Deck 5: Anxiety in Sport and Exercise

Question 1

When exercisers who are high social physique anxiety workout in a room with mirrors,they also tend to have anxiety.

A)elevated state
B)elevated trait
C)elevated arousal
D)decreased burnout
E)decreased social

Answer 1

elevated state

Question 2

In general,a female collegiate exerciser who holds beliefs in her ability to present oneself as an exerciser has _ social physique anxiety.

A)weak; low
B)strong; high
C)moderate; no
D)weak; high
E)Self- presentational self- efficacy is not related to social physique anxiety among college women.

Answer 2

weak; high

Question 3

When an athlete is experiencing an increase in state anxiety and is consequently unable to attend to and process information,he or she would be categorized as having a problem with _.

A)cognitive information processing
B)hyperdistraction
C)identifying task- relevant cues
D)motor performance
E)attention focus and selectivity

Answer 3

attention focus and selectivity

Question 4

A baseball player who was nervous moments earlier when a strike was called,but is now elated because she hit a double,is displaying which type of anxiety?

A)Trait anxiety
B)Cognitive anxiety
C)Somatic anxiety
D)State anxiety
E)Social physique anxiety

Question 5

What is the state to describe an athlete's attentional focus that occurs during choking situations?

A)Narrowing of attention
B)Paralysis- by- analysis
C)Cognitive information processing
D)Overaroused
E)Identifying task- relevant cues

Question 6

Athletes use which of the following coping skills to manage anxiety symptoms?

A)Cognitive restructuring
B)Relaxation
C)Imagery
D)Self- talk
E)All of the above

Question 7

What is the relationship between social physique anxiety and exercise behavour?

A)Individuals high in social physique anxiety exercise more.
B)There is no relationship between social physique anxiety and exercise behaviour.
C)Individuals high in social physique anxiety exercise more or less depending on self- presentation beliefs.
D)Individuals high in social physique anxiety exercise less.
E)None of the above is true regarding the relationship between social physique anxiety and exercise behaviour.

Question 8

A football player who holds positive beliefs about the group's ability to work together to achieve success would probably report having less precompetitive anxiety compared to those whose beliefs are negative.

A)social physique
B)trait
C)cognitive
D)somatic
E)state

Question 9

Which theory suggests that a hockey player's optimal intensity bar of competitive state anxiety is individual and is dependent upon the player,not the type of sport or sport skills that the athlete is to perform?

A)Self- presentation theory
B)Multidimensional anxiety theory
C)Theory of planned behaviour
D)Catastrophe theory
E)Zone of optimal functioning theory

Question 10

Which theory suggests that the optimal intensity zone of competitive state anxiety required for optimal performance from members of any sport team is likely to differ among the players?

A)Multidimensional anxiety theory
B)Zone of optimal functioning theory
C)Self- determination theory
D)Catastrophe theory
E)Self- presentation theory

Question 11

Mary is a participant in a noon- hour fitness class at her University.She is a 2nd year undergraduate student and is characterized as fit and attractive.In which of the following conditions is Mary likely to experience elevated state anxiety in her exercise class?

A)When the instructor wears revealing clothing
B)When her class consists of only women
C)When her instructor uses a bland teaching style
D)When her class has the mirrors covered up
E)Mary is likely to experience elevated state anxiety in none of these class situations.

Question 12

Which theory proposes that increases in cognitive anxiety are associated with decreases in sport performance?

A)Zone of optimal functioning theory
B)Self- presentational theory
C)Catastrophe theory
D)Multidimensional anxiety theory
E)None of the above

Question 13

Athletes who consistently experience high levels of worry and apprehension prior to sport competition also tend to have .

A)lowered levels of enjoyment with sport
B)increased dropout rates
C)enhanced feelings of burnout
D)increased susceptibility to athletic injury
E)All of the above

Question 14

Among college women,what is the strongest predictor of social physique anxiety?

A)Skill level of exerciser
B)Body mass index (BMI)
C)Age
D)Trait anxiety
E)Exercise level

Question 15

An athlete who is predisposed to worrying that future performance will be less than stellar is exhibiting which type of anxiety?

A)Trait anxiety
B)Somatic anxiety
C)Cognitive anxiety
D)State anxiety
E)Performance anxiety

Question 16

A basketball player who has a high tendency to experience anxiety in most competitive situations would probably report having more anxiety prior to the championship game compared to other players who have lower tendencies.

A)somatic
B)trait
C)social physique
D)state
E)cognitive

Question 17

A common error among figure skaters during high- pressure competition is to mistime the takeoff of a jump.This error,which is associated with increased arousal,is likely due to

A)difficulties in coordination of a movement.
B)increases in muscular tension.
C)the narrowing of attention.
D)attending to threatening task- irrelevant cues.
E)changes in cognitive information processing.

Question 18

The catastrophe theory makes which of the following predictions?

A)When cognitive state anxiety is high,elevations in cognitive state anxiety can be positive or negative for performance.
B)When cognitive state anxiety is low,the relationship between physiological arousal and performance is uniform or in an inverted- U shape.
C)When physiological arousal is low,elevations in cognitive state anxiety are associated with enhanced performance relative to baseline.
D)When physiological arousal is high,elevations in cognitive state anxiety are associated with declines in performance.
E)All of the above

Question 19

Which one of the following statements is true regarding recent studies investigating state anxiety responses?

A)Exercising in the presence of others can increase state anxiety responses in men and women.
B)Exercising with others who are non- enthusiastic about exercise can increase state anxiety responses of women exercisers.
C)Exercising with others who interact with others can increase state anxiety responses of male and female exercisers.
D)Exercising with women can increase state anxiety responses in men exercisers.
E)All of the above statements are true.

Question 20

Which one of the following statements is true regarding studies investigating cognitive and somatic state anxiety responses?

A)More skilled athletes view anxiety symptoms to be more facilitative for performance compared to less skilled athletes.
B)No differences in the intensity of symptoms exist in anxiety responses of novice and expert athletes.
C)Novice parachute jumpers differ from expert parachute jumpers in their arousal responses.
D)More experienced athletes report lower intensity of anxiety symptoms and that anxiety is facilitative for performance.
E)All of the above are true statements reported in the anxiety research.

Question 21

Immediate prior to the final game in the Canada West CIS championship series,Coach Win asks his star volleyball player whether he is feeling ready to give a best performance.Assuming that the star player is feeling pre- competitive anxiety,what dimension of pre- competitive anxiety is Coach Win asking about?

A)Intensity of symptoms
B)Trait anxiety
C)Frequency of cognitive intrusions
D)Directional interpretation of symptoms
E)Social physique anxiety

Question 22

List the five predictions the catastrophe theory makes about the combined influences of cognitive state anxiety and physiological arousal on athletic performance.

Question 23

Differentiate between the terms anxiety and arousal,state and trait anxiety,and cognitive and somatic anxiety.

Question 24

Joseph,who has the best free- throw percentage on the team,is fouled with 2 seconds to go in regulation time with the score tied in the conference final.Joseph is visibly nervous as he wipes his hands on his jersey walking to the foul line.Joseph misses both shots and the team must continue playing in the overtime period.What can explain Joseph's poor performance?

A)Joseph attended to threatening task- irrelevant cues.
B)Joseph experienced increased muscular tension.
C)Joseph experienced difficulties in coordinating his movements.
D)Joseph shifted his attention to a conscious,controlled processing system.
E)All of the above can explain Joseph's poor performance.

Question 25

Identify five categories of personal sources of anxiety.

Question 26

Briefly describe how cognitive and physiological mechanisms important for optimal performance are disrupted by state anxiety responses.

Question 27

List and briefly explain three dimensions of an anxiety response.

Question 28

Because sport performance is a complex behaviour,the relationship between anxiety and sport performance should be also be complex.

Question 29

Explain how social physique anxiety is related to exercise behaviour.

Question 30

Describe the temporal patterning of the intensity of multidimensional anxiety in
competitive settings.

Question 31

Explain how anxiety affects sport performance according to the zone of optimal functioning theory.

Question 32

Identify three common myths about anxiety in sport and physical activity and provide a key fact that disputes each one.

Question 33

Physical activity can be a coping strategy to manage social physique anxiety symptoms.

Question 34

List and briefly explain four exercise situation- based sources of anxiety.

Question 35

What could a coach expect about her players' anxiety responses in the hours immediately prior to an important competitive event?

A)An increase in the frequency of cognitive intrusions
B)A sharp increase in the intensity of cognitive anxiety symptoms
C)An increase in the perception that anxiety symptoms are facilitative for performance
D)No change in the intensity of somatic anxiety symptoms
E)All of the above statements are true.

Question 36

Hanna,a University freshman,is about to go to her first exercise class.Hanna is concerned that she isn't wearing the right clothes and that everyone in the class will think that she is unfit and her body is unattractive.What would this phenomenon be described as?

A)Trait anxiety
B)Social physique anxiety
C)State anxiety
D)Cognitive anxiety
E)Somatic anxiety

Question 37

Unidimensional theories of arousal and anxiety,such as the drive theory and inverted- U theory,are largely ignored by sport and exercise anxiety researchers.

Question 38

Anxiety is a negative emotion and therefore,negatively impacts performance.

Question 39

Which dimension of anxiety is assessed by a questionnaire item that asks the exercise participant to rate 'how much' the person is experiencing an anxiety symptom?

A)State anxiety
B)Directional interpretation of symptoms
C)Frequency of cognitive intrusions
D)Intensity of symptoms
E)Trait anxiety

Question 40

What is a blend of physiological and psychological activation within a person that varies in intensity on a continuum ranging from deep sleep to peak activation known as?

A)Anxiety
B)Arousal
C)Cognitive anxiety
D)State anxiety
E)Somatic anxiety

Question 41

Anxiety disruptions to performance may be either cognitive or physiological in nature.

Question 42

Exercise participants,both inexperienced and experienced,have increased state anxiety responses in exercise environments that favor revealing clothing.

Question 43

A disadvantage of the multidimensional anxiety theory for explaining differences in athlete's performance is that it uses a three- dimensional model.

Question 44

Competitive experience is a more sensitive indicator than age or skill level to determine differences in athletes experience of anxiety.

Question 45

Social physique anxiety is more likely to be higher among exercising women than exercising men.

Question 46

Most of the sport and exercise research investigating anxiety has exclusively examined the frequency of the cognitive intrusion dimension of anxiety.