Deck 26: The Reproductive Systems

Question 1

Which of the following pairs of terms is most closely matched?

A) tunica vaginalis; testes
B) tunica albuginea; uterus
C) germinal epithelium; spermatic cord
D) corpus luteum; penis

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The dartos muscle:

A) causes wrinkling of the skin of the scrotum.
B) is found in the scrotal septum.
C) relaxes in response to warmth, contracts in response to cold.
D) all of these choices

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The tunica albuginea of an ovary:

A) is a layer of loose connective tissue that divides the ovaries into lobes.
B) is the outermost covering of the ovary.
C) is the tissue that contains and surrounds a developing oocyte.
D) is a tissue layer located deep to the germinal epithelium.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Where is the diaphragm, the female birth control barrier, placed?

A) at the hymen in the vulva
B) in the vestibule
C) surrounding the opening of the cervix
D) in the endometrium of the uterus

Question 5

The blood-testis barrier:

A) consists of tight junctions between interstitial (Leydig) cells.
B) is the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules.
C) protects sperm antigens from exposure to the cells of the immune system.
D) all of these choices

Question 6

The uterine tubes: 1. are the typical site of fertilization
2) are also called oviducts
3) are lined by cells that have microvilli called fimbriae
4) have a section called the ampulla which makes up about the lateral two-thirds of the length of the tubes
5) attach the ovaries firmly to the uterus

A) 1, 2, 3, 4
B) 1, 3, 5
C) 2, 4, 5
D) 1, 2, 4 only

Question 7

Place the following ducts in the correct order, from the site of sperm production to the point of exit from the body. 1. ductus (vas) deferens
2) straight tubules
3) prostatic urethra
4) ductus epididymis
5) ejaculatory duct
6) efferent ducts
7) spongy (penile) urethra
8) rete testis
9) membranous (intermediate) urethra

A) 6, 1, 8, 2, 4, 3, 5, 7, 9
B) 2, 8, 6, 4, 1, 5, 3, 9, 7
C) 5, 6, 2, 8, 4, 1, 9, 3, 7
D) 6, 8, 2, 4, 1, 3, 5, 9, 7

Question 8

The corpus luteum:

A) develops from a corpus albicans.
B) develops prior to ovulation.
C) is the zone of the ovary that contains ovarian follicles.
D) none of these choices

Question 9

The male reproductive duct that is six meters long but is tightly coiled into a 3.5-cm distance is the _____.

A) rete testis
B) ductus epididymis
C) ductus (vas) deferens
D) ejaculatory duct

Question 10

Spermatogenesis results in:

A) two new cells with 23 chromosomes each.
B) four new cells with 23 chromosomes each.
C) two new cells with 46 chromosomes each.
D) four new cells with 46 chromosomes each.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT true of the stratum basalis?

A) It is the permanent layer of the endometrium and it gives rise monthly to the stratum functionalis after each menstruation.
B) It is supplied with blood by the spiral arterioles.
C) It is the layer of the endometrium closest to the myometrium.
D) None of these choices; i.e., all are true.

Question 12

The bulb of the penis is formed by the proximal (near point of attachment) ends of the corpora cavernosa penis. It is attached to the inferior ramus of the pubis.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The second statement is true; the first is false.

Question 13

The vulva (pudendum):

A) is the recess in the superior portion of the vagina that surrounds the cervix.
B) is the female external genitalia.
C) consists of an anterior urogenital triangle and a posterior anal triangle.
D) is a ligament of the uterus.

Question 14

The midventral mass of erectile tissue in the penis is a:

A) corpus spongiosum penis.
B) corpus cavernosum penis.
C) spongy urethra.
D) tunica albuginea.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a type of ligament that helps maintain the position of the uterus?

A) suspensory ligament
B) round ligament
C) cardinal (lateral cervical) ligament
D) broad ligament

Question 16

The onset of menopause occurs when:

A) primary follicles become less responsive to FSH and LH.
B) GnRH release patterns change.
C) estrogen and progesterone levels decline.
D) all of these choices

Question 17

Which uterine layer is most responsive to the hormone oxytocin, which increases contractions and leads to expulsion of the fetus?

A) endometrium
B) myometrium
C) perimetrium
D) serosa

Question 18

The female gamete (ovum) is not formed until meiosis II is completed when:

A) the secondary oocyte has been fertilized by the sperm
B) the first polar body has been resorbed
C) the mature (Graafian) follicle has erupted from the ovary
D) menstruation has happened around day 28

Question 19

Spermatogenesis and oogenesis are the only processes in the body where _____ occurs.

A) mitosis
B) meiosis
C) replication
D) mutation

Question 20

Descent of the testes into the scrotum normally occurs:

A) near the end of the seventh month of fetal development.
B) in the ninth month of fetal development.
C) shortly after birth.
D) at puberty.

Question 21

Ejection of milk from the mammary glands is stimulated by the hormone oxytocin.

Question 22

Tight junctions between sustentacular (Sertoli) cells prevent an immune response against developing spermatozoa.

Question 23

The embryonic mesonephric (Wolffian) ducts develop into the ducts of the male reproductive system and the uterine tubes of the female reproductive system.

Question 24

The scrotum provides an environment for the testes that is normally two to three degrees Celsius higher than normal core body temperature.

Question 25

In the uterine tubes, peristaltic contractions of the muscularis assist the movement of the oocyte or fertilized ovum into the uterus.

Question 26

The three layers of the wall of the uterus are endometrium, myometrium, and stratum basalis.

Question 27

Describe the location and the functions of sustentacular (Sertoli) cells.

Question 28

Fructose, which is an energy source for sperm, is a component of the secretions of the prostate gland.

Question 29

Several layers of cells, called granulosa cells, surround and nourish a developing oocyte in the ovary.

