Deck 18: The Nervous System: General and Special Senses

Question 1

Leukocyte primarily responsible for destroying bacteria.

A) erythrocyte
B) lymphocyte
C) eosinophil
D) neutrophil
E) basophil

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Most abundant formed element.

A) myeloid
B) monocyte
C) eosinophil
D) basophil
E) erythrocyte

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Figure 18.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the fraction of leukocytes that represents neutrophils.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Figure 18.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the fraction of leukocytes that represents basophils.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 5

Figure 18.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the formed element of the blood that develops into phagocytic cells called macrophages.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 6

Figure 18.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the formed element of the blood that produces antibodies.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 7

Cell fragments, also called thrombocytes, involved in clotting.

A) globulins
B) fibrinogen
C) albumin
D) basophils
E) platelets

Question 8

Figure 18.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the formed element of the blood that is packed with molecules of hemoglobin.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 9

Cell mediator of inflammation.

A) erythrocyte
B) lymphocyte
C) eosinophil
D) neutrophil
E) basophil

Question 10

Fraction of blood comprised by erythrocytes.

A) hematocrit
B) buffy coat
C) serum
D) albumin
E) myeloid

Question 11

Figure 18.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the most abundant class of leukocyte.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 12

Figure 18.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the fraction of leukocytes that represents eosinophils.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 13

Plasma minus clotting factors.

A) hematocrit
B) buffy coat
C) serum
D) albumin
E) myeloid

Question 14

Figure 18.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the fraction of leukocytes that represents lymphocytes.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 15

Along with leukocytes, these contribute less than 1% of whole blood.

A) albumin
B) erythrocytes
C) lymphocytes
D) reticulocytes
E) platelets

Question 16

Seen in abundance during parasitic infection.

A) erythrocyte
B) lymphocyte
C) eosinophil
D) neutrophil
E) basophil

Question 17

Blood protein that contributes osmotic pressure, keeping water from leaking out of the vessels.

A) hematocrit
B) buffy coat
C) serum
D) albumin
E) myeloid

Question 18

Figure 18.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the fraction that of leukocytes that represents monocytes.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 19

Parent cell that transforms into a macrophage.

A) lymphocyte
B) neutrophil
C) eosinophil
D) basophil
E) monocyte

Question 20

Figure 18.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates formed elements of the blood that are important in blood clotting.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 21

Which white blood cells contain granules of histamine?

A) eosinophils
B) neutrophils
C) basophils
D) lymphocytes

Question 22

The most common formed elements in the blood are

A) leukocytes.
B) macrophages.
C) erythrocytes.
D) platelets.

Question 23

The most abundant white blood cell type is the

A) eosinophil.
B) monocyte.
C) neutrophil.
D) lymphocyte.

Question 24

The functions of platelets include all of the following except

A) formation of a temporary patch in the walls of damaged blood vessels.
B) release of chemical signals that trigger the immune response.
C) secretion of chemicals that call more platelets to the site of injury.
D) release of molecules that initiate clotting.

Question 25

What type of white blood cell increases dramatically during parasitic infections or allergic reactions?

A) monocyte
B) basophil
C) eosinophil
D) neutrophil

Question 26

is a condition in which the bloodʹs capacity for carrying oxygen is diminished.

A) Leukemia
B) Thrombocytopenia
C) Polycythemia
D) Anemia

Question 27

Disorders of red blood cells can be detected by obtaining counts of these immature structures.

A) myeloid
B) eosinophil
C) reticulocyte
D) lymphoid
E) lymphocyte

Question 28

Hematocrit measures the percentage of blood volume that consists of

A) plasma.
B) neutrophils.
C) platelets.
D) erythrocytes.

Question 29

Young erythrocyte.

A) myeloid
B) eosinophil
C) reticulocyte
D) lymphoid
E) lymphocyte

Question 30

In the cell line that forms erythrocytes in red bone marrow, all of the following occur except that

A) lysosome-like granules accumulate.
B) the cytoplasm goes from basophilic (blue-staining) to eosinophilic (pink-staining).
C) the nucleus is lost.
D) hemoglobin accumulates in the cells.

Question 31

Stem cell from which eosinophils and basophils develop.

A) erythrocyte
B) basophil
C) monocyte
D) eosinophil
E) myeloid

Question 32

Cell containing a large, dark purple-staining spherical nucleus that almost completely fills the cell volume.

A) myeloid
B) eosinophil
C) reticulocyte
D) lymphoid
E) lymphocyte

Question 33

Produces antibodies.

