Deck 3: Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

A bacterial cell moving toward light would be an example of

A) tumbles.
B) positive chemotaxis.
C) negative phototaxis.
D) positive phototaxis.
E) negative chemotaxis.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is found only in eukaryotic cells?

A) cytoplasm
B) cytoplasmic membrane
C) DNA
D) nuclear envelope
E) ribosomes

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following bacterial cell structures plays an important role in the creation of biofilms?

A) fimbriae
B) pili
C) glycocalyces
D) flagella
E) both fimbriae and glycocalyces

Answer 3

E

Question 4

What anchors the bacterial flagellum to the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane?

A) the hook
B) the filament
C) a pilus
D) the basal body
E) fimbriae

Question 5

Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning the fluid mosaic model?

A) The phospholipids rotate across the bilayer from one face to the other.
B) Small water soluble molecules move freely across the bilayer.
C) The phospholipids form a rigid structure.
D) The integrated proteins are firmly cemented in place relative to each other.
E) Membrane proteins are free to move in two dimensions in the bilayer.

Question 6

ATP is expended in which of the following processes?

A) diffusion
B) facilitated diffusion
C) active transport
D) group translocation
E) both active transport and group translocation

Question 7

The cells illustrated in Figure 3-1 are in a(n) environment.

A) hypertonic
B) hypotonic
C) passive
D) isotonic
E) fluid mosaic

Question 8

Which of the following is unique to archaea?

A) LPS
B) pili
C) hami
D) fimbriae
E) peptidoglycan

Question 9

Which of the following may be a component of bacterial cell walls?

A) carrageenan
B) tubulin
C) both lipoteichoic and mycolic acids
D) mycolic acid
E) lipoteichoic acids

Question 10

The flagella of archaea are similar to bacterial flagella but differ in that they

A) move like a whip.
B) are anchored in the cytoplasm.
C) are driven by the flow of hydrogen ions.
D) are smaller in diameter and are not hollow.
E) lack a basal body.

Question 11

Which of the following statements concerning prokaryotic flagella is TRUE?

A) Prokaryotic flagella rotate like a drive shaft.
B) Treponema is an example of a bacterium that has a tuft of polar flagella.
C) Prokaryotic flagella are anchored in the cytoplasm.
D) A ʺrunʺ results from clockwise movement of the flagellum.
E) Prokaryotic flagella are composed of tubulin.

Question 12

Endospores survive a variety of harsh conditions in part because of the presence of

A) mycolic acid.
B) hopanoids.
C) dipicolinic acid.
D) lipopolysaccharide.
E) glycoproteins.

Question 13

Lipid A is a component of

A) cytoplasmic membranes.
B) mycolic acid.
C) lipopolysaccharides.
D) plant cell walls.
E) bacterial glycocalyces.

Question 14

Which of the following statements concerning fimbriae is TRUE?

A) Fimbriae facilitate the transfer of DNA among bacterial cells.
B) All bacteria have fimbriae.
C) A bacterial cell will usually have only one or two fimbriae.
D) Fimbriae are about as long as flagella.
E) Bacteria use fimbriae to attach to surfaces.

Question 15

Some bacteria have an outer layer composed of that protects them from desiccation and allows them to adhere to surfaces.

A) polysaccharides
B) polypeptides
C) nucleotides
D) waxes
E) either polypeptides or polysaccharides

Question 16

Using a microscope, you observe an amoeba moving toward a food source. This is an example of

A) cellular structure.
B) growth.
C) responsiveness.
D) metabolism.
E) reproduction.

Question 17

Which of the following statements concerning the characteristics of life is FALSE?

A) Reproduction is defined as an increase in the size of an organism.
B) Organisms may not exhibit all of the characteristics of life at all times.
C) Reproduction can occur asexually or sexually in living things.
D) Viruses have some, but not all, of the characteristics of living things.
E) Living things store metabolic energy in the form of chemicals such as ATP.

Question 18

Bacterial cell walls that are resistant to drying contain

A) tubulin.
B) waxes.
C) amino acids.
D) lipopolysaccharide.
E) carbohydrates.

Question 19

Lipid-soluble molecules would be expected to cross the cytoplasmic membrane by which of the following processes?

A) group translocation
B) osmosis
C) facilitated diffusion
D) active transport
E) diffusion

Question 20

Bacteria of the genus Mycoplasma lack cell walls. What sort of environment do they require for survival?

A) hypotonic
B) hypertonic
C) a biofilm
D) isotonic
E) low temperature

Question 21

Hopanoids are found in cytoplasmic membranes.

A) bacterial
B) eukaryotic
C) no
D) archaeal
E) prokaryotic

Question 22

The cytoplasmic membranes of contain phospholipids and proteins.

A) bacterial cells
B) archaeal cells
C) eukaryotic cells
D) both bacterial and eukaryotic cells
E) archaeal, bacterial, and eukaryotic cells

Question 23

Which of the following processes powers the rotation of the flagella of archaea?

