Deck 20: Eukaryotic Cell Biology and Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Question 1

The foraminifera

A) inhabit coastal marine environments.
B) are a major component of the White Cliffs of Dover.
C) have shells known as tests.
D) are all of the above.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which statement is TRUE of endoplasmic reticula under most circumstances?

A) The smooth endoplasmic reticulum produces glycoproteins, and the rough endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes lipids.
B) The rough endoplasmic reticulum produces glycoproteins, whereas the smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes lipids.
C) Both the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum are responsible for the production of glycoproteins, and neither synthesizes lipids.
D) Both the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum are responsible for the production of lipids, and neither synthesizes glycoproteins.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

All eukaryotes contain

A) mitochondria.
B) hydrogenosomes.
C) a membrane- enclosed nucleus.
D) all of the above.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Fibronectin proteins as well as other glycoproteins make up the present in animal cells, some fungi, and some protists.

A) nucleosomes
B) histones
C) carboxysomes
D) extracellular matrices

Question 5

Which microbial group is responsible for massive amphibian die- offs worldwide?

A) zygomycetes
B) ciliates
C) cercozoans
D) chytrids

Question 6

The matrix of the mitochondrion contains enzymes

A) that utilize the Calvin- Benson cycle.
B) that reduce organic compounds to CO2.
C) of the citric acid cycle.
D) that have all of the above characteristics.

Question 7

The amoebozoa that are parasitic for humans are the

A) oomycetes.
B) entamoebas.
C) gymnamoebas.
D) radiolarians.

Question 8

The function of the parabasal body is to

A) allow for photosynthesis to occur.
B) give structural support to the Golgi complex.
C) give structural support to the endoflagellum.
D) allow for the formation of energy from aerobic respiration.

Question 9

A thin, crescent- shaped organism with a single flagellum originating from a basal body and which folds back laterally across the cell would most likely be a member of the genus

A) Gambiense.
B) Glossina.
C) Entamoeba.
D) Trypanosoma.

Question 10

The internal pH of a lysosome is the pH of the cytoplasm.

A) approximately the same as
B) highly variable when compared with
C) 100 times more acidic than
D) 100 times more basic than

Question 11

Endolithic phototrophic communities are MOST common in which type of environment?

A) hot environments
B) windy environments
C) dry environments
D) humid environments

Question 12

Diatoms are

A) morphologically symmetric.
B) more closely related to slime molds than to algae.
C) a type of fungus.
D) all of the above.

Question 13

The endoplasmic reticulum is

A) a network of membranes continuous with the nuclear membrane.
B) continuous with the Golgi apparatus.
C) located around the nuclear membrane but is not in actual contact with it.
D) all of the above.

Question 14

Which statement is TRUE regarding plant degradation by fungi?

A) In brown rot the lignin is attacked preferentially, and the cellulose is left unmetabolized.
B) In white rot the lignin is attacked preferentially, and the cellulose is left unmetabolized.
C) In brown rot the cellulose is attacked preferentially, and the lignin is left unmetabolized.
D) In white rot the cellulose is attacked preferentially, and the lignin is left unmetabolized.

Question 15

The inner nuclear membrane specializes in interactions with which of the following?

A) chromosomes
B) nucleoplasm
C) endoplasmic reticulum
D) cytoplasm

Question 16

The Apicomplexa are characterized by

A) external digestion of food particles.
B) obligate parasitism of animals.
C) undulating motility in the adult stages.
D) all of the above.

Question 17

Peroxisomes

A) originate in the cell by incorporating proteins and lipids from the cytoplasm.
B) divide in synchrony with the cell.
C) become membrane enclosed.
D) do all of the above.

Question 18

What phenomenon accounts for the appearance of chloroplasts in some unicellular phototrophic eukaryotes?

A) secondary endosymbiosis
B) endosymbiosis
C) sequencing of chloroplasts' SSU genes
D) none of the above

Question 19

The amoebozoa use what structure for movement and feeding?

A) flagella
B) threadlike pseudopodia
C) cilia
D) lobe- shaped pseudopodia

Question 20

The membrane- enclosed compartments that contain digestive enzymes in eukaryotic cells are called

A) stromas.
B) cristae.
C) lysosomes.
D) mitosomes.

Question 21

The earliest diverging lineage of fungi are the

A) zygomycetes.
B) chytridiomycetes.
C) glomeromycetes.
D) ascomycetes.

Question 22

The eukaryotic cell structures that beat in synchrony to propel the cell are called _ , and the structures that propel the cell along through a whiplike motion are known as
.

Question 23

Which statement BEST describes the habitats of the fungi?

A) Most fungi are aquatic, primarily marine aquatic.
B) Most fungi are aquatic, primarily freshwater aquatic.
C) Most fungi are terrestrial and inhabit soil or dead plant matter.
D) Most terrestrial fungi are animal parasites.

Question 24

Which statement is TRUE regarding fungal spores?

A) Basidiospores are sexual spores.
B) Conidia are asexual spores.
C) Ascospores are sexual spores.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 25

Which statement is TRUE? Fungal cell walls

A) resemble plant cell walls chemically but not structurally.
B) resemble plant cell walls structurally but not chemically.
C) resemble plant cell walls both chemically and structurally.
D) do not resemble plant cell walls either chemically or structurally.