A) erythrocyte
B) lymphocyte
C) eosinophil
D) neutrophil
E) basophil

Question 34

What is the anatomical difference between T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes?

A) B cells have a darker-staining nucleus.
B) T cells are larger.
C) B cells are larger.
D) They are structurally identical.

Question 35

Which cells fight infection by producing antibodies?

A) B lymphocytes
B) plasma cells
C) T lymphocytes
D) eosinophils

Question 36

What is the difference between a thrombus and an embolus?

A) One occurs in the bloodstream, whereas the other occurs outside the bloodstream.
B) A thrombus must travel to become an embolus.
C) One is a blood clot, whereas the other is a parasitic worm.
D) One occurs in arteries, the other in veins.

Question 37

The unusual shape of the erythrocyte can be explained by which of the following?

A) It increases surface area for respiratory exchange across the plasma membrane.
B) It reflects the fact that erythrocytes are degenerating.
C) It is the best shape for a cell that must pass through narrow capillaries.
D) It allows each cell to hold a maximum amount of hemoglobin.

Question 38

Which of the following cells lack mitochondria?

A) basophils
B) erythrocytes
C) platelets
D) neutrophils

Question 39

Which of the following is not phagocytic?

A) lymphocyte
B) basophil
C) eosinophil
D) neutrophil

Question 40

Which of the following organs does not form blood cells in the fetus?

A) lung
B) spleen
C) yolk sac
D) liver

Question 41

The least abundant white blood cell type is the

A) eosinophil.
B) basophil.
C) monocyte.
D) lymphocyte.

Question 42

The precursors of neutrophils, listed in their proper order from the least to the most differentiated cells, are:

A) myeloblast, metamyelocyte, and band cell.
B) metamyelocyte, neutrophil, and band cell.
C) band cell, myeloblast, and myelocyte.
D) metamyelocyte, myeloblast, and neutrophil.

Question 43

Reticulocytes are precursors to mature

A) neutrophils.
B) lymphocytes.
C) basophils.
D) erythrocytes.

Question 44

The bloodʹs globulins include

A) antibodies.
B) hemoglobin.
C) albumin.
D) fibrinogen.

Question 45

An average female has approximately of blood.

A) 1 liter
B) 8 liters
C) 4 liters
D) 0.5 liter

Question 46

Megakaryocytes

A) give rise to platelets.
B) are phagocytic.
C) are small compared to erythrocytes.
D) circulate freely in the blood.

Question 47

The replacement of red bone marrow with yellow bone marrow in the limbs occurs

A) by 2 years of age.
B) in fetal life.
C) before 8 years of age.
D) between 8 and 18 years of age.

Question 48

Which of the following groups of cells are most structurally related?

A) monocytes, platelets, and macrophages
B) eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophils
C) basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes
D) lymphocytes, erythrocytes, and basophils

Question 49

Diapedesis is

A) amoeboid motion.
B) the process by which eosinophils attack worms.
C) the exit of leukocytes from capillaries.
D) the ingestion of bacteria by macrophages.

Question 50

Which of the following cells develop into macrophages?

A) monocytes
B) lymphocytes
C) basophils
D) neutrophils

Question 51

T cells function to

A) respond primarily to bacteria and bacterial toxins in body fluids.
B) phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes.
C) produce antibodies.
D) destroy body cells infected with viruses.

Question 52

Which of the following statements concerning the various leukocytes is false?

A) All are active in connective tissues but not in blood.
B) All have distorted, lobed nuclei.
C) All perform diapedesis.
D) All fight disease.

Question 53

When centrifuged, blood separates into the following sequence of layers, from lightest to heaviest:

A) buffy coat, hematocrit, plasma.
B) plasma, buffy coat, hematocrit.
C) buffy coat, plasma, hematocrit.
D) hematocrit, plasma, buffy coat.

Question 54

Which type of connective tissue occurs in the bone marrow cavity?

A) loose areolar
B) dense irregular
C) reticular
D) cartilage

Question 55

Yellow bone marrow gets its color from

A) the early stages of red blood cells being made there.
B) fat cells.
C) low densities of red blood cells.
D) the bone trabeculae in the center of this colorless marrow.

Question 56

If examination of the blood reveals a large number of immature leukocytes, the individual is probably suffering from

A) sickle cell disease.
B) thrombocytopenia.
C) anemia.
D) leukemia.

Question 57

B cells fight infections by

A) engulfing foreign pathogens.
B) killing off body cells.
C) producing antibodies.
D) acting as killer cells.

