Deck 20: The Cardiovascular System: Blood

Question 1

A ʺcoming togetherʺ of alternate pathways of blood vessels.

A) vascular anastomosis
B) thoroughfare channel
C) metarterioles
D) converging veins
E) vasa vasorum

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Layer of blood vessels innervated by sympathetic vasomotor fibers.

A) vasa vasorum
B) tunica intima
C) tunica externa
D) tunica media
E) subendothelial layer

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Figure 20.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the common carotid arteries.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Figure 20.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the blood vessel layer that is comprised of circular and longitudinal smooth muscle.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 5

Figure 20.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the ulnar artery.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 6

Figure 20.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that is indicating the lumen.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 7

Figure 20.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the brachial artery.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 8

Structure that regulates blood flow into true capillaries.

A) fenestrations
B) metarteriole
C) thoroughfare channel
D) sinusoids
E) precapillary sphincter

Question 9

Figure 20.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the longest vein in the body.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 10

Figure 20.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the subendothelial layer associated with larger blood vessels.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 11

Figure 20.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the internal jugular vein.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 12

Figure 20.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the common iliac artery.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 13

Wide leaky capillaries found in bone marrow and spleen.

A) continuous capillaries
B) metarterioles
C) sinusoids
D) fenestrated capillaries
E) none of the above

Question 14

Figure 20.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the vessel that is easy to find in most people and is used to obtain blood.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 15

Capillaries consist of only this layer.

A) tunica externa
B) tunica media
C) subendothelial layer
D) tunica intima
E) vasa vasorum

Question 16

Figure 20.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates a connective tissue layer consisting of longitudinal collagen fibers.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 17

Figure 20.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the vessel that arises from the union of the left and right brachiocephalic veins.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 18

Figure 20.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the layer common to all blood vessels regardless of their size.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 19

Figure 20.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the cephalic vein.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 20

Figure 20.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the renal artery.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 21

Which vessel is missing in the following statement? ʺTracing venous blood from the inferior left side of the posterior abdominal wall to the heart, we find that blood enters the posterior intercostal veins, the hemiazygos vein, the superior vena cava, and the right atrium.ʺ

A) the inferior vena cava
B) the azygos vein
C) the right brachiocephalic vein
D) the hepatic portal vein

Question 22

Microvasculature that provides nourishment to the outer walls of the aorta.

A) tunica externa
B) tunica media
C) subendothelial layer
D) vasa vasorum
E) tunica intima

Question 23

The hepatic portal system has two distinct capillary beds separated by a portal vein. What are the functions of these two capillary beds?

A) The first picks up toxins from the liver, and the second delivers them to the digestive tube for detoxification.
B) The first nourishes the digestive tube, and the second picks up nutrients from the digestive tube.
C) The first picks up digested nutrients, and the second delivers these nutrients to liver cells.
D) The first provides oxygen to the liver, and the second picks up nutrients from the liver.

Question 24

Of the following, the only unpaired dural sinus is the

A) transverse sinus.
B) carotid sinus.
C) superior sagittal sinus.
D) cavernous sinus.

Question 25

Vessels of the small intestines, renal glomerulus, and synovial membranes that allow passage of fluid and solutes through ʺwindowsʺ in the endothelium.

A) metarterioles
B) sinusoids
C) fenestrated capillaries
D) continuous capillaries
E) none of the above

Question 26

The pulse of the facial artery is palpated

A) anterior to the auricle of the ear near the temple.
B) anterior to the masseter muscle at the inferior margin of the mandible.
C) in the anterior triangle of the neck.
D) anterior to the sternocleidomastoid.

Question 27

What artery enters the skull through the foramen spinosum and supplies the inner surface of the parietal bone, dura mater, and parts of the temporal bone?

A) middle cerebral artery
B) basilar artery
C) middle meningeal artery
D) internal carotid artery

Question 28

An aneurysm is

A) a rupture in an artery.
B) a stroke.
C) a sac-like widening or outpocketing of an artery.
D) a buildup of fatty deposits on an arterial wall.

Question 29

Most small molecules pass through a capillary wall through which route?

A) via pinocytotic vesicles
B) through intercellular clefts
C) through tight junctions
D) via direct diffusion through the endothelium

Question 30

Present in most capillaries, these structures are absent in those of the blood-brain barrier.

A) basement membrane
B) endothelial cells
C) tight junctions
D) pericytes
E) intercellular clefts

Question 31

Blood pressure is highest in the

A) arterioles.
B) elastic arteries.
C) veins.
D) capillaries.

Question 32

Two large (wide) arteries that have relatively superficial locations and are often wounded are the

A) brachial artery and posterior intercostal arteries.
B) right and left coronary arteries.
C) aorta and the popliteal artery.
D) common carotid artery and the femoral artery (in the superior thigh).

Question 33

Which layer of blood vessels contains smooth muscle tissue?

