Deck 2: The Cell

Question 1

Figure 2.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the mitochondrion?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 1

E

Question 2

This organelle is involved in production of cellular energy.

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Figure 2.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the metaphase chromosome?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 3

E

Question 4

This organelle is characterized by folded membranes called cristae.

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Question 5

Cisternae of this organelle are continuous with the nuclear envelope.

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Question 6

Figure 2.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the DNA molecule?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 7

Figure 2.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates a nucleosome?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 8

This membranous organelle is the site of protein synthesis for proteins that are secreted by the cell.

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Question 9

This organelle has both a cis and a trans face.

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Question 10

Figure 2.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the plasma membrane?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 11

Figure 2.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the Golgi apparatus?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 12

Figure 2.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the nucleolus?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 13

This membranous organelle contains oxidase and catalase enzymes.

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Question 14

These organelles are often called the ʺdemolition crewʺ of the cell.

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Question 15

Figure 2.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the chromatid?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 16

Figure 2.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 17

Figure 2.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates histones?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 18

This organelle primarily modifies products from the rough ER, and it resembles a stack of hollow saucers, one cupped inside the next.

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Question 19

When a phagocytic white blood cell ingests a foreign bacterial cell, the vesicle fuses with this organelle.

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Question 20

This organelle detoxifies a number of toxic substances.

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Question 21

Which of the following statements about the rough endoplasmic reticulum is false?

A) It consists of stacked envelopes called cisternae.
B) It makes the integral proteins of the cell membrane.
C) It stores lipids as inclusions.
D) It makes the digestive enzymes contained in the lysosomes.

Question 22

Mitosis refers only to nuclear division. Separation of the entire cell following mitosis is

A) telophase.
B) meiosis.
C) cytokinesis.
D) karyokinesis.

Question 23

The longest arrays of microtubules that assemble from each centrosome during prophase form filaments called

A) asters.
B) kinetochores.
C) mitotic spindle fibers.
D) the nuclear envelope.

Question 24

Which type of endocytosis ingests the most specific type of molecule?

A) receptor-mediated endocytosis
B) pinocytosis
C) phagocytosis
D) fluid-phase endocytosis

Question 25

This organelle contains a single DNA molecule and is capable of self-replication.

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Question 26

Of the following, the only organelle that has a double membrane structure is the

A) Golgi apparatus.
B) mitochondrion.
C) endoplasmic reticulum.
D) centriole.

Question 27

Which type of proteins are required for exocytosis?

A) SNARE proteins
B) coatomer proteins
C) caveolin
D) clathrin

Question 28

This organelle produces ATP molecules.

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Question 29

This organelle is defective in the inherited disorder Tay-Sachs disease.

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Question 30

During anaphase, motor proteins attached to mitotic spindle fibers serve to

A) form the aster.
B) re-form the nuclear envelope.
C) pull the chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell.
D) pull together the replicated chromosomal strands.

Question 31

Which of the following statements about integral proteins in the plasma membrane is false?

A) Most extend all the way through the membrane.
B) They determine which molecules are transported through the membrane.
C) They are more abundant by volume than the membrane phospholipids.
D) Some attach to the glycocalyx.

Question 32

Functions of the Golgi apparatus include all of the following except

A) plasma membrane formation.
B) synthesis of lysosomes.
C) production of secretory granules.
D) DNA replication.

Question 33

This organelle is numerous in liver and kidney cells.

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Question 34

Hormones are secreted by

A) pinocytosis.
B) exocytosis.
C) phagocytosis.
D) osmosis.

Question 35

Phospholipids of the plasma membrane are arranged

A) as a bilayer with their nonpolar tails sandwiched between the polar heads.
B) around a central layer of cholesterol.
C) in a single layer with polar heads facing outwards.
D) as a bilayer with their polar heads sandwiched between the nonpolar tails.

Question 36

This organelle is primarily a sac of powerful digestive enzymes called acid hydrolases.

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Question 37

In chromatin, the DNA molecule wraps around proteins called

A) integral protein.
B) codons.
C) nucleotides.
D) histones.

Question 38

Which of the following cytoskeleton elements are the largest in diameter?

A) intermediate filaments
B) centrioles
C) microtubules
D) microfilaments

Question 39

Which of the following is not a cytoskeleton element?

A) intermediate filament
B) microfilament
C) centriole
D) microtubule

Question 40

In the cell life cycle, DNA is replicated during

A) interphase G1.
B) interphase S.
C) prophase II.
D) prophase I.

Question 41

Which is not part of interphase?

A) M
B) G1
C) S
D) G2

Question 42

Which organelle is important in neutralizing free radicals?

A) lysosome
B) Golgi apparatus
C) mitochondrion
D) peroxisome

Question 43

Materials that are to be exocytosed by cells are enclosed in vesicles synthesized by the

A) mitochondrion.
B) nucleosome.
C) Golgi apparatus.
D) ribosome.

Question 44

Peroxisomes

A) synthesize proteins for use outside the cell.
B) are the toxic waste removal system of the cell.
C) contain some of the code necessary for their own duplication.
D) are involved in the production of ATP.

Question 45

The plasma membrane is important for all the following reasons except

A) it determines what substances enter and exit the cell.
B) it is an important site for DNA transcription.
C) it acts as a site for cell-to-cell interaction and recognition.
D) it separates the ECF from the ICF.

Question 46

Dyneins and kinesins are motor proteins that

A) resist pulling forces that are placed on cells.
B) move organelles along microtubules through the cytoplasm.
C) enable a cell to send out and retract extensions called pseudopods.
D) are molecular components of telomeres.

Question 47

Which of the following is associated with protein synthesis?

