Deck 19: Blood

Question 1

When blood is centrifuged,what is found in the buffy coat?

A)plasma and leukocytes
B)erythrocytes and platelets
C)platelets and leukocytes
D)leukocytes and erythrocytes

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What cell gives rise to all formed elements?

A)hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)
B)proerythroblast
C)reticulocyte
D)erythroblast

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What forms the majority of blood?

A)platelets
B)buffy coat
C)plasma
D)leukocytes

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What organ serves as the control center for the regulation of erythropoiesis?

A)pancreas
B)kidney
C)spleen
D)liver

Question 5

What plasma protein is most important for the blood's colloid osmotic pressure?

A)antibodies
B)transport proteins
C)albumin
D)collagen

Question 6

Iron molecules released from the breakdown of hemoglobin are transported through the blood by:

A)antibodies.
B)transferrin.
C)vitamin B12.
D)albumin.

Question 7

The function of red blood cells is to:

A)phagocytize bacteria.
B)transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.
C)transport nutrients to the body's cells and tissues.
D)stop blood loss from an injured blood vessel.

Question 8

What percentage of the blood is composed of plasma?

A)45%
B)55%
C)15%
D)75%

Question 9

Which of the following is the name given to the union between carbon monoxide and hemoglobin?

A)deoxyhemoglobin
B)carboxyhemoglobin
C)carbaminohemoglobin
D)oxyhemoglobin

Question 10

The hematocrit is the percentage of blood composed of:

A)leukocytes.
B)platelets.
C)plasma.
D)erythrocytes.

Question 11

What type of plasma protein are antibodies?

A)lipoprotein
B)clotting protein
C)immune protein
D)transport protein

Question 12

Since erythrocytes lack the cellular machinery to make repairs,they only live:

A)100- 120 days.
B)145- 175 days.
C)10- 20 days.
D)30- 60 days

Question 13

Which of the following statements about blood is FALSE?

A)Blood is more viscous than water.
B)Blood pH normally falls between 6.5 and 6.8.
C)Blood performs immune functions.
D)Blood helps maintain body temperature.

Question 14

Which of the following is considered a normal blood pH?

A)7)10
B)7)40
C)7)85
D)7)50

Question 15

All red blood cells in an adult originate in the:

A)heart.
B)red bone marrow.
C)spleen.
D)liver.

Question 16

The most abundant component of plasma is:

A)proteins.
B)gases.
C)water.
D)ions.

Question 17

What organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?

A)liver
B)brain
C)pancreas
D)spleen

Question 18

A centrifuged sample of blood shows 53% plasma,1% buffy coat,and 46% erythrocytes.What percent of the blood is the hematocrit?

A)46%
B)53%
C)47%
D)1%

Question 19

Which statement best describes red blood cells?

A)Red blood cells possess a protein known as hemoglobin.
B)Red blood cells form antibodies to fight antigens.
C)Red blood cells live about 10 days.
D)Red blood cells have a nucleus and most organelles.

Question 20

What is the oxygen-binding protein found in erythrocytes?

A)gamma globulin
B)beta globulin
C)hemoglobin
D)albumin

Question 21

Jerry is an alcoholic and does not eat enough food.He has been diagnosed with a vitamin deficiency.What blood disorder is the most likely a result of this deficiency?

A)pernicious anemia
B)hemolytic anemia
C)aplastic anemia
D)iron-deficiency anemia

Question 22

Through the microscope,you notice a very large leukocyte with a U-shaped nucleus but no granules.What type of leukocyte have you observed?

A)neutrophil
B)lymphocyte
C)monocyte
D)basophil

Question 23

During a tapeworm infection,you would expect to see increased numbers of:

A)eosinophils.
B)basophils.
C)lymphocytes.
D)neutrophils.

Question 24

Which of the following might trigger erythropoiesis?

A)an increased number of RBCs
B)moving to a lower altitude
C)decreased tissue demand for oxygen
D)blood oxygen levels fall below normal

Question 25

Which type of leukocyte may produce antibodies?

A)neutrophil
B)eosinophil
C)lymphocyte
D)monocyte

Question 26

All leukocytes arise from:

A)lymphoid stem cells.
B)leukoblasts.
C)hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
D)myeloid stem cells.