A) tunica adventitia
B) tunica media
C) tunica intima
D) tunica externa

Question 34

Collective name for the structures that drain the cranium.

A) inferior vena cava
B) internal jugular vein
C) cavernous sinuses
D) vascular anastomosis
E) dural sinuses

Question 35

The dorsalis pedis artery is located by

A) placing the fingers behind the knee.
B) finding the head of the fibula and palpating inferior to its neck.
C) placing a finger behind the medial malleolus.
D) palpating between the first and second metatarsal.

Question 36

In a capillary bed, relaxation of the precapillary sphincters causes more blood to flow

A) through the metarterioles.
B) through the true capillaries.
C) into the arterioles.
D) into the thoroughfare channels.

Question 37

Precapillary sphincters allow blood to leave this structure and enter true capillaries.

A) metarterioles
B) fenestrated capillaries
C) sinusoids
D) continuous capillaries
E) none of the above

Question 38

A blood vessel that ranges from 0.3 mm to about 1 cm in diameter and has a large tunica media relative to the size of the lumen is

A) a muscular artery.
B) a capillary.
C) an elastic artery.
D) an arteriole.

Question 39

Functionally, there are no valves in arteries (as opposed to in veins) because

A) the blood pressure in arteries is high enough that there is no backflow of blood.
B) valves direct blood only toward the heart and arterial blood passes away from the heart.
C) arteries get more atherosclerosis, so valves would cause lethal blood clotting.
D) valves would tear apart from the high arterial pressure.

Question 40

If a physician cannot feel a pulse in the popliteal fossa, the artery is most likely narrowed by atherosclerosis.

A) femoral
B) dorsalis pedis
C) greater saphenous
D) fibular

Question 41

The foramen ovale in the heart normally closes

A) shortly after birth.
B) in the 7-month fetus.
C) in the 2-month fetus.
D) never.

Question 42

What prevents the backflow of blood in veins?

A) valves
B) increased blood pressure
C) thick smooth muscle and elastic layers
D) the narrowed lumen

Question 43

Which of the following statements about arteries is false?

A) Arteries have a smaller lumen than veins of similar size.
B) Arterial walls are thicker than venous walls.
C) Arteries carry oxygenated blood to the heart.
D) Arteries have more elastin than veins.

Question 44

Which of the following statements about arterioles is false?

A) They have the largest content of smooth muscle in their tunica media.
B) They regulate the flow of blood to capillary beds through contraction and relaxation of the tunica media.
C) They redirect blood flow in a sympathetic response to skeletal muscle.
D) They can lead into metarterioles.

Question 45

Which branch (or branches) of the abdominal aorta supplies the stomach?

A) suprarenal arteries
B) inferior phrenic arteries
C) celiac trunk
D) superior mesenteric artery

Question 46

The diameter of a typical capillary is similar to that of

A) a fat cell.
B) a venule.
C) an erythrocyte.
D) a sinusoid.

Question 47

What vessel in the fetus connects the pulmonary trunk to the aortic arch so that most of the blood bypasses the immature lungs?

A) ductus arteriosus
B) umbilical vein
C) foramen ovale
D) ductus venosus

Question 48

Which of the following is most likely to become a varicose vein?

A) the femoral vein
B) the popliteal vein
C) the fibular (peroneal) vein
D) the saphenous vein

Question 49

The cerebral arterial circle forms a loop around which structures?

A) the internal and external carotid arteries
B) the cerebellum
C) the pituitary gland and the optic chiasma
D) the great vessels at the base of the heart

Question 50

The delivers arterial blood to the rotator cuff muscles and thyroid gland.

A) vertebral artery
B) axillary artery
C) costocervical trunk
D) thyrocervical trunk

Question 51

Systemic venous blood that is oxygen-poor but contains the lowest concentration of nitrogenous wastes occurs in the

A) hepatic portal vein.
B) renal veins.
C) pulmonary veins.
D) umbilical veins of the fetus.

Question 52

The largest molecules that pass through the walls of typical capillaries are thought to use which route?

A) direct diffusion through the endothelium
B) intercellular clefts
C) pinocytotic vesicles
D) tight junctions

Question 53

Which vessel is most commonly used to bypass a damaged coronary artery in coronary bypass surgery?

A) great saphenous vein
B) internal carotid artery
C) azygos vein
D) femoral artery

Question 54

The internal carotid artery branches to form the

A) middle meningeal and middle cerebral arteries.
B) posterior cerebral and posterior communicating arteries.
C) facial, maxillary, and superficial temporal arteries.
D) anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, and ophthalmic arteries.

Question 55

The correct proximal to distal sequence of the three vessels branching from the aortic arch is

A) brachiocephalic, left subclavian, left common carotid.
B) brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian.
C) left common carotid, left subclavian, brachiocephalic.
D) left subclavian, left common carotid, brachiocephalic.