A) chloroplasts
B) mitochondria
C) ribosomes
D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 48

Peroxisomes function to

A) store cellular free radicals.
B) synthesize and degrade hydrogen peroxide.
C) regulate membrane permeability.
D) produce pigments.

Question 49

The stiffest elements of the cytoskeleton, analogous to the bones of the human body, are

A) microtubules.
B) microfilaments.
C) the cytosol.
D) intermediate filaments.

Question 50

Which membranous organelle stores calcium and is a primary site of lipid metabolism?

A) Golgi apparatus
B) peroxisome
C) mitochondrion
D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 51

Ribosomes may be either free within the cytoplasm or bound to a membrane system known as the

A) Golgi apparatus.
B) cytoskeleton.
C) microtubule organizing center.
D) rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 52

Cell division is analogous to

A) a building forming another building by random accumulation of materials.
B) a building duplicating its blueprint and then forming a new building by splitting in two.
C) a building forming another building through a loss of some of its parts.
D) two buildings duplicating their parts and fusing.

Question 53

Which of the following does not pass through nuclear pores?

A) chromatin
B) messenger RNA
C) ribosomal RNA
D) proteins

Question 54

The mitotic spindle forms from the

A) nucleus.
B) nucleolus.
C) Golgi apparatus.
D) centrosome matrix.

Question 55

Which of the following statements accurately describes the function of the nuclear envelope?

A) transcription of DNA
B) protein synthesis
C) regulation of passage of substances into and out of the cell membrane
D) separation of nucleoplasm and cytoplasm

Question 56

The plasma membrane is composed of all of the following except

A) glycoproteins.
B) tubulin protein.
C) phospholipids.
D) cholesterol.

Question 57

The face of the Golgi apparatus is to receive spherical vesicles from the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

A) cis; flattened
B) trans; convex
C) trans; concave
D) cis; convex

Question 58

The endocytotic process in which small vesicles of fluid are brought into the cell is called

A) pinocytosis.
B) xenocytosis.
C) exocytosis.
D) phagocytosis.

Question 59

The double membrane structure is unique to the

A) nucleolus.
B) peroxisome.
C) mitochondrion.
D) lysosome.

Question 60

Embedded in the plasma membrane of cells, cholesterol molecules act to

A) participate in pinocytosis.
B) destabilize the membrane, leading to heart attacks.
C) stabilize the membrane.
D) make the membrane more resistant to freezing.

Question 61

The plasma membrane is

A) a single-layered membrane that surrounds the nucleus of the cell.
B) a membrane composed of tiny shelves or cristae.
C) a single-layered membrane enclosing the plasma.
D) the membrane surrounding the cell.

Question 62

The cell that gathers information and controls body functions is a

A) fat cell.
B) sperm cell.
C) macrophage.
D) neuron.

Question 63

During mitosis, the kinetochore microtubules of the mitotic spindle

A) push the two poles of the cell apart.
B) push on the chromatids.
C) anchor the centriole to the cell membrane.
D) attach to chromatids and align them at the metaphase plate.

Question 64

Membrane-bound organelles have the same type of membrane as the plasma membrane except

A) the nonpolar tails face outward.
B) they are all covered with ribosomes.
C) for the absence of a glycocalyx.
D) for the absence of cholesterol.

Question 65

The cytoskeletal elements that are analogous to the muscles of the body which generate pseudopodia and contractile forces in conjunction with myosin are

A) intermediate filaments.
B) integral proteins.
C) microtubules.
D) microfilaments.

Question 66

During what phase of mitosis does the mitotic spindle break down and disappear?

A) late prophase
B) metaphase
C) telophase
D) anaphase

Question 67

Peroxisomes are important in detoxification of a number of toxic substances, for instance, hydrogen peroxide.

Question 68

The nucleolus serves as the cellʹs ribosome-producing machine.

Question 69

In the process of phagocytosis, the organelles whose enzymes break down ingested foreign cells are the

A) lysosomes.
B) peroxisomes.
C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
D) nucleoli.

Question 70

Transcription of DNA requires the presence of

A) extended chromatin.
B) centrosomes.
C) nucleosomes.
D) histones.

Question 71

The temporary structures in the cytoplasm include all of the following except

A) pigments.
B) the Golgi apparatus.
C) lipid droplets.
D) glycosomes.

Question 72

During what phase of the cell cycle is the DNA duplicated?

A) interphase
B) metaphase
C) anaphase
D) prophase

Question 73

The nuclear envelope is continuous with the rough ER, but it differs from the rough ER in that it

A) consists of tubes, like the smooth ER.
B) has unique pores.
C) consists of two membranes separated by a space.
D) is not associated with ribosomes.

Question 74

Hypercholesterolemia is an inherited disease in which the bodyʹs cells lack the protein receptors that bind to cholesterol-delivering LDLs.

Question 75

The smooth ER contains its own molecules of DNA.

Question 76

The process of cellular aging may involve all of the following except

A) decreased production of lysosomes.
B) accumulated damage by free radicals.
C) progressive shortening of telomeres.
D) excessive metabolic rate.

Question 77

Which of the following is an inclusion, not an organelle?

A) mitochondrion
B) microtubule
C) glycosome
D) lysosome

Question 78

The theory proposing that aging results from the effects of free radicals is primarily a theory of

A) wear and tear.
B) cross-linking of glucose.
C) genetically programmed aging.
D) progressive disorder of immunity.

Question 79

The cytoskeletal elements that form a ring to ʺsqueezeʺ the two daughter cells apart during cytokinesis are

A) the microtrabecular lattice.
B) microfilaments.
C) intermediate filaments.
D) microtubules.

Question 80

Ribosomes consist of two subunits, each surrounded by a membrane.