Deck 81: Vitamins

Question 1

A patient with hyperlipidemia has been told by the provider to take extra niacin. The nurse will tell the patient to:

A) increase servings of poultry, fish, and cereals.
B) take nicotinamide supplements.
C) take nicotinic acid supplements.
D) take tryptophan supplements.

Answer 1

take nicotinic acid supplements.

Question 2

A patient who is known to be a heavy drinker is brought to the emergency department with ataxia and confusion. The patient cannot remember the events of the previous day. The examination reveals nystagmus,and the patient reports having double vision. The nurse will expect to administer which vitamin to this patient?

A) Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) IV
B) Intramuscular pyridoxine (vitamin B₆)
C) Intravenous thiamine (vitamin B₁)
D) Nicotinic acid (niacin) PO

Answer 2

Intravenous thiamine (vitamin B₁)

Question 3

A nursing student asks a nurse working in the newborn nursery how vitamin K deficiency is treated in newborns. Which response by the nurse is correct?

A) "A newborn infant's intestinal flora will produce vitamin K."
B) "If coagulation studies show a bleeding disorder, oral menadione is given."
C) "Menadione is given intravenously shortly after delivery."
D) "Phytonadione is given intramuscularly immediately after delivery."

Answer 3

"Phytonadione is given intramuscularly immediately after delivery."

Question 4

What are the potential beneficial effects of taking vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol)supplements? (Select all that apply.)

A) Delayed progression of macular degeneration
B) Improved blood clotting
C) Lowered risk of developing Alzheimer's disease
D) Reduced risk of cardiovascular disease
E) Reduced risk of colds in elderly patients

Question 5

Which of the following vitamins can be stored by the body? (Select all that apply.)

A) Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol)
B) Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
C) Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B₁₂)
D) Folic acid
E) Vitamin D

Question 6

A nursing student asks a nurse about the recommendations for vitamin supplements to prevent cancer. Which statement by the student indicates a need for further teaching?

A) "Foods rich in antioxidant vitamins may confer protection by other means."
B) "Observational studies provide clear proof that some antioxidants reduce the risk of cancer."
C) "Randomized controlled studies have not demonstrated cancer prevention benefits."
D) "Some vitamins have an increased cancer risk associated with too low and too high amounts."

Question 7

The nurse is assessing a patient who is malnourished and has a history of poor nutrition. The patient reports difficulty seeing at night. This patient is likely to be deficient in which fat-soluble vitamin?

A) A (retinol)
B) D
C) E (alpha-tocopherol)
D) K

Question 8

Which B vitamin deficiency is associated with cheilosis,glossitis,vascularization of the cornea,and itchy dermatitis of the scrotum and vulva?

A) Niacin (nicotinic acid)
B) Pyridoxine (vitamin B₆)
C) Riboflavin (vitamin B₂)
D) Thiamine (vitamin B₁)

Question 9

An adult who has been self-medicating,using nutritional therapy for an elevated cholesterol level,complains of repeated episodes of flushing. The nurse suspects that the patient has been taking:

A) niacin.
B) thiamine.
C) riboflavin.
D) pyridoxine.

Question 10

A patient will begin taking iron supplements to treat anemia. The nurse will recommend that the patient take the iron with which food to facilitate absorption?

A) Cereal
B) Dairy products
C) Orange juice
D) Red meats

Question 11

A child is diagnosed with rickets. The nurse knows that this child is most likely deficient in which vitamin?

A) Niacin (nicotinic acid)
B) Thiamin (vitamin B1)
C) Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
D) Vitamin D

Question 12

A patient asks how she can consume optimal amounts of folate,because she is trying to get pregnant. The nurse will advise this patient to do what?

A) Eat foods naturally high in folate.
B) Stop worrying, because folate is present in many foods.
C) Take synthetic folate on an empty stomach.
D) Take synthetic folate in addition to foods high in folate.

Question 13

A nurse is discussing nutrition with a patient who expresses concern about not always consuming vitamins in amounts consistent with the recommended dietary allowances (RDAs). What will the nurse tell this patient?

A) The RDA is only an estimate of the amount of vitamins required and does not represent a scientific number.
B) The RDA is the amount of vitamin needed by 50% of the population regardless of age or gender.
C) The RDA represents the highest amount that can be consumed safely, so amounts less than this can be sufficient.
D) The RDA represents an average, so low intake one day can be compensated for by increased amounts on another day.

Question 14

A pregnant patient is discussing nutrition and vitamin supplements with the nurse. Which statement by the patient indicates an understanding of the use of nutrition and supplements during pregnancy?

A) "I can get adequate folic acid by consuming foods fortified with synthetic folate."
B) "I need reduced amounts of vitamin C while pregnant to lower my risk of hemorrhage."
C) "I should take vitamin K so my baby won't be vitamin K deficient at birth."
D) "Excessive amounts of vitamin A [retinol] can cause birth defects in my baby."

Question 15

A nurse is caring for a patient who recently immigrated from a Third World country. The patient is thin and appears malnourished. The nurse notes that the patient has loose and missing teeth,gingivitis,and bleeding gums. The patient has multiple sores and ecchymoses. The nurse will expect the provider to order:

A) cyanocobalamin (vitamin B₁₂).
B) high-dose nicotinic acid.
C) intramuscular thiamine for 1 to 2 weeks.
D) intravenous ascorbic acid.

Question 16

A patient who is malnourished has scaling,cracked skin on the arms and face. The patient is irritable,anxious,and has difficulty sleeping. The patient complains of soreness of the tongue and mouth. When teaching this patient about vitamin therapy for this disorder,the nurse will tell the patient to report which side effects?

A) Abdominal cramps and diarrhea
B) Flushing, dizziness, and nausea
C) Migraine headaches
D) Numbness of feet and hands