved in the synthesis of ATP during chemiosmosis?

A) Inner membrane only
B) Matrix only
C) Matrix and inner membrane
D) Outer membrane only
E) Inner and outer membranes

Question 40

To be able to continue, each turn of the Krebs cycle must regenerate which of the following as a final product?

A) NADH and FADH2
B) ATP
C) Pyruvate
D) Oxaloacetate
E) Acetyl CoA

Question 41

Suppose an organism can alternate between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. If it had to use anaerobic respiration exclusively, how many glucose molecules must it break down to generate the same ATP as it would in aerobic respiration?

A) 38
B) 14
C) 19
D) 1
E) 6

Question 42

Within a cell undergoing anaerobic metabolism of glucose, fermentation occurs in the

A) fluid portion of the cytoplasm.
B) nucleus.
C) mitochondrial matrix.
D) phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane.
E) stroma of the chloroplast.

Question 43

In vertebrate animal cells, where does the synthesis of lactate occur?

A) Mitochondrial inner membranes
B) Mitochondrial matrix
C) Fluid portion of the cytoplasm
D) Surface of ribosomes
E) Nucleus

Question 44

In the absence of oxygen, suppose a single yeast cell undergoes fermentation and uses 100 molecules of glucose. How many molecules of ATP will be generated?

A) 400
B) 300
C) 100
D) 200
E) 36

Question 45

After fermentation in human cells, lactate is converted to pyruvate in the

A) heart.
B) bone marrow.
C) muscles.
D) bloodstream.
E) lungs.

Question 46

During which of the following processes is CO2 produced?

A) The ETC
B) The Krebs cycle
C) Glycolysis

Question 47

When oxygen is present

A) most animals convert CO2 to glucose.
B) most animal cells utilize aerobic cellular respiration.
C) most animal cells carry on fermentation and produce lactate.
D) two ATP molecules are produced for each glucose molecule.
E) most bacteria and yeasts carry on fermentation.

Question 48

The term chemiosmosis is associated with which process?

A) The ETC
B) Glycolysis
C) The Krebs cycle
D) Fermentation

Question 49

What is the significance of the conversion of pyruvate to lactate during fermentation?

A) The oxidation of pyruvate becomes possible.
B) The citric acid cycle is initiated.
C) ATP is produced at a higher rate.
D) NAD+ is regenerated for use in glycolysis.
E) Pyruvate becomes available to enter mitochondrial matrix reactions.

Question 50

During which of the following processes is ATP NOT produced?

A) Cellular respiration by itself
B) Glycolysis by itself
C) Fermentation by itself

Question 51

The inner membrane of the mitochondria can be compared functionally to the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast because both contain a system for

A) enzyme synthesis.
B) anaerobic respiration.
C) electron transport.
D) glucose synthesis.
E) pyruvate production.

Question 52

Which of the following processes occurs in the cytoplasm?

A) Glycolysis
B) The Krebs cycle
C) The ETC

Question 53

Which of the following processes requires oxygen?

A) Glycolysis
B) The ETC
C) The Krebs cycle
D) Fermentation

Question 54

During the fermentation of one molecule of glucose, the net production of ATP is

A) eight molecules.
B) one molecule.
C) two molecules.
D) three molecules.
E) six molecules.

Question 55

As a bicyclist pedals up a hill to the finish line of a race and ʺfeels the burnʺ in his leg muscles, those muscle cells are most likely utilizing

A) only cellular respiration for maximum ATP production.
B) only oxygen for maximum ATP production.
C) both cellular respiration and oxygen for maximum ATP production.
D) some lactate fermentation and lactic starting to build up in his muscle tissue causing a cramp.

Question 56

Which step produces the most ATP?

A) Glycolysis
B) The Krebs cycle
C) The ETC

Question 57

Which of the following processes involves citric acid?

A) The ETC
B) The Krebs cycle
C) Glycolysis

Question 58

Which of the following processes occurs across the mitochondrial membrane?