Question 58

Leukocytes, ordered from most to least abundant, are the

A) basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils.
B) basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils.
C) neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and lymphocytes.
D) neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils.

Question 59

In adults, blood cells are manufactured in the marrow of all of the following bones except the

A) pelvis.
B) clavicle.
C) sternum.
D) forearm bones (radius and ulna).

Question 60

The blood cell whose nucleus often resembles a telephone receiver is the

A) erythrocyte.
B) lymphocyte.
C) eosinophil.
D) basophil.

Question 61

Together, leukocytes and platelets constitute roughly which percentage of whole blood volume?

A) 1%
B) 45%
C) 10%
D) 55%

Question 62

Which of the following is not a committed cell in a blood cell line?

A) myeloblast
B) megakaryoblast
C) hemapoietic stem cell
D) proerythroblast

Question 63

is a condition in which there is an abnormally low concentration of platelets in the blood.

A) Thrombocytopenia
B) Polycythemia
C) Leukemia
D) Anemia

Question 64

Which of the following is the correct ranking of formed elements of blood by longevity (life span), from longest-lived to shortest-lived?

A) erythrocytes, platelets, neutrophils
B) neutrophils, basophils, erythrocytes
C) basophils, erythrocytes, eosinophils
D) monocytes, neutrophils, erythrocytes

Question 65

Which of the following do not remain in red bone marrow after hematopoiesis?

A) fat cells
B) myeloid stem cells
C) lymphoid stem cells
D) reticulocytes

Question 66

A plasma protein involved in blood clotting is

A) a platelet.
B) albumin.
C) fibrin (and fibrinogen).
D) globulin.

Question 67

Which of the following is not a phase of erythropoiesis?

A) production of ribosomes
B) production of vacuoles
C) synthesis of hemoglobin
D) ejection of the erythrocyteʹs nucleus

Question 68

Graft-versus-host disease occurs in many marrow transplant patients because of the activity of

A) neutrophils.
B) lymphocytes.
C) platelets.
D) macrophages.

Question 69

Which of the following precursors of erythrocytes are in their proper order, from least to most differentiated?

A) proerythroblast, normocyte, reticulocyte
B) reticulocyte, normocyte, erythroblast
C) normocyte, proerythroblast, erythrocyte
D) erythroblast, reticulocyte, normocyte

Question 70

Elevated numbers of reticulocytes may indicate

A) a degenerative bone marrow disease.
B) a parasitic infection.
C) sickle cell disease.
D) a person is adapting to life at high elevations.

Question 71

The defining characteristic of a reticulocyte in the blood is

A) dark-staining nucleus.
B) numerous endocytic vesicles.
C) collagen (reticular) fibers.
D) dark staining masses that represent degrading ribosomes.

Question 72

The percentage of erythrocytes in a normal volume of blood is about

A) 90%.
B) 10%.
C) 45%.
D) 30%.

Question 73

In the body, erythrocytes are red because of the oxidized iron they contain. In stained blood smears, erythrocytes are

A) pink from eosin.
B) light blue from methylene blue.
C) also red from iron.
D) purple from hematoxylin stain.

Question 74

All of the following cell types are derived from the same precursor cell that generates neutrophils except the

A) myeloblast.
B) blood stem cell.
C) myelocyte.
D) plasma cell.

Question 75

is a condition in which there is an abnormal excess of erythrocytes in the blood.

A) Thrombocytopenia
B) Anemia
C) Polycythemia
D) Leukemia

Question 76

Hemopoiesis is

A) different from hematopoiesis.
B) blood cell production.
C) a disease of erythrocytes.
D) a stain for blood smears.

Question 77

Which cells are the most responsible for the rejection of a transplanted organ, such as a heart?

A) T cells
B) macrophages
C) B cells
D) eosinophils

Question 78

Giant cells located just outside of marrow sinusoids are called

A) reticulocytes.
B) myeloblasts.
C) monoblasts.
D) megakaryocytes.

Question 79

The formed element that is flattened, circular, lacks a nucleus, lacks mitochondria or ribosomes, and is red because of the presence of hemoglobin is

A) an erythrocyte.
B) a basophil.
C) a lymphocyte.
D) an eosinophil.

Question 80

An eosinophil can be distinguished from a basophil because the eosinophil

A) has pink (versus dark purple) granules.
B) is smaller.
C) has a lobed (versus nonlobed) nucleus.
D) contains cytoplasmic granules.