Deck 13: Physical Activity Interventions

Question 1

One successful way to change people's attitudes toward physical activity is

A)by doing what friends want you to do.
B)by ensuring that they follow through with their intentions.
C)by knowing what everyone else is doing.
D)through a persuasive advertisement campaign.

Answer 1

through a persuasive advertisement campaign.

Question 2

The transtheoretical model reminds us that interventions should

A)include educational programs.
B)be tailored to the specific exercise stage that an individual is in.
C)affect attitude change.
D)include behavioural contracts.

Answer 2

be tailored to the specific exercise stage that an individual is in.

Question 3

According to the transtheoretical model,providing information about how to overcome barriers to exercise would be beneficial for someone in the stage of physical activity.

A)preparation
B)action
C)pre- contemplation
D)contemplation

Answer 3

action

Question 4

According to the theory of planned behaviour,the most immediate predictor of behaviour is an individual's

A)attitude toward the behaviour.
B)evaluation of what others think he/she should do.
C)perception of the how much control they have over the behaviour.
D)intention to complete the behaviour.

Question 5

The main advantage of mass media campaigns is that

A)it is very personal.
B)the information reaches large numbers of people.
C)it has long term effects on behaviour change.
D)it is very expensive.

Question 6

According to the transtheoretical model,when an individual is in the maintenance stage of behavioural change they

A)intend to make a change within six months.
B)plan on sustaining a new behaviour.
C)intend to make a change within the next month.
D)do not intend to make a behavioural change.

Question 7

Exercise intervention research

A)is based only on theory.
B)is based on developing relationships among constructs.
C)is not based on theory.
D)can be based on theory or may not be based on theory.

Question 8

According to the transtheoretical model,helping individuals organize and plan exercise into their lives would be beneficial for someone in the stage of physical activity.

A)contemplation
B)action
C)preparation
D)pre- contemplation

Question 9

Task self- efficacy is confidence in one's ability to

A)complete the components in the exercise session.
B)overcome barriers that may arise when participating in exercise.
C)engage in physical activity regularly.
D)plan and organize exercise in one's life.

Question 10

The focus of outcome research is to

A)develop an intervention and test whether or not it positively affects exercise behaviour.
B)develop desirable physical activity outcomes.
C)evaluate how physical activity helps individuals cope with chronic illness.
D)evaluate how physical activity is used to change desirable behavioural and psychological outcomes.

Question 11

Behavioural approaches to exercise intervention research

A)are based on how information is delivered to an individual.
B)are based on theoretical constructs.
C)teach an individual specific management skills.
D)are geared toward adults.

Question 12

The main advantage of computer technology as a way to deliver exercise information is that

A)it is very personal.
B)people most have access to a computer.
C)large numbers of people can be reached with minimal cost.
D)people need to have knowledge of how to use computers.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of an implementation intention?

A)"When I get in the car,I will drive to the gym."
B)"I intend to run this week."
C)"I intend to exercise three times per week."
D)"I want to exercise more frequently"

Question 14

Determinant research does not evaluate

A)strategies that target social factors.
B)support from significant family members for physical activity.
C)social factors that affect exercise behaviour.
D)attitudes toward physical activity.

Question 15

The intent of treatment research is to

A)change an individual's life experience in some way through the use of physical activity.
B)develop successful exercise outcomes.
C)develop a successful physical activity intervention.
D)evaluate whether interventions positively affect exercise behaviour.

Question 16

Interventions that work best for children

A)include removing physical barriers.
B)target the entire family.
C)highlight the health benefits of exercise.
D)include low intensity exercise.

Question 17

Intervention research

A)seeks to manipulate the different factors that affect physical activity.
B)evaluates factors that predict exercise adherence.
C)evaluates personal factors that influence exercise behaviour.
D)is primarily concerned with physical activity statistics.

Question 18

A physical activity counselor

A)teaches individuals how to perform exercises correctly.
B)leads group exercise classes.
C)uses behaviour modification techniques to help individuals exercise more regularly.
D)is a medical doctor.

Question 19

The SMART principles of goal setting suggest that a goal should be

A)specific,measureable,accommodating,realistic,and timely.
B)specific,meaningful,achievable,realistic,and timely.
C)specific,measureable,achievable,realistic,and timely.
D)specific,meaningful,accommodating,realistic,and timely.

Question 20

According to the transtheoretical model,when an individual is in the preparation stage of behavioural change they

A)intend to make a change within six months.
B)do not intend to make a behavioural change.
C)plan on maintaining a new behaviour.
D)intend to make a change within the next month.

Question 21

One key component of interventions geared toward changing exercise behaviour is increasing self- efficacy perceptions.Describe two ways that you would help an individual feel more confident about their ability to exercise?

Question 22

Delivery approaches to exercise intervention research

A)are based on theoretical constructs.
B)are geared toward adults.
C)are based on how information is delivered to an individual.
D)teach an individual specific management skills.

Question 23

You have just been hired as the strength training coach for a high school soccer team.You have designed a fantastic training program for the athletes.What strategies would you use to help them actually complete the training program?

Question 24

According to the transtheoretical model,when an individual is in the contemplation stage of behavioural change they

A)do not intend to make a behavioural change.
B)plan on sustaining a new behaviour.
C)intend to make a change within six months.
D)intend to make a change within the next month.

Question 25

According to the transtheoretical model,when an individual is in the action stage of behavioural change they

A)plan on starting a new behaviour.
B)intend to make a change within six months.
C)intend to make a change within the next month.
D)do not intend to make a behavioural change.

Question 26

According to the transtheoretical model,advice to help individuals identify the benefits of exercise should be given to someone in the stage of physical activity.

A)preparation
B)action
C)contemplation
D)pre- contemplation

Question 27

Theory based research

A)evaluates behavioural outcomes.
B)is not concerned about relationships among constructs.
C)proposes new relationships among constructs.
D)evaluates the relationship among constructs as outlined by established theories.

Question 28

According to the Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute,what percentage of Canadians can be classified as inactive or sedentary?

A)41%
B)21%
C)31%
D)51%

Question 29

Persuasive communication is one way to provoke attitude change and is based on providing specific information regarding beliefs about physical activity.What would you say to an individual who has just been diagnosed with diabetes and feels that they don't have time to exercise in order to change their attitude about physical activity?

Question 30

The most successful interventions will be based on utilizing many of the strategies reviewed in the chapter.Several key components were identified as increasing the probability of an intervention being successful.Describe three of these recommendations.

Question 31

Physical activity has been used by researchers to help individuals cope with chronic illness.Describe how exercising through cancer treatments has helped individuals.

Question 32

According to the transtheoretical model,when an individual is in the pre- contemplation stage of behavioural change they

A)plan on maintaining a new behaviour.
B)intend to make a change within the next month.
C)do not intend to make a behavioural change.
D)intend to make a change within six months.

Question 33

Why is it important to read research on exercise interventions very carefully? Why must you take note of the subjects' characteristics,location of research,and related factors?

Question 34

Using a journal to keep track of how often you attend your yoga class is an example of

A)behavioural contracts.
B)goal setting.
C)behavioural monitoring.
D)physical activity contracts.

Question 35

There are many types of self- efficacy.Confidence in one's ability to engage in physical activity is known as:

A)barrier self- efficacy.
B)in- class self- efficacy.
C)scheduling self- efficacy.
D)exercise self- efficacy.

Question 36

Stage- targeted activity interventions are no more likely to induce changes in motivation than approaches that do not consider stages.

Question 37

Computer technology would best be used to help seniors exercise more regularly.

Question 38

Behavioural approaches teach individuals specific management skills necessary for the successful maintenance of physical activity.Explain and give an example of a successful behavioural strategy.

Question 39

According to the theory of planned behaviour,an individual's intention to engage in exercise is determined by

A)their attitudes toward physical activity.
B)the social support they experience for physical activity.
C)the barrier self- efficacy that they experience.
D)their subjective evaluation of exercise.

Question 40

The transtheoretical model does a good job of describing the different exercise stages that an individual may currently be in.According to this model successful interventions will need to be stage matched in some way in order to be successful.Describe the strategies that you could use to encourage physical activity in an individual in the contemplation stage.How would these differ from the strategies you would implement for an individual in the maintenance stage of behaviour change?

Question 41

Behavioural approaches are based on how information is delivered to an individual.

Question 42

There is only one type of self- efficacy that can be influenced in the exercise setting.

Question 43

Physical activity contracts work because they enhance an individual's motivation and commitment to attain a physical activity goal.

Question 44

Mass media campaigns are interventions that attempt to reach select individuals through public forums.

Question 45

Physical activity counseling is provided by trained health- care professionals who help individuals incorporate physical activity into their lifestyle.

Question 46

Exercise involvement usually increases with age.

Question 47

Physical inactivity among Canadians is very costly to our healthcare system.

Question 48

Computer technology may not have long last effects because the supportive environment provided by people is missing.