Deck 26: The Reproductive System

Question 1

Complete this analogy: Testes are to gonads as sperm are to:

A) estrogen.
B) sex hormones.
C) gametes.
D) ova.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

How many tetrads form during synapsis of meiosis for humans?

A) 98
B) 46
C) 4
D) 23

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following ducts travels through the prostate gland?

A) epididymis
B) ejaculatory duct
C) spongy urethra
D) ductus deferens

Answer 3

B

Question 4

During what phase are homologous chromosomes separated from one another and pulled toward opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers?

A) metaphase I
B) anaphase I
C) anaphase II
D) telophase I

Question 5

What component allows semen to temporarily coagulate once ejaculated?

A) alkaline pH
B) fructose
C) antimicrobial chemicals
D) clotting proteins

Question 6

Which portion of the penis is called the foreskin?

A) root
B) body
C) prepuce
D) glans penis

Question 7

Which of the following male accessory sex glands produces a yellowish secretion containing fructose, prostaglandins, coagulating proteins and enzymes?

A) seminal vesicle
B) prostate gland
C) ejaculatory duct
D) bulbourethral gland

Question 8

What stem cell begins the process of spermatogenesis?

A) spermatid
B) spermatogonium
C) primary spermatocyte
D) secondary spermatocyte

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a region of the male urethra?

A) prostatic
B) serosa
C) spongy
D) membranous

Question 10

Where does sperm production occur within the testis?

A) myoid cells
B) seminiferous tubules
C) rete testis
D) interstitial cells

Question 11

The reduction in the number of chromosomes to half the normal count occurs during:

A) crossing over.
B) meiosis.
C) fertilization.
D) mitosis.

Question 12

Sperm in the epididymis travel immediately next to the:

A) ductus deferens.
B) efferent ductules.
C) rete testis.
D) urethra.

Question 13

The fusion of sperm and egg is known as:

A) meiosis.
B) cleavage.
C) fertilization.
D) mitosis.

Question 14

Meiosis is a special type of cell division that produces:

A) hepatocytes.
B) neurons.
C) gametes.
D) myocytes.

Question 15

What shuffles the alleles and causes homologous chromosomes to no longer be identical during meiosis?

A) formation of tetrads
B) crossing over
C) cytokinesis
D) synapsis

Question 16

Contraction of the cremaster muscle:

A) pulls the testes closer to the body.
B) wrinkles the scrotal skin.
C) propels sperm through the urethra.
D) moves sperm through the ductus deferens.

Question 17

A parent cell has 28 chromosomes and completes meiosis. How many chromosomes result in each cell produced?

A) 28 chromosomes
B) 46 chromosomes
C) 56 chromosomes
D) 14 chromosomes

Question 18

Enlargement of the prostate gland can constrict the:

A) ductus deferens.
B) seminal vesicle.
C) ejaculatory duct.
D) epididymis.

Question 19

Semen is expelled from the body during:

A) coagulation.
B) ejaculation.
C) erection.
D) fertilization.

Question 20

The process of male gamete, or sperm cell, development is known as:

A) oogenesis.
B) spermatogenesis.
C) fertilization.
D) mitosis.

Question 21

What is the action of luteinizing hormone (LH)?

A) LH stimulates the secretion of inhibin.
B) LH stimulates the secretion of interstitial ^-cell stimulating hormone (ICSH).
C) LH stimulates the sustentacular cells of the testes to secrete androgen ^-binding protein (ABP).
D) LH stimulates interstitial cells of the testes to produce testosterone.

Question 22

Which of the following is the most inferior portion of the uterus?

A) cervix
B) fundus
C) infundibulum
D) body

Question 23

What is the main female gonad?

A) uterus
B) cervix
C) ovary
D) vagina

Question 24

What portion of the uterus is composed of smooth muscle and contracts rhythmically during orgasm and childbirth?

A) myometrium
B) perimetrium
C) peritoneum
D) endometrium

Question 25

How many spermatids result from one spermatogonium?

A) 8
B) 2
C) 16
D) 4

Question 26

Which of the following is under control of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A) expulsion
B) emission
C) erection
D) ejaculation

Question 27

From its proximal end at the uterus as it approaches the ovary, the regions of the uterine tube are:

A) isthmus, infundibulum, ampulla, fimbriae.
B) isthmus, ampulla, fimbriae, infundibulum.
C) ampulla, isthmus, infundibulum, fimbriae.
D) isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum, fimbriae.

Question 28

A male bodybuilder takes testosterone supplements to increase his muscle mass. After three weeks, which of the following do you expect to observe?