Question 30

Explain the terms spermatogenesis, spermiogenesis, and spermiation.

Question 31

The inferior portion of the epididymis, from which the ductus (vas) deferens emerges, is called the head.

Question 32

Spermatogonia are diploid (2n chromosome number) stem cells that are dormant until puberty, when they undergo mitosis and differentiate into diploid primary spermatocytes.

Question 33

After ovulation, a corpus hemorrhagicum develops into a corpus luteum under the influence of luteinizing hormone (LH).

Question 34

A prostate tumor is most likely to interfere with:

A) micturition (flow of urine through prostatic urethra)
B) spermatogenesis
C) spermiogenesis
D) erection

Question 35

Breast self-examination, mammography, and ultrasound are all important techniques in the detection of breast cancer.

Question 36

The ovarian ligament anchors the ovaries to the uterus.

Question 37

Which structure would NOT be a component of the spermatic cord?

A) ductus (vas) deferens
B) cremaster muscle
C) pampiniform plexus
D) bulbourethral gland

Question 38

SRY is a gene of the X chromosome that controls development of gonads and external genitalia.

Question 39

Describe the gross anatomy of the uterus and accompany your answer with a labeled diagram.

Question 40

The liquid portion of semen is secreted by accessory sex glands. Name and describe the glands and state the contents and functions of their secretions.

Question 41

Describe the structure of a mammary gland, using the correct terminology for the tissues and ducts.

Question 42

The external ridge of tissue that separates the scrotum into two pouches is the scrotal septum.

Question 43

Which molecule is released from the acrosome of a mature sperm to help the sperm penetrate the membrane of a secondary oocyte?

A) sugar
B) ATP
C) enzyme
D) mucous

Question 44

The nucleus of a sperm is contained with the neck of a mature sperm.

Question 45

The peg cells of the uterine tube

A) provides nutrition to the ovum
B) help move a fertilized ovum
C) create the peristaltic contractions
D) assist in the implantation of the ovum in the uterus

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT a structure of the male reproductive tract?

A) epididymis
B) ductus deferens
C) oviducts
D) seminal vesicle

Question 47

Describe the events in the uterus during the preovulatory and postovulatory phases of one menstrual cycle.

Question 48

The pH of the vagina is

A) acidic
B) basic
C) neutral

Question 49

Which portion of the uterine tube is more medial to all other sections?

A) infundibulum
B) fimbriae
C) isthmus
D) ampulla

Question 50

Name the structure indicated in the figure.

A) body
B) acrosome
C) neck
D) tail

Question 51

What structure is indicated?

A) secondary follicle
B) corpus luteum
C) mature (Graafian) follicle
D) corpus albicans

Question 52

Primary oocytes enter which phase of Meiosis I prior to puberty?

A) Prophase
B) Anaphase
C) Telophase
D) Metaphase

Question 53

What structure is indicated in the diagram?

A) ovary
B) uterus
C) vagina
D) clitoris

Question 54

The cremaster muscle is a bundle of smooth muscle fibers.

Question 55

The vagina is situated _____ to the urinary bladder and urethra.

A) anterior
B) posterior
C) medial
D) lateral

Question 56

What is the name of the structure indicated in the diagram?

A) fimbriae of uterine tube
B) isthmus of uterine tube
C) cervix of uterus
D) fundus of uterus

Question 57

Testosterone is secreted by cells in the testes called _____.

Question 58

The vagina is composed of which type of epithelium?

A) nonkeratinized stratified squamous
B) keratinized stratified squamous
C) simple squamous
D) simple columnar

Question 59

What is the structure indicated in the figure?

A) urinary bladder
B) testis
C) bulbourethral gland
D) prostate

Question 60

During a woman's reproductive lifetime, she will ovulate approximately how many mature oocytes?

A) 400
B) 10,000
C) 40,000
D) 2 million

Question 61

An example of an induced abortion is a miscarriage.

Question 62

A side effect of menopause is hot flashes, heavy sweating which coincide with the release of which hormone?

A) gonadotropin releasing hormone
B) follicle stimulating hormone
C) leutinizing hormone
D) growth hormone

Question 63

During ovulation, a secondary oocyte is released around day 14 of the reproductive cycle.

Question 64

The formation of gametes in the ovaries is termed _____.

Question 65

Follicle stimulating hormone released from the anterior pituitary targets the ovarian follicles and causes the release of estrogen.

Question 66

The uterine tube is composed of inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle.

Question 67

The tubular, muscular canal extending from the exterior of the body to the uterine cervix is the _____.

Question 68

The female homologous structure to the male scrotum is the labia majora.

Question 69

The funnel-shaped infundibulum of each uterine tube ends in a fringe of fingerlike projections called _____.

Question 70

Which phase of the female reproductive cycle is characterized by a discharge of the endometrium after ovarian progesterone levels decline?

A) menstrual phase
B) preovulatory phase
C) postovulatory phase
D) ovulation

Question 71

Which of the following structures are not found in the vesiblule of the vulva?

A) vaginal orifice
B) external urethral orifice
C) hymen
D) clitoris

Question 72

A series of transverse folds in the vagina that increases the surface area of the vagina during sexual intercourse and childbirth.

Question 73

When taken in combination, mifepristone and misopostol reduces the likelihood of implantation of a fertilized egg by blocking progesterone receptors in the uterus.

Question 74

The genital tubercle of a 5 week embryo will become which structures in a 10 week embryo?

A) glans penis and clitoris
B) urethral folds and labioscrotal swellings
C) perineum and anus
D) scrotum and vestibule

Question 75

Which type of birth control is prevent fertilization by blocking sperm entry into the uterine tube and has a long-term effectiveness of 10 years?

A) morning-after pill
B) spermicide
C) intrauterine device
D) vaginal pouch