Question 27

Select the correct pathway to form a monocyte through the process of leukopoiesis.

A)HSC,myeloid cell line,monoblast,promonocyte,monocyte
B)HSC,lymphoid cell line,monoblast,promonocyte,monocyte
C)HSC,lymphoid cell line,myeloid stem cell,monoblast,promonocyte,monocyte
D)HSC,myeloid cell line,myeloblast,promyelocyte,monocyte band cell,monocyte

Question 28

Which leukocytes are active phagocytes?

A)lymphocytes and monocytes
B)eosinophils and basophils
C)neutrophils and monocytes
D)reticulocytes and erythrocytes

Question 29

Bilirubin comes from the breakdown of:

A)heme molecules of hemoglobin that lack iron.
B)globin chains of hemoglobin.
C)iron ions found in hemoglobin molecules.
D)amino acids of hemoglobin.

Question 30

Which organ traps older erythrocytes so they will be removed from circulation?

A)stomach
B)spleen
C)gallbladder
D)pancreas

Question 31

Lymphocytes and monocytes both arise from:

A)the myeloid cell line.
B)hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
C)myeloblasts.
D)the lymphoid cell line.

Question 32

Nora was exposed to radiation that caused her red bone marrow to make fewer red blood cells.This condition is known as:

A)iron-deficiency anemia.
B)aplastic anemia.
C)hemolytic anemia.
D)sickle cell anemia.

Question 33

What feature is shared by platelets and some leukocytes?

A)presence of granules
B)lack of a nucleus
C)presence of a nucleus
D)presence of most organelles

Question 34

Where do T lymphocytes mature?

A)tonsils
B)throat
C)thymus gland
D)thyroid gland

Question 35

What is the most common type of leukocyte in a healthy adult?

A)basophil
B)neutrophil
C)lymphocyte
D)eosinophil

Question 36

Neutrophils are most effective at:

A)fighting a viral infection.
B)fighting a parasitic infection.
C)antibody formation.
D)fighting a bacterial infection.

Question 37

The process of red blood cell production is known as:

A)erythropenia.
B)erythrocytosis.
C)erythropoiesis.
D)polycythemia.

Question 38

A bruise appears greenish in the skin because:

A)green-colored hemoglobin leaks from the bloodstream into the bruise.
B)dead white blood cells accumulate at the site of injury.
C)bilirubin from hemoglobin recycling has accumulated in the bruise.
D)the heme group in hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin.

Question 39

What feature do platelets possess?

A)the ability to reproduce by mitosis
B)plasma membrane
C)nucleus
D)protein-synthesizing organelles

Question 40

Which cell develops into mature neutrophils?

A)monoblast
B)band (stab)cell
C)lymphoblast
D)monocyte

Question 41

What activates the intrinsic/contact activation pathway of coagulation?

A)Release of tissue factor (Factor III)by subendothelial cells
B)Fibrinogen is converted to fibrin.
C)Factor XII contacts exposed collagen fibers.
D)Prothrombin is converted to thrombin.

Question 42

During a transfusion,if incompatible antigens are introduced,antibodies can bind to foreign antigens,causing them to clump together,or:

A)granulate.
B)coagulate.
C)agglutinate.
D)activate.

Question 43

Which blood type carries anti-A antibodies in the plasma?

A)AB+
B)B-
C)A+
D)A-

Question 44

During the common pathway,what turns fibrinogen into fibrin?

A)plasmin
B)tissue factor
C)prothrombin
D)thrombin

Question 45

Carbohydrate groups on the surfaces of erythrocytes determine blood type and are known as:

A)agglutinins.
B)tissue factors.
C)antigens.
D)antibodies.

Question 46

Which of the following blood types is incompatible for donation to A+?

A)B-
B)O-
C)O+
D)A-

Question 47

What blood type is considered the universal donor?

A)AB-
B)AB+
C)A+
D)O-

Question 48

What vitamin is necessary for the proper production of functional clotting factors in the liver?

A)vitamin C
B)vitamin E
C)vitamin K
D)vitamin D

Question 49

In the common pathway of coagulation,what factor combines with factor Va and calcium ions to form prothrombin activator?