A) Excess testosterone increases production of estrogens.
B) Excess testosterone inhibits production of gonadotropin ^-releasing hormone (GnRH).
C) Excess testosterone inhibits production of growth hormone ^-releasing hormone (GHRH).
D) Excess testosterone increases production of luteinizing hormone (LH).

Question 29

Which of the following is the main hormone that regulates spermatogenesis?

A) testosterone
B) growth hormone
C) estrogen
D) inhibin

Question 30

At what point in life does spermatogenesis begin in a male?

A) puberty
B) before birth
C) childhood
D) birth

Question 31

Where should a fertilized ovum implant?

A) infundibulum of the uterine tube
B) vagina
C) ampulla of the uterine tube
D) uterus

Question 32

Determine the effect of inhibin on male hormone production.

A) Inhibin increases testosterone secretion.
B) Inhibin decreases the release of follicle ^-stimulating hormone (FSH).
C) Inhibin decreases gonadotropin ^-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion.
D) Inhibin increases luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion.

Question 33

The movement of sperm, testicular fluids, and secretions from the prostate gland and seminal vesicle into the urethra is known as:

A) ejaculation.
B) expulsion.
C) erection.
D) emission.

Question 34

An elderly man, Mr. Gee, is unable to maintain an erection. Classify his condition.

A) resolution
B) refractory period
C) flaccid
D) impotence

Question 35

Where does fertilization usually occur?

A) uterus
B) infundibulum of the uterine tube
C) vagina
D) ampulla of the uterine tube

Question 36

Which ligament anchors the ovary to the uterus?

A) ovarian ligament
B) suspensory ligament
C) infundibulopelvic ligament
D) broad ligament

Question 37

A seventy ^-five year old male has noticed he has had difficulty urinating. His physician says his difficulty is most likely due to an enlarged gland known as the:

A) bulbourethral gland.
B) prostate gland.
C) epididymis.
D) seminal vesicle.

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT an ^anabolic effect of testosterone?

A) Testosterone increases the number of erythrocytes.
B) Testosterone increases libido.
C) Testosterone increases skeletal muscle mass.
D) Testosterone increases bone density.

Question 39

Decline in male reproductive functions occur during:

A) puberty.
B) menopause.
C) menarche.
D) andropause.

Question 40

What is the maturation process in which spermatids elongate and shed excess cytoplasm?

A) meiosis II
B) meiosis I
C) spermatogenesis
D) spermiogenesis

Question 41

Which of the following accompanies puberty?

A) female climacteric, or menopause
B) atresia
C) menarche
D) male climacteric, or andropause

Question 42

Which portion of the uterus is shed during menstruation?

A) perimetrium
B) stratum functionalis of the endometrium
C) myometrium
D) stratum basalis of the endometrium

Question 43

Which follicle contains a secondary oocyte arrested in metaphase II?

A) vesicular (tertiary) follicle
B) primary follicle
C) primordial follicle
D) secondary follicle

Question 44

During which phase of the uterine (menstrual) cycle will stratum functionalis develop with endometrial glands and spiral arteries and veins?

A) menstrual phase
B) luteal phase
C) proliferative (preovulatory) phase
D) secretory (postovulatory) phase

Question 45

When menstruation has ceased for at least one year, what has occurred?

A) female climacteric, or menopause
B) male climacteric, or andropause
C) menarche
D) puberty

Question 46

When are all oogonia formed in females?

A) early adulthood
B) during infancy
C) before birth
D) at puberty

Question 47

Estrogens are critical for:

A) adipose tissue deposits in the breasts, hips, and thighs.
B) increased erythrocyte production.
C) increased skeletal muscle mass.
D) deepening of the voice.

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT part of the female's external genitalia?

A) clitoris
B) labia minora
C) vagina
D) mons pubis

Question 49

What structures are NOT present in a non ^-lactating female?

A) lobules
B) lobules
C) alveoli
D) mammary ducts

Question 50

Which of the following is regulated by a positive feedback mechanism in females?

A) fertilization
B) ovulation
C) menstruation
D) implantation

Question 51

Blockage to the mammary ducts of the mammary gland prevents the passage of:

A) mucus.
B) sperm.
C) milk.
D) sweat.

Question 52

Which of the following is the first phase of the ovarian cycle?

A) luteal phase
B) ovarian phase
C) menstrual phase
D) follicular phase

Question 53

Women who wish to become pregnant should have sexual intercourse after a surge in:

A) luteinizing hormone (LH).
B) progesterone.
C) androgens.
D) follicle ^-stimulating hormone (FSH).

