Deck 14: Data Preparation

Question 1

Which option for the treatment of missing values involves the researcher using the respondents' pattern of responses to calculate a suitable response to the missing questions?

A) casewise deletion
B) returning to the field
C) substitute a neutral value
D) substitute an imputed response

Answer 1

D

Question 2

You would use scale transformation under which circumstance?

A) to compare image variables measured on a seven- point semantic differential scale with attitude variables measured on a continuous rating scale and lifestyle variables measured on a five- point Likert scale
B) to create new variables that are composites of several other variables
C) to adjust the sample so that greater importance is attached to respondents with certain characteristics
D) none of the above

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which treatment of unsatisfactory responses is desirable if (1) the unsatisfactory respondents do not differ from satisfactory respondents in obvious ways responses on key variables are missing?

A) classifying and counting questionnaires accordingly
B) assigning missing values
C) discarding unsatisfactory responses
D) returning to the field to get better data

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which option for the treatment of missing values involves cases, or respondents, with any missing responses being discarded from the analysis?

A) pairwise deletion
B) substitute a neutral value
C) returning to the field
D) casewise deletion

Question 5

involves a manipulation of scale values to ensure comparability with other scales or otherwise make the data suitable for analysis.

A) Standardization
B) Weighting
C) Scale transformation
D) Variable respecification

Question 6

The general guidelines for coding unstructured questions and questionnaires include all of the following except .

A) category codes should be mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive
B) data should be coded to retain as much detail as possible
C) answers should be abbreviated as much as possible
D) category codes should be assigned for critical issues even if no one has mentioned them

Question 7

Unsatisfactory responses uncovered in the editing stage of the data- preparation process are commonly handled by doing any of the following except .

A) returning to the field to get better data
B) discarding unsatisfactory responses
C) recoding unsatisfactory responses
D) assigning missing values

Question 8

Which is not a part of the process of selecting a data analysis strategy?

A) properties of statistical techniques
B) classification of statistical techniques
C) background and philosophy of the researcher
D) known characteristics of the data

Question 9

are statistical techniques that attempt to group data based on underlying similarity, and thus allow for interpretation of the data structures. No distinction is made as to which variables are dependent and which are independent.

A) Dependence techniques
B) Univariate techniques
C) Multivariate techniques
D) Interdependence techniques

Question 10

When utilizing univariate techniques, for metric data, when there is (are) , the z test and the t test can be used.

A) only one sample
B) two independent samples
C) more than two independent samples
D) A and B are correct

Question 11

Which statement is true concerning ethical issues concerned with data preparation?

A) Any departure from the assumptions underlying the statistical techniques used to analyze the data raises ethical concerns.
B) Researchers should try to get some idea about the quality of the data.
C) Discarding respondents after analyzing the data raises ethical concerns.
D) All of the above statements are true.

Question 12

You would use weighting under which circumstance?

A) to adjust the sample so that greater importance is attached to respondents with certain characteristics
B) to create new variables that are composites of several other variables
C) to compare attitudinal scores measured on a seven- point semantic differential scale with lifestyle or image scores measured on a five- point Likert scale
D) none of the above

Question 13

When utilizing univariate techniques, the samples are when the data for the two samples relate to the same group of respondents.

A) nonmetric data
B) independent
C) paired
D) metric data

Question 14

When utilizing univariate techniques, for metric data, when there is (are) , one- way analysis of variance (one- way ANOVA) can be used.

A) only one sample
B) two independent samples
C) more than two independent samples
D) two or more related samples

Question 15

When utilizing univariate techniques, for nonmetric data, when there is (are) , chi- square, Mann- Whitney, Median, K- S, and K- W one- way ANOVA tests can be used.

A) only one sample
B) two independent samples
C) more than two dependent samples
D) two or more related samples

Question 16

Univariate techniques can be classified based on .

A) whether the data are metric or nonmetric
B) whether one, or two or more samples are involved
C) whether interdependence techniques or dependence techniques are to be used
D) A and B are correct

Question 17

are appropriate when there is a single measurement of each element in the sample, or there are several measurements of each element but each variable is analyzed in isolation.