Question 26

Silica is a characteristic cell wall component of the , which are a type of algae.

Question 27

The unicellular and filamentous stramenopiles are made up of the , the , and the _ .

Question 28

What is the function of dynein proteins in cilia and flagella?

A) Locomotion
B) ribosome binding
C) defense/evasion against predation
D) ATP synthesis

Question 29

Rhizopus stolonifer is also known as for its role in food spoilage.

Question 30

The phylogeny of Eukarya was deduced from comparative sequencing of _.

Question 31

Which algae are MOST closely related to plants?

A) red algae
B) euglenoids
C) green algae
D) brown algae

Question 32

What is the morphology of filamentous red algae that deposit calcium carbonate onto coral reefs?

A) slime red algae
B) rhodophyte
C) corraline
D) endoliths

Question 33

Biochemical reactions in the hydrogenosome are focused on the oxidation of .

Question 34

Hydrogenosomes cannot oxidize acetate because they lack a(n) and enzymes for the , so the acetate is excreted into the _ .

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a member of the Eukarya?

A) viruses
B) red algae
C) protists
D) fungi

Question 36

The Golgi apparatus functions to

A) both modify and sort proteins into those destined for secretion and those that function in membrane structures.
B) synthesize proteins.
C) sort proteins used within the cell.
D) modify and secrete proteins to the external environment.

Question 37

The vegetative masses of protoplasm with indefinite size and shape in the acellular or plasmodial slime molds are known as .

Question 38

share a more recent common ancestor with animals than with any other group of eukaryotic organisms.

Question 39

Where within a eukaryotic cell is ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesized?

A) lysosome
B) nucleolus
C) mitochondrion
D) cytoplasm

Question 40

Toxicity following human consumption of some shellfish occurs because of a potent
produced by the Alveolates genus _.

Question 41

The series of folded internal membranes formed by invaginations of the inner membrane of the mitochondrion are known as .

Question 42

Ciliates ingest particulate matter through a distinctive funnel- shaped .

Question 43

Most fungi are cellular and form filament networks called . Compact tufts of filaments are called _ or .

Question 44

In darkness Euglena can lose their chloroplasts and function as heterotrophs.

Question 45

The thylakoid membrane is highly impermeable to ions and other metabolites because its function is to necessary for ATP synthesis.

Question 46

The complement of intracellular structures present in any given eukaryotic cell is highly dependent on the cell type.

Question 47

The is the vector involved in the transmission of African sleeping sickness.

Question 48

The hydrolytic enzymes of the lysosome can hydrolyze fats, polysaccharides, and proteins.

Question 49

The biochemical reactions in the hydrogenosome are focused on pyruvate oxidation.

Question 50

Because hydrogenosomes lack an electron transport system and usually lack the citric acid cycle, they cannot oxidize acetate produced from pyruvate catabolism.

Question 51

Microsporidia are obligate parasites of animals and protists.

Question 52

In animal cells, some fungi, and some protists, a(n) _ in which cells are embedded is present outside the cytoplasmic membrane.

Question 53

The energy required for nuclear transport comes from the hydrolysis of .

Question 54

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA but use the ribosomes of the host cell.

Question 55

The clusters of proteins surrounded by double- membrane sacs found in some eukaryotic cells are called relic mitochondria and are also known as .

Question 56

The primary difference between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticula (ER) is that rough ER , and smooth ER .

Question 57

Slime molds are phylogenetically similar to both fungi and protists.

Question 58

The fungi primarily known for their role in food spoilage are the .

Question 59

Yeasts are immature fungal spores.

Question 60

An individual alga often contains more than one chloroplast within its cell.

Question 61

Microscopic fungi are most phylogenetically related to animal cells.

Question 62

Chytridiomycosis is thought to be associated with increases in environmental temperature associated with global warming. Design a series of experiments that would help to prove or disprove this theory.

Question 63

Chloroplasts and mitochondria both have inner membranes that are less permeable than their outer membranes.

Question 64

The mitochondrion is considered a respiratory organelle.

Question 65

Phototrophic eukaryotes use water as a photosynthetic electron donor.

Question 66

There are two different mating types in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and they can switch from one type to another.

Question 67

In general, the Golgi complex is responsible for the chemical modification and sorting of products produced in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 68

The peroxisome produces hydrogen peroxide as a by- product of the oxidation of toxic compounds.

Question 69

Compare and contrast the structure and functions of microfilaments with microtubules.

Question 70

How does the genus Pfiesteria cause problems in both humans and fish?

Question 71

Macromolecules resulting from lysosomal digestion are used in cellular biosynthesis and energy generation.

Question 72

All mushrooms are basidiomycetes.

Question 73

Hyphae are tubular cell walls that surround the cytoplasmic membrane.

Question 74

Compare and contrast the life cycles of the cellular and the acellular slime molds.

Question 75

Describe the differences between the algae and the cyanobacteria.

Question 76

As a group, the stramenopiles are flagellated phototrophs.

Question 77

Fungi are generally more significant as animal pathogens than are bacteria and viruses.

Question 78

Most protists are motile.

Question 79

All fungi are chemoorganotrophs.

Question 80

Many protists contain endosymbiotic bacteria in the cytoplasm or macronucleus that may play a nutritional role for the host.