Question 54

Ovulation is triggered by a surge in:

A) luteinizing hormone (LH).
B) inhibin.
C) testosterone.
D) progesterone.

Question 55

What effect do you think douching, or washing, has on the vagina?

A) Douching washes away the cilia lining the mucous membrane of the vagina.
B) Douching damages the ridge ^-like rugae inside the vagina.
C) Douching washes away beneficial bacteria and alters the pH balance of the vagina.
D) Douching removes mucus made by the stratified squamous epithelium of the vaginal walls.

Question 56

In a female, follicle ^-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) target the:

A) ovaries.
B) hypothalamus.
C) anterior pituitary gland.
D) uterus.

Question 57

Which of the following can be fertilized?

A) polar body
B) oogonium
C) secondary oocyte
D) primary oocyte

Question 58

Place these stages of the ovarian cycle in the correct order. 1) Corpus albicans
2) Vesicular (tertiary) follicle
3) Primary follicle
4) Ruptured follicle
5) Primordial follicle
6) Secondary follicle
7) Corpus luteum

A) 5, 6, 3, 4, 2, 7, 1
B) 5, 3, 6, 2, 7, 4, 1
C) 5, 3, 6, 4, 2, 7, 1
D) 5, 3, 6, 2, 4, 7, 1

Question 59

Assuming a 28 ^-day ovarian cycle, on what day should ovulation occur?

A) day 21
B) day 28
C) day 14
D) day 0

Question 60

What part of the female reproductive system receives the penis during sexual intercourse?

A) clitoris
B) uterine tube
C) vagina
D) uterus

Question 61

Which of the following is linked with many cases of cervical cancer?

A) human papillomavirus (HPV)
B) chlamydia
C) trichomoniasis
D) gonorrhea

Question 62

A female patient complains of a greenish ^-white discharge from her vagina that has a strong odor. She also experiences itching and burning of her genitals. Determine the sexually transmitted infection (STI) she has.

A) chlamydia
B) trichomoniasis
C) syphylis
D) gonorrhea

Question 63

What type of birth control may prevent pregnancy by manipulating the hormones and interfering with ovulation?

A) intrauterine device (IUD)
B) barrier method
C) hormonal method
D) behavior method

Question 64

What is the cause of trichomoniasis?

A) bacteria
B) interferon
C) virus
D) parasite

Question 65

During an erection, blood from the testicular arteries fills the vascular spaces of the corpus spongiosum of the penis.

Question 66

A female wants to take a hormonal contraceptive that contains progesterone only. What could be an option?

A) spermicide
B) skin patches from ORTHO ^-EVRA
C) vaginal rings from NuvaRing
D) intramuscular injections of the Depo ^-Provera shot

Question 67

Spermiogenesis is the process of sperm cell development. It includes all phases of meiosis and spermatogenesis^, the cytoplasmic changes required to form a mature sperm cell.

Question 68

A cell with 12 pairs of homologous chromosomes is said to be diploid, 2n.

Question 69

During cold temperatures, the testes are pulled closer to the pelvic floor and the warmth of the body wall, and the scrotum becomes shorter and heavily wrinkled.

Question 70

The prostate gland releases clotting proteins into ejaculated semen which cause coagulation and temporarily prevents the sperm from leaking back out of the female reproductive tract.

Question 71

During the luteal phase of the uterine (menstrual) cycle, the corpus luteum secretes progesterone and some estrogen.

Question 72

Testosterone is made by the myoid cells of the male testes.

Question 73

The round ligaments connect each ovary to the uterus and receive an oocyte during ovulation.

Question 74

A male visiting a health clinic presents with a pink rash all over the body, a fever, joint pain, and complains of some hair loss. Determine the sexually transmitted infection (STI) this patient has contracted.

A) genital herpes
B) gonorrhea
C) syphilis
D) chlamydia

Question 75

If a couple want to have sexual intercourse, and they do not wish to use a behavior method as a form of birth control since they know it comes with high risk. What could be an alternative method?

A) rhythm method
B) withdrawal
C) condoms
D) abstinence

Question 76

The uterus is anchored by the broad ligament, suspensory ligament, and the round ligament.

Question 77

Which of the following is NOT a bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI)?

A) chlamydia
B) syphylis
C) gonorrhea
D) genital herpes

Question 78

From one original cell, four genetically unique daughter cells, each with 23 nonreplicated chromosomes, are produced at the conclusion of meiosis II of spermatogenesis.

Question 79

Which of the following may be prevented with a vaccine?

A) syphylis
B) human papillomavirus (HPV)
C) genital herpes
D) trichomoniasis

Question 80

High levels of testosterone inhibit gonadotropin ^-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus.