Question 1

A 7-year-old child has a cough,runny nose,congestion,and fever,and the parents ask the nurse to recommend an over-the-counter product. Which response by the nurse is correct?&#10;A) &#34;Any product will be effective when combined with vitamin C and zinc.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;It is best to use single-agent medications to treat individual symptoms.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;The fever indicates that your child may need an antibiotic; you should call your provider.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;You should ask your provider to prescribe a combination product that will treat multiple symptoms.&#34;

Accepted Answer

Combination medications may provide ingredients that are not needed or may provide ingredients that are either excessive or subtherapeutic. It is best to use single-agent drugs to treat individual symptoms. The efficacy of vitamin C and zinc for treating colds in children has not been established. Fever may accompany viral respiratory infections and not necessarily bacterial infections that need an antibiotic.

Question 2

Which medication used for asthma has off-label uses to treat allergic rhinitis?&#10;A) Diphenhydramine [Benadryl]&#10;B) Fexofenadine/pseudoephedrine [Allegra-D]&#10;C) Guaifenesin [Mucinex]&#10;D) Omalizumab [Xolair]

Accepted Answer

Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody directed against IgE that plays a role in the release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells and basophils. It is currently only approved for allergy-mediated asthma but is being used off-label to treat other allergic symptoms. Diphenhydramine,fexofenadine/pseudoephedrine,and guaifenesin are not used to treat asthma.

Question 3

A parent asks a nurse about giving diphenhydramine [Benadryl] to a child to relieve cold symptoms. Which response by the nurse is correct?&#10;A) &#34;Benadryl must be given in higher doses to provide relief for cold symptoms.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;Intranasal glucocorticoids are more effective for treating cold symptoms.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;Nasal antihistamines are more effective for treating cold symptoms.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;Because histamine doesn't cause cold symptoms, Benadryl would not be effective.&#34;

Accepted Answer

Histamine does not contribute to symptoms of infectious rhinitis; therefore,antihistamines are of no use in treating cold symptoms. Giving antihistamines in higher doses does not provide relief for infectious rhinitis. Intranasal glucocorticoids are not useful for infectious rhinitis. Nasal antihistamines are not effective for treating infectious rhinitis.

Question 4

A patient who has seasonal allergies in the spring and fall asks the nurse about oral antihistamines. Which response by the nurse is correct?&#10;A) &#34;Anticholinergic effects are more common with second-generation antihistamines.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;First-generation antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine [Benadryl], are more effective.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;Make sure you take antihistamines only when you have symptoms to minimize side effects.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;You should take oral antihistamines daily during each allergy season to get maximum effects.&#34;

Accepted Answer

Antihistamines are most effective when they are taken prophylactically,and they should be administered on a regular basis throughout the allergy season,even when symptoms are not present. They are less helpful when taken after symptoms appear. Second-generation antihistamines have fewer anticholinergic effects than first-generation antihistamines. First-generation antihistamines are not more effective than second-generation antihistamines. Oral antihistamines are not as effective when given on a PRN basis.

Question 5

A patient who has a viral upper respiratory infection reports having a runny nose and a cough that prevents sleep and asks the nurse to recommend an over-the-counter medication. Which medication will the nurse recommend?

A) Diphenhydramine [Benadryl]
B) Fexofenadine/pseudoephedrine [Allegra-D]
C) Guaifenesin [Mucinex]
D) Phenylephrine drops

Accepted Answer

Diphenhydramine is effective in suppressing cough and also has sedative effects when used in doses to suppress cough. Fexofenadine/pseudoephedrine is a combination antihistamine/decongestant and will not help with cough. Guaifenesin helps make coughs more productive but will not suppress cough or help with sleep. Phenylephrine drops have decongestant properties.

Question 6

A patient admitted to the hospital has been using phenylephrine nasal spray [Neo-Synephrine],2 sprays every 4 hours,for a week. The patient complains that the medication is not working,because the nasal congestion has increased. What will the nurse do?

A) Request an order for an oral decongestant to replace the intranasal phenylephrine.
B) Request an order for an intranasal glucocorticoid to be used while the phenylephrine is withdrawn.
C) Tell the patient to increase the dose of phenylephrine to 4 sprays every 4 hours.
D) Tell the patient to stop using the phenylephrine and begin using an intranasal antihistamine.

Accepted Answer

This patient is experiencing rebound congestion,which develops when topical sympathomimetics are used for longer than a few days. Abrupt withdrawal can stop the cycle of rebound congestion but is uncomfortable,so using an intranasal glucocorticoid,beginning one week before discontinuing the decongestant,while withdrawing the decongestant,is recommended. An oral decongestant is not recommended. Increasing the dose of the intranasal decongestant will only compound the problem of rebound congestion. Stopping the intranasal decongestant will only increase the congestion; using an intranasal antihistamine will not help with congestion.