A)IXa
B)XIIa
C)Xa
D)VIIa

Question 50

The ABO blood group is based on which antigen(s)?

A)antigen O
B)antigens A and B
C)antigen D
D)antigen Rh

Question 51

What ions are necessary for both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways to the coagulation cascade?

A)magnesium ions
B)calcium ions
C)potassium ions
D)iron ions

Question 52

The stoppage of bleeding is known as:

A)platelet plug formation.
B)coagulation.
C)thrombolysis.
D)hemostasis.

Question 53

Which blood type is compatible with B- during a transfusion?

A)O-
B)O+
C)B+
D)AB-

Question 54

Platelets are cell fragments formed from:

A)monoblasts.
B)megakaryocytes.
C)myeloblasts.
D)lymphocytes.

Question 55

Which of the following must occur first during hemostasis?

A)clot retraction
B)formation of thrombin
C)formation of fibrin
D)thrombolysis

Question 56

Medications known as anticoagulants interfere with:

A)platelet activation.
B)vascular spasms.
C)platelet aggregation.
D)the coagulation cascade.

Question 57

When is fibrin produced during the coagulation cascade?

A)extrinsic pathway
B)intrinsic pathway
C)common pathway
D)both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways

Question 58

Some rat poisons contain a toxin that blocks the liver's ability to utilize vitamin K.Animals that consume this poison would have problems with:

A)thrombolysis.
B)coagulation.
C)agglutination.
D)erythropoiesis.

Question 59

How do vascular spasms contribute to the process of hemostasis?

A)Vascular spasms cause activated platelets to release the contents of their granules.
B)Vascular spasms transform fibrinogen into fibrin.
C)Vascular spasms cause platelets to adhere to exposed collagen.
D)Vascular spasms limit blood loss.

Question 60

Select the appropriate pathway for the steps of hemostasis.

A)vascular spasms,coagulation,platelet plug formation,clot retraction,thrombolysis
B)platelet plug formation,vascular spasms,coagulation,clot retraction,thrombolysis
C)vascular spasms,platelet plug formation,coagulation,thrombolysis,clot retraction
D)vascular spasms,platelet plug formation,coagulation,clot retraction,thrombolysis

Question 61

When oxygen concentrations are low in tissues surrounding systemic capillaries,hemoglobin releases oxygen to become carboxyhemoglobin.

Question 62

The majority of blood is plasma.

Question 63

Tiesha has been sick for weeks.When her complete blood count (CBC)was examined,she had higher than normal levels of neutrophils.Provide a reason for why Tiesha experienced an increase in neutrophils that may explain her illness.

Question 64

Erythropoiesis operates on a positive feedback loop maintained by erythropoietin.

Question 65

Explain how a reticulocyte differs from an erythrocyte.

Question 66

Explain how you would distinguish a granulocyte from an agranulocyte when viewing these cells through a microscope.

Question 67

Agglutination occurs when blood type B+ receives blood type O- in a transfusion.

Question 68

Explain how megakaryocytes form platelets.

Question 69

Both granulocytes and agranulocytes arise from the lymphoid stem cell line.

Question 70

The most common cause of abnormal hemoglobin is an inherited condition known as sickle-cell anemia.

Question 71

What is the hematocrit?

Question 72

The most common leukocyte is the neutrophil while the least common leukocyte is the basophil.

Question 73

Platelets can undergo mitosis and perform repairs if damaged.

Question 74

Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin,a mesh that glues together the platelet plug and helps seal the damaged vessel.

Question 75

Thrombolysis begins with fibrinolysis and the breakdown of the fibrin glue that was produced during coagulation.

Question 76

A young patient has a type of cancer called acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).In a child with ALL,too many cells become lymphoblasts.Into what type of cells do lymphoblasts differentiate?

Question 77

Describe the structure of hemoglobin.

Question 78

What is found in the buffy coat when blood is centrifuged? What percent of total blood volume does the buffy coat contribute?

Question 79

Explain how oxyhemoglobin differs from deoxyhemoglobin.

Question 80

Explain the negative feedback loop by which erythropoiesis is regulated.