A) a sodium ion gradient
B) contraction of cytoskeletal proteins
C) a hydrogen ion gradient
D) assembly and disassembly of microtubules
E) ATP

Question 24

Which of the following is a CORRECT pairing?

A) bacterial flagellum: microtubule protein
B) eukaryotic flagellum: flagellin protein
C) eukaryotic flagellum: hydrogen ion gradient driven
D) bacterial flagellum: ATP driven
E) eukaryotic flagellum: enclosed in cytoplasmic membrane

Question 25

Endocytosis and exocytosis are means of transport used by

A) eukaryotes.
B) bacteria.
C) all prokaryotes.
D) archaea.
E) nothing; no cells use both processes.

Question 26

Membrane rafts are found in the cytoplasmic membranes of

A) bacteria only.
B) archaea only.
C) eukaryotes only.
D) both archaea and bacteria.
E) both archaea and eukaryotes.

Question 27

Which of the following is paired INCORRECTLY?

A) plants; cellulose cell wall
B) algae; glycocalyx present
C) fungi; chitin, glucomannan and/or cellulose cell wall
D) archaea; polysaccharide cell wall
E) bacteria; peptidoglycan cell wall

Question 28

Which of the following statements concerning the endosymbiotic theory is FALSE?

A) Mitochondria and chloroplasts can divide independently of the cell.
B) Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and ribosomes.
C) The cristae of mitochondria evolved from the cytoplasmic membrane of prokaryotes.
D) The endosymbiotic theory is widely accepted.
E) Eukaryotes were formed from the union of small anaerobic cells by larger aerobic cells.

Question 29

Functions of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton include giving shape to the cell and

A) separating chromosomes during mitosis.
B) anchoring organelles.
C) moving cellular contents.
D) anchoring organelles and moving cellular contents.
E) anchoring organelles, moving cellular contents, and separating chromosomes during mitosis.

Question 30

Chloroplasts differ from mitochondria in that the former have

A) thylakoids.
B) cristae.
C) two lipid bilayers.
D) 70S ribosomes.
E) DNA.

Question 31

Which of the following processes requires a carrier protein?

A) active transport only
B) facilitated diffusion only
C) diffusion only
D) endocytosis only
E) both facilitated diffusion and active transport

Question 32

Which of the following statements concerning endocytosis and exocytosis is TRUE?

A) Endocytosis produces a structure called a food vesicle.
B) Waste products and secretions are exported from the cell during endocytosis.
C) Endocytosis is a form of passive transport, whereas exocytosis is a form of active transport.
D) Phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis in which liquids are brought into the cell.
E) These processes occur in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Question 33

The lipids that are NOT generally components of cell membranes are

A) fatty acids.
B) phospholipids.
C) sterols.
D) triglycerides.
E) hopanoids.

Question 34

Which of the following is classified as a nonmembranous organelle of eukaryotic cells?

A) endoplasmic reticulum
B) peroxisome
C) centriole
D) mitochondrion
E) Golgi body

Question 35

Which of the following statements about the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is CORRECT?

A) The ER is a transport system within the cytoplasm.
B) The ER is a lipid storage organelle.
C) The rough ER is the site of lipid synthesis.
D) The smooth ER has ribosomes associated with it.
E) The smooth ER is a site of ATP synthesis.

Question 36

Which of the following chemical substances contributes to the unique characteristics of acid -fast bacteria?

A) lipoteichoic acid
B) mycolic acid
C) peptidoglycan
D) endotoxin
E) N-acetylglucosamine

Question 37

Which of the following cellular components facilitate(s) the process of bacterial binary fission?

A) nucleoid
B) inclusions
C) centrioles
D) fimbriae
E) cytoskeleton

Question 38

Which of the following molecules would be expected to cross the cytoplasmic membrane rapidly and without the use of transport proteins?

A) small hydrophilic molecules only
B) ions only
C) small hydrophobic molecules only
D) large molecules only
E) both ions and hydrophilic molecules

Question 39

Some use group translocation as a means of transport.

A) protozoa
B) bacteria
C) eukaryotes and prokaryotes
D) eukaryotes
E) archaea

Question 40

The accumulation of glucose 6-phosphate inside a bacterial cell via phosphorylation of glucose is an example of

A) diffusion.
B) facilitated diffusion.
C) osmosis.
D) group translocation.
E) plasmolysis.

Question 41

The short structures on the surface of the cell in Figure 3 -5 are cilia.

Question 42

Several cellular structures of eukaryotes facilitate movement: flagella, cilia, the cytoskeleton and centrioles. Which of the following is a feature common to all of them?

A) enclosed in a lipid bilayer
B) composed of glycoproteins
C) powered by a proton (hydrogen ion) gradient
D) composed of tubulin microtubules
E) composed of flagellar proteins

Question 43

Some members of have hami.

A) archaea
B) eukaryotes
C) bacteria
D) archaea and bacteria
E) bacteria and eukaryotes

Question 44

The cell walls of some are composed of proteins.