A) Glycolysis
B) The Krebs cycle
C) The ETC

Question 59

Which of the following is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration?

A) Reduction of pyruvate to lactate
B) Glycolysis
C) Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA
D) Krebs cycle
E) Electron transport

Question 60

Which of the following processes involves hydrogen ions moving through ATP synthase channels, generating ATP molecules?

A) Glycolysis
B) The Krebs cycle
C) The ETC

Question 61

End products of the different fermentation processes include all of the following EXCEPT

A) carbon dioxide.
B) water.
C) ethanol.
D) lactate.

Question 62

Which of the following metabolic processes directly utilizes oxygen?

A) Glycolysis
B) Alcohol fermentation
C) Lactic acid fermentation
D) ETC

Question 63

Cyanide poisoning occurs because cyanide inhibits an enzyme in the electron transport pathway. Which of the following is the reason why cyanide poisoning becomes deadly?

A) Glycolysis stops.
B) ATP is no longer produced by chemiosmosis.
C) Oxygen is reduced to water.
D) Cells switch to anaerobic fermentation.

Question 64

Some plans for weight loss include eating a low-carbohydrate diet. In the absence of a lot of glucose in the diet, what other food molecules can be used to extract energy for cellular respiration?

A) Protein and fats
B) Fats only
C) Protein only

Question 65

Most of the ATP produced during cellular respiration is generated in the mitochondrial
after the movement of hydrogen ions through ATP -synthesizing proteins in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.

Question 66

Bacteria in our mouths feed off the sugars in foods that we eat. As these bacteria ferment the sugars, they generate a product that can cause dental cavities. What is this product?

A) Hydrochloric acid
B) Citric acid
C) Pyruvate
D) Lactic acid
E) Acetyl CoA

Question 67

The organelles responsible for the bulk of ATP production via cellular respiration are the
.

Question 68

During chemiosmosis, a hydrogen ion gradient is linked to the production of ATP.

Question 69

In the cell, more than half of the energy produced by the metabolic breakdown of glucose is released as and the remaining energy is stored in .

Question 70

How do fatigued human muscle cells repay an ʺoxygen debtʺ?

A) The cells convert lactate back to pyruvate.
B) The cells convert glucose to pyruvate.
C) The cells produce more oxygen.
D) The cells decrease CO2 production.
E) The cells increase production of ATP.

Question 71

The process of fermentation is energetically more efficient than that of cellular respiration.

Question 72

The reason bread dough ʺrisesʺ is due to the production of

A) lactic acid.
B) carbon dioxide gas.
C) ethanol.
D) oxygen gas.

Question 73

is a series of reactions, occurring under aerobic conditions, in which large amounts of ATP are produced from the breakdown of glucose.

Question 74

is the first stage in glucose metabolism and does not require oxygen.

Question 75

At the end of aerobic cellular respiration, how many total carbon dioxide molecules are produced for each glucose metabolized?

A) 6
B) 32
C) 2
D) 4
E) 36

Question 76

Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle reactions both occur in the mitochondria.

Question 77

In human muscle cells, fermentation (by itself) produces

A) water.
B) adenosine triphosphate.
C) lactate.
D) pyruvate.

Question 78

Human muscle cells can perform

A) alcoholic fermentation, lactic acid fermentation, and aerobic cellular respiration.
B) aerobic cellular respiration.
C) lactic acid fermentation and aerobic cellular respiration.
D) alcoholic fermentation.
E) lactic acid fermentation.

Question 79

How does one account for the bubbles in a glass of beer or champagne?

A) Lactate fermentation accounts for the bubbles.
B) Bubbles of CO2 were formed by the yeast cells during glycolysis.
C) Bubbles of CO2 were produced by yeast during anaerobic metabolism and were trapped in the bottle.
D) The bubbles are simply air bubbles resulting from the brewing process.
E) Bubbles of CO2, produced by aerobic respiration in yeast cells, were trapped in the beverage at bottling.

Question 80

Carbon dioxide is considered a waste product of cellular respiration.