Question 56

Most systemic venous blood is both oxygen-poor and nutrient-poor. However, systemic venous blood that is not oxygen-poor and is nutrient-rich occurs in

A) the hepatic portal vein.
B) the renal vein.
C) superficial veins of the limbs.
D) the pulmonary veins.

Question 57

The abdominal aorta divides at its distal end into which arteries?

A) the femoral arteries
B) the common iliac arteries
C) the external iliac arteries
D) the internal iliac arteries

Question 58

Fenestrated capillaries

A) have pores in their walls.
B) permit the movement of very few molecules.
C) are located in the central nervous system.
D) occur in most of the organs of the body.

Question 59

The major cause of atherosclerosis is due to the

A) destruction of elastic fibers in artery walls.
B) destruction of valves in veins.
C) formation of atheromas.
D) lack of formation of anastomosis between vessels.

Question 60

A common theme to the development of atherosclerosis is

A) a failure of the venous valves resulting in engorged and twisted vessels.
B) an inflammatory response to a damaged endothelium.
C) an accumulation of glycoproteins in the basement membrane of capillaries.
D) a ballooning out of the vessel walls.

Question 61

All arteries carry oxygen-rich blood, whereas veins carry oxygen-poor blood.

Question 62

Which body tissues lack capillaries?

A) tendons and ligaments
B) the myocardium and epicardium of the heart
C) bones
D) the lens and the cornea

Question 63

A preferred site to insert intravenous catheters is into the

A) great saphenous vein.
B) superficial palmar venous arch of the hand.
C) dorsal venous network of the hand.
D) brachial vein.

Question 64

Which arteries connect the basilar artery and the internal carotid artery forming the posterior aspect of the cerebral arterial circle?

A) ulnar artery that encircles the elbow joint
B) anterior communicating arteries
C) genicular arteries that encircle the knee
D) posterior communicating arteries

Question 65

Which vessel is missing from the following statement? ʺTracing blood that drains from the large intestine, we find that blood drains from the distal colon is collected in the inferior mesenteric vein, merges with the splenic vein then directed to the hepatic portal vein, the liver sinusoids, and the inferior vena cava.ʺ

A) umbilical vein
B) celiac vein
C) azygos vein
D) hepatic vein

Question 66

By definition, veins are

A) vessels that always carry nutrient-poor blood.
B) vessels that carry oxygen-poor blood.
C) the only vessels that lead from capillaries.
D) vessels that carry blood toward the heart.

Question 67

Systemic blood pressure is regulated by adjusting the diameter of arterioles.

Question 68

Phlebitis is

A) ballooning of an artery.
B) cancer of the tunica intima.
C) a condition characterized by excessively leaky capillaries.
D) inflammation of a vein.

Question 69

The main arteries of the sole of the foot-the medial and lateral plantar arteries-arise behind the ankle from which artery?

A) fibular
B) posterior tibial
C) dorsalis pedis
D) saphenous

Question 70

The right suprarenal and gonadal veins drain into the inferior vena cava, whereas the left suprarenal and gonadal veins drain into the

A) left renal vein.
B) other side of the inferior vena cava.
C) hepatic portal system.
D) superior vena cava.

Question 71

In the adult, the hepatic portal system carries nutrients absorbed from the digestive tract to the liver. In the fetus, nutrients are absorbed at the placenta, and the vessel that carries these nutrients to the liver is the

A) placental vein.
B) hepatic portal vein.
C) internal iliac vein.
D) umbilical vein.

Question 72

The extensor muscles of the forearm are supplied by which artery?

A) deep palmar arch
B) posterior interosseous
C) radial
D) ulnar

Question 73

Which artery arises from the inferior part of the abdominal aorta and supplies the distal half of the large intestine?

A) median sacral artery
B) gonadal artery
C) superior phrenic artery
D) inferior mesenteric artery

Question 74

All types of blood vessels contain a tunica intima.

Question 75

The circulatory route that runs from the digestive tract to the liver is called

A) cerebral circulation.
B) hepatic portal circulation.
C) pulmonary circulation.
D) coronary circulation.

Question 76

Blood passing through the fetal ductus arteriosus bypasses the

A) right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, and lungs.
B) right atrium and ventricle.
C) pulmonary trunk and lungs.
D) lungs, left atrium, and ventricle.

Question 77

Which of the following is not a branch of the celiac trunk?

A) left gastric artery
B) splenic artery
C) sigmoidal artery
D) common hepatic artery

Question 78

The lumbar veins drain the inferior posterior abdominal wall and direct oxygen-poor blood into the

A) superior vena cava.
B) internal iliac vein.
C) inferior vena cava.
D) external iliac vein.

Question 79

A dural sinus that contains a major artery and some cranial nerves within it is the

A) cavernous.
B) transverse.
C) inferior sagittal.
D) superior sagittal.

Question 80

The right gonadal vein drains into the

A) lumbar vein.
B) inferior vena cava.
C) internal iliac vein.
D) renal vein.