A) prokaryotes
B) bacteria
C) eukaryotes
D) archaea
E) bacteria and eukaryotes

Question 45

Which of the following prokaryotic cells contain an outer membrane?

A) both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
B) all prokaryotes
C) Gram-negative bacteria only
D) Gram-positive bacteria only
E) archaea

Question 46

Which of the following is a function of the periplasmic space?

A) external digestion of large biological molecules
B) photosynthesis
C) production of proteins for secretion
D) protection from dehydration
E) create a hydrogen ion gradient to power ATP synthesis

Question 47

Lysosomes result from the endocytosis of food particles by eukaryotic cells.

Question 48

Which of the following may have cell walls containing teichoic acids?

A) both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
B) archaea
C) all prokaryotes
D) Gram-positive bacteria only
E) Gram-negative bacteria only

Question 49

A layer of polysaccharides external to the bacterial cell but firmly attached to it is called a slime layer.

Question 50

What is the function of the cellular structure indicated by ʺnʺ in Figure 3-3?

A) synthesis of lipids
B) protein synthesis
C) ATP synthesis
D) cell movement
E) packaging of materials for export

Question 51

Extensively folded lipid bilayers are sites of photosynthesis in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

Question 52

All cell membranes contain phospholipids and a wide variety of proteins.

Question 53

Bacterial protein synthesis can begin before the reading of the gene is complete.

Question 54

What is the function of the cellular structure indicated by ʺcʺ in Figure 3-2?

A) attach to surfaces only
B) protect from dehydration only
C) provide shape only
D) attach to surfaces and protect from dehydration
E) provide shape, attach to surfaces, and protect from dehydration

Question 55

Chromatin is composed of DNA and special packaging proteins called hopanoids.

Question 56

Eukaryotic ribosomes are composed of 50S and 30S subunits.

Question 57

Formation of a biofilm may contribute to bacteriaʹs ability to cause disease.

Question 58

Cell walls composed of polysaccharide are found in

A) archaea only.
B) archaea and eukaryotes only.
C) eukaryotes only.
D) archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes.
E) bacteria only.

Question 59

A function of the cytoskeleton unique to bacteria is

A) anchoring cytoplasmic contents.
B) orienting the assembly of the cell wall.
C) providing shape to the cell.
D) cellular motility.
E) both cellular motility and orienting the assembly of the cell wall.

Question 60

The processes illustrated in Figure 3-4 do not require energy input.

Question 61

Describe how the structure of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane relates to its function of selective permeability.

Question 62

Golgi bodies are examples of a (membranous/non-membranous/cellular) organelle.

Question 63

The semiliquid matrix of the nucleus is called the (cytoplasm/nucleoid/nucleoplasm).

Question 64

A structural molecule found in eukaryotic cytoskeletons, flagella, cilia, and centrioles is (flagellin/tubulin/fibrin).

Question 65

Fibrous structures some archaea use for attachment to surfaces are (hami/fimbriae/flagella).

Question 66

A new bacterium is discovered that has a unique ability to metabolize a compound toxic to most other organisms. The microbiologists researching this bacterium do not know how the bacterium takes up the compound from the environment. Design an experiment to determine whether uptake is passive or active.

Question 67

The process illustrated in Figure 3-6 occurs in (eukaryotic/bacterial/archaeal) cells.

Question 68

Most antibacterial drugs disrupt or destroy bacterial cellular characteristics that are different from those of eukaryotic cells or that may not even be present in eukaryotic cells, an idea termed ʺselective toxicity.ʺ List and describe at least three cellular features of bacteria that could be targeted to inhibit or kill a bacterial pathogen.

Question 69

Lipid (LPS/NAM/A/NAG) is a part of the Gram-negative cell outer membrane that can produce fever, inflammation, and shock when it is released into the bloodstream.

Question 70

The presence of a cell (wall/membrane) enables bacterial and plant cells to resist the effects of hypotonic solutions.

Question 71

Enzymes which degrade toxic materials in eukaryotic cells are stored in (endosomes/lysosomes/peroxisomes).

Question 72

A (capsule/slime layer/matrix) is a type of glycocalyx that is firmly attached to the cell.

Question 73

A(n) (hypertonic/isotonic/hypotonic) solution will result in crenation of animal cells.

Question 74

Eukaryotic cells use a process known as (endocytosis/pinocytosis/phagocytosis) to obtain liquids from their environment.

Question 75

The reserve deposits of starch or other compounds found in many prokaryotic cells are called (vacuoles/inclusions/nucleoid).

Question 76

Both mitochondria and chloroplasts have inner membranes with much greater surface area than their outer membranes. Discuss the contribution of the extensive inner membranes to the roles of these organelles.

Question 77

Compare and contrast archaea and bacteria, with particular attention to the features that lead to their placement in separate taxa.

Question 78

A(n) (symport/antiport/uniport) is a carrier protein that transports two substances in the same direction across a membrane.

Question 79

Eukaryotic flagella are anchored by the basal body in the (cytoplasm/wall/membrane).

Question 80

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the site of (protein/lipid/carbohydrate) synthesis.