Question 7

A child who has perennial allergic rhinitis has been using an intranasal glucocorticoid. The provider has ordered montelukast [Singulair] to replace the glucocorticoid,because the child has frequent nosebleeds. When teaching this child's parents about montelukast,the nurse will include which statement?

A) "Montelukast is also effective for treating infectious rhinitis."
B) "Montelukast may cause behavior changes in your child."
C) "Montelukast will treat both congestion and rhinitis."
D) "Montelukast works best when combined with a topical decongestant."

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Accepted Answer

Montelukast can cause rare but serious neuropsychiatric effects in patients,and parents should be warned of this possibility. It is not useful for treating infectious rhinitis. It does not affect congestion. It is not necessary to add a topical decongestant when using this drug for allergic rhinitis.

Question 8

A patient with a cough has been advised to use guaifenesin. The patient asks the nurse to explain the purpose of the drug. The nurse will explain that guaifenesin:&#10;A) dries secretions to help suppress coughing so patients can rest.&#10;B) helps stimulate the flow of secretions to increase cough productivity.&#10;C) helps to relieve chest pain associated with a cough.&#10;D) stimulates the body's natural immune responses.

Accepted Answer

Expectorants stimulate the flow of respiratory tract secretions to improve cough productivity. Guaifenesin does not dry secretions,because it does not have anticholinergic effects. Guaifenesin does not alleviate pain associated with cough. Guaifenesin does not stimulate immune responses.

Question 9

A child with seasonal rhinitis has used budesonide [Rhinocort Aqua] for several years. The parents are concerned that the child's rate of growth has slowed. What will the nurse do?&#10;A) Reassure the parents that this is an expected side effect.&#10;B) Suggest that the parents discuss using fluticasone [Flonase] with the provider.&#10;C) Tell the parents to administer the drug only when symptoms are severe.&#10;D) Tell the parents that antihistamines work as well as intranasal glucocorticoids.

Accepted Answer

A worrisome systemic effect of intranasal glucocorticoids is suppression of linear growth in children. Although rare,it can occur; however,it is less likely with fluticasone and mometasone,so these two preparations are better options for children. Reassuring parents that this is an expected side effect is incorrect. Intranasal glucocorticoids should be given daily and not as needed. Antihistamines are not as effective as glucocorticoids,because antihistamines work only against one mediator of allergic inflammation.

Question 10

A patient with allergic rhinitis is taking a compound product of loratadine/pseudoephedrine [Claritin-D] every 12 hours. The patient complains of insomnia. The nurse notes that the patient is restless and anxious. The patient's heart rate is 90 beats per minute,and the blood pressure is 130/85 mm Hg. The nurse will contact the provider to:

A) discuss using an intranasal glucocorticoid and loratadine [Claritin].
B) report acute toxicity caused by pseudoephedrine.
C) suggest using an agent with a sympathomimetic drug only.
D) suggest using a topical decongestant to minimize systemic symptoms.

Accepted Answer

This patient is showing central nervous system (CNS)and cardiovascular side effects of the pseudoephedrine. A better option would be to use single-ingredient products for each symptom; an intranasal glucocorticoid and an oral antihistamine are considered first-line treatments. This patient is demonstrating adverse effects but not acute toxicity. Using a sympathomimetic agent would increase the adverse effects,because pseudoephedrine is a sympathomimetic drug. Topical decongestants are not first-line drugs for allergic rhinitis.

Question 11

What is ipratropium bromide [Atrovent]?&#10;A) A cholinergic agent used for perennial rhinitis&#10;B) An anticholinergic used for allergic rhinitis and colds&#10;C) A medication that is used only in patients with asthma&#10;D) A drug that is inappropriate for use in patients with allergic rhinitis

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is ipratropium bromide [Atrovent]?&#10;A) A cholinergic...

Question 12

A patient asks the nurse what type of medications would be most effective for treating seasonal and perennial rhinitis. Which response by the nurse is correct?&#10;A) Pseudoephedrine [Sudafed]&#10;B) Fluticasone propionate [Fluticasone]&#10;C) Loratadine [Claritin]&#10;D) Intranasal cromolyn sodium [Atrovent]

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient asks the nurse what type...

Question 13

A parent asks a nurse to recommend an intranasal decongestant for a 6-year-old child. Which response by the nurse is correct?&#10;A) &#34;Decongestants are too sedating for children and should not be used.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;Decongestants should not be given to children under 7 years old.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;Decongestant drops are recommended instead of decongestant sprays.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;Decongestant sprays should be used no longer than 5 to 10 days.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A parent asks a nurse to recommend...

Question 14

A nurse provides teaching to a patient with allergic rhinitis who will begin using an intranasal glucocorticoid. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the teaching?&#10;A) &#34;If the glucocorticoid causes burning or itching, I should use it every other day.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;I should use a decongestant if necessary before using the glucocorticoid.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;I should use the glucocorticoid whenever I have symptoms.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;I will probably develop systemic effects from the topical glucocorticoid.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse provides teaching to a patient...

Deck 77: Drugs for Allergic Rhinitis, Cough, and Colds