A) Multivariate techniques
B) Interdependence techniques
C) Dependence techniques
D) Univariate techniques

Question 18

Respondents have been asked to express their degree of agreement with a series of lifestyle statements on a 1- to- 5 scale, assuming that 9 has been designated for missing values, data values of 0, 6, 7, and 8 are out of range. Where in the data- preparation process might any out- of- range data be caught?

A) coding
B) statistically adjusting the data
C) data cleaning
D) transcribing

Question 19

Univariate techniques can be classified based on .

A) whether the data are metric or nonmetric
B) whether one, two, or more than two samples are involved
C) whether interdependence techniques or dependence techniques are to be used
D) A and B are correct

Question 20

In Excel, the statement can be used to make a logical check.

A) If
B) EndIf
C) ElseIf
D) Else

Question 21

Which of the following is an option available for the treatment of missing values?

A) substitute a neutral value
B) substitute an imputed response
C) returning to the field
D) Both A and B are correct.

Question 22

The step of the data- preparation process consists of screening questionnaires to identify illegible, incomplete, inconsistent, or ambiguous responses.

A) coding
B) data cleaning
C) questionnaire checking
D) editing

Question 23

Data derived from a nominal or ordinal scale are .

A) paired data
B) independent data
C) metric data
D) nonmetric data

Question 24

is similar to that conducted in domestic marketing research. The objective is to gain an understanding of the relationships and patterns existing in each country or cultural unit.

A) Cross- cultural analysis
B) Individual- level analysis
C) Pancultural analysis
D) Intracultural analysis

Question 25

utilizes questions that appear on a computerized gridpad. The responses are recorded directly into the computer using a sensing device.

A) Mark sense forms
B) CATI or CAPI
C) Computerized sensory systems
D) Optical scanning

Question 26

involves transferring the coded data from the questionnaires or coding sheets onto disks or magnetic tapes, or directly into computers by keypunching.

A) Transcribing data
B) Data Cleaning
C) Coding data
D) Editing data

Question 27

involves the transformation of data to create variables or modify existing variables.

A) Standardization
B) Weighting
C) Variable respecification
D) Scale transformation

Question 28

requires that the data from each respondent be analyzed separately.

A) Cross- cultural analysis
B) Individual- level analysis
C) Pancultural analysis
D) Intracultural analysis

Question 29

Which option for the treatment of missing values involves the researcher using only cases or respondents with complete responses for each calculation?

A) returning to the field
B) substitute a neutral value
C) casewise deletion
D) pairwise deletion

Question 30

In , also known as across- countries analysis, the data of all the respondents can be pooled and analyzed.

A) Cross- cultural analysis
B) Individual- level analysis
C) Pancultural analysis
D) Intracultural analysis

Question 31

If you discover that a respondent has consistently checked the same response on a series of scales or that skip patterns were not followed on a questionnaire, more than likely you are participating in the step of the data- preparation process.

A) coding
B) data cleaning
C) questionnaire checking
D) editing

Question 32

Dummy variables are also called all of the names below except .

A) dichotomous
B) quantitative
C) binary
D) instrumental

Question 33

For multivariate statistical techniques, when there is _, cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling can be used.

A) more than one dependent variable
B) variable interdependence
C) interobject similarity
D) one dependent variable

Question 34

Which of the following is not a step in the data- preparation process?

A) transcribing
B) select a sampling technique
C) data cleaning
D) editing

Question 35

When utilizing univariate techniques, for the purpose of analysis, data pertaining to different groups of respondents, e.g., males and females, are generally treated as samples while the samples are when the data for the two samples relate to the same group of respondents.

A) independent; metric
B) metric; paired
C) independent; paired
D) paired; independent

Question 36

During a preliminary check for consistency, you found a respondent had reported an annual income of less than $20,000, yet indicated frequent shopping at prestigious department stores such as Saks Fifth Avenue and Neiman Marcus. You are at the step of the data- preparation process.

A) coding
B) data cleaning
C) questionnaire checking
D) editing

Question 37

Data that are interval or ratio in nature are _ .

A) independent data
B) paired data
C) metric data
D) nonmetric data

Question 38

are suitable for analyzing data when there are two or more measurements of each element and the variables are analyzed simultaneously.

A) Interdependence techniques
B) Univariate techniques
C) Multivariate techniques
D) Dependence techniques

Question 39

The effect of is to increase or decrease the number of cases in the sample that possess certain characteristics.

A) weighting
B) scale transformation
C) variable respecification
D) standardization

Question 40

Respondents have been asked to express their degree of agreement with a series of lifestyle statements on a 1- to- 5 scale, assuming that 9 has been designated for missing values, data values of 0, 6, 7, and 8 are out of range. Where in the data cleaning process might any out- of- range data be caught?

A) treatment of missing responses
B) consistency checks
C) returning to the field
D) Both A and C are correct.

Question 41

For multivariate statistical techniques, when there is _, cross- tabulation, analysis of variance and covariance, regression, two- group discriminant analysis, and conjoint analysis can be used.

A) interobject similarity
B) one dependent variable
C) more than one dependent variable
D) variable interdependence

Question 42

The objective of this level of analysis is to assess the comparability of findings from one country to another.

A) Cross- cultural analysis
B) Individual- level analysis
C) Pancultural analysis
D) Intracultural analysis

Question 43

In , also known as across- countries analysis, the data can be aggregated for each country and these aggregate statistics analyzed.

A) Cross- cultural analysis
B) Individual- level analysis
C) Pancultural analysis
D) Intracultural analysis

Question 44

When utilizing univariate techniques, for nonmetric data, when there is (are) , sign, McNemar, and Wilcoxon tests can be used.

A) only one sample
B) two independent samples
C) more than two dependent samples
D) two or more related samples

Question 45

is the assignment of a code to represent a specific response to a specific question along with the data record and column position that code will occupy.

A) Assignment of missing values
B) Data cleaning
C) Editing
D) Coding

Question 46

A questionnaire returned from the field may be unacceptable for several reasons. Which of the reasons below is not one of those reasons?

A) The questionnaire is answered by someone who does not qualify for participation.
B) Parts of the questionnaire may be incomplete.
C) The returned questionnaire is physically incomplete.
D) The questionnaire does not uplift, motivate, or encourage the respondent to become involved.

Question 47

The major multivariate technique for examining is factor analysis.

A) more than one dependent variable
B) variable interdependence
C) one dependent variable
D) interobject similarity

Question 48

If in conducting a study to determine what modifications should be made on an existing product the researcher assigns weights of 4.0 to heavy users, 3.0 to medium users, 2.0 to light users, and 1.0 to nonusers. Which group's opinion has greater importance?

A) heavy users
B) light users
C) medium users
D) nonusers

Question 49

If the researcher uses the mean response for the missing value, he/she is using which option for the treatment of missing values?

A) substitute an imputed response
B) substitute a neutral value
C) casewise deletion
D) returning to the field

Question 50

For multivariate statistical techniques, when there is , multivariate analysis of variance and covariance and canonical correlation, and multiple discriminant analysis can be used.

A) interobject similarity
B) one dependent variable
C) variable interdependence
D) more than one dependent variable

Question 51

are appropriate when one or more variables can be identified as dependent variables and the remaining are independent variables.

A) Univariate techniques
B) Interdependence techniques
C) Dependence techniques
D) Multivariate techniques

Question 52

You would use variable respecification under which circumstance?

A) to compare attitudinal scores measured on a seven- point semantic differential scale with lifestyle or image scores measured on a five- point Likert scale
B) to create new variables that are composites of several other variables
C) to adjust the sample so that greater importance is attached to respondents with certain characteristics
D) none of the above

Question 53

Which statement is not true about standardization?

A) Standardization is the process of correcting data to reduce them to the same scale by subtracting the sample mean and dividing by the standard deviation.
B) Standardization is the process of correcting data to reduce them to the same scale by subtracting the sample mean and dividing by the standard error.
C) Standardization allows the researcher to compare variables that have been measured using different types of scales.
D) The standardized scale will have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of 1.

Question 54

In , each case or respondent in the database is assigned a weight to reflect its importance relative to other cases or respondents.

A) variable respecification
B) standardization
C) weighting
D) scale transformation

Question 55

is a multivariate dependence technique with more than one dependent variable.

A) Two- group discriminant analysis
B) Multidimensional scaling
C) Multiple regression
D) Multiple discriminant analysis

Question 56

If you are counting and classifying questionnaires to determine if quotas and cell group sizes have been met, you are at the step of the data- preparation process.

A) questionnaire checking
B) data cleaning
C) coding
D) editing

Question 57

Which treatment of unsatisfactory responses is particularly attractive for business and industrial marketing surveys where the sample sizes are small and the respondents are easily identifiable?

A) assigning missing values
B) discarding unsatisfactory responses
C) recoding unsatisfactory responses
D) returning to the field to get better data

Question 58

involves direct machine reading of the codes and simultaneous transcription.

A) CATI or CAPI
B) Mark sense forms
C) Computerized sensory systems
D) Optical scanning

Question 59

Which treatment of unsatisfactory responses is desirable if (1) the number of respondents with unsatisfactory responses is small; (2) the proportion of unsatisfactory responses for each of these respondents is small; or (3) the variables with unsatisfactory responses are not the key variables?

A) assigning missing values
B) classifying and counting questionnaires accordingly
C) discarding unsatisfactory responses
D) returning to the field to get better data

Question 60

When utilizing univariate techniques, the samples are if they are drawn randomly from different populations.

A) independent
B) nonmetric data
C) metric data
D) paired

Question 61

Scanning of questionnaires has allowed Princess Cruises to increase the accuracy of their survey results.

Question 62

Statistical techniques can be classified as univariate or multivariate.

Question 63

The initial step in questionnaire checking involves a check of all questionnaires for completeness and interviewing quality.

Question 64

A codebook contains coding instructions and the necessary information about variables in the data set. It guides the coders in their work and helps the researcher to properly identify and locate the variables.

Question 65

If the data have been collected via _ , transcribing data is unnecessary because the data are entered directly into the computer.

A) CAPI
B) mark sense forms
C) CATI
D) Both A and C are correct.

Question 66

Square root and log transformations are seldom used in the respecification of variables.

Question 67

Information useful for formulating a data analysis strategy is not readily available on the Internet.

Question 68

To standardize a scale X_i, we first subtract the mean, X, from each score and divide by the standard error, S_X.

Question 69

Univariate techniques can be classified based on whether the data are metric or nonmetric.

Question 70

An important variable respecification procedure involves the use of dummy variables.

Question 71

The following codes should be included for each respondent: project code, interviewer code, date and time codes, category codes, and validation code.

Question 72

In interdependence techniques, the variables are classified as dependent or independent.

Question 73

A codebook generally contains all of the following information except .

A) category number
B) record number
C) instructions for coding
D) variable name

Question 74

A code in which the number of records for each respondent are the same, and the same data appear in the same columns for all respondents, is a _.

A) category code
B) fixed- field code
C) record code
D) respondent code

Question 75

When conducting international marketing research, enough data must be obtained from each individual to allow analysis at the individual level.

Question 76

is within- country analysis of international data.

A) Cross- cultural analysis
B) Individual- level analysis
C) Pancultural analysis
D) Intracultural analysis

Question 77

SPSS Missing Values Analysis can assist in diagnosing missing values and replacing missing values with estimates. The missing values can also be treated within the context of the SPSS Base module.

Question 78

The selection of data- transcription method is guided by the type of interviewing method used and the availability of equipment.

Question 79

The objective of pancultural analysis is to assess the comparability of findings from one country to another.

Question 80

When utilizing univariate techniques, for metric data, when there is (are) , the paired t test can be used.

A) only one sample
B) two independent samples
C) more than two independent samples
D) two or more related samples