Question 1

You are preparing to give an 18-month-old child the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. The child's mother informs you that a relative who is HIV-positive has just moved into the home with this family. What is your best action?

A)Withhold the vaccine, as it contains live microorganisms.
B)Give the vaccine as ordered; there is no effect on the HIV-positive person.
C)Give one-half of the vaccine dose now and schedule the remaining dose at a later date.
D)Have the HIV-positive person contact his/her healthcare provider before giving the vaccine.

Accepted Answer

The best action would be to have the HIV-positive person contact their healthcare provider before giving the vaccine. This is because live vaccines, such as the MMR vaccine, can pose a risk to individuals with weakened immune systems, including those who are HIV-positive. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider who is familiar with the individual's medical history and can provide guidance on whether the vaccine can be safely administered.

Question 2

Which type of immunity serves to protect against day-to-day pathogen exposure?&#10;A)Innate immunity&#10;B)Natural immunity&#10;C)Acquired immunity&#10;D)Supplemental immunity

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity is the type of immunity that serves to protect against day-to-day pathogen exposure. This includes physical barriers (such as skin and mucous membranes), chemical barriers (such as stomach acid and enzymes in tears), and cells that can quickly respond to pathogens (such as neutrophils and macrophages). Natural immunity and acquired immunity both refer to specific types of immune responses, while supplemental immunity is not a recognized term in immunology.

Question 3

In acquired immunity, what is the body's response to antigen exposure?&#10;A)The body initiates the clotting cascade.&#10;B)The body produces additional antigens.&#10;C)The body produces an antibody response.&#10;D)The body increases antigen response through lymphocyte action.

Accepted Answer

In acquired immunity, the body produces an antibody response to the exposure of antigens. This response is initiated by the activation of B cells, which produce antibodies specific to the antigen. These antibodies then bind to and neutralize or eliminate the antigen. This process is specific to the antigen encountered, and the body can build a memory response to provide a faster and more robust response in the future.

Question 4

Which of the following selective immunosuppressants can cause an increase in serum cholesterol levels? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A)Mycophenolate&#10;B)Methotrexate&#10;C)Cyclosporine&#10;D)Everolimus&#10;E)Tacrolimus&#10;F)Sirolimus

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following selective immunosuppressants can...

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of acquired passive immunity?&#10;A)Immunity developed from microorganism exposure through vaccination.&#10;B)Premade antibodies are transferred to you by another person or an animal.&#10;C)Microorganism exposure that makes you sick, and then develop antibodies.&#10;D)A pregnant woman who transfers antibodies to her baby during breast-feeding.

Accepted Answer

Acquired passive immunity is when pre-made antibodies are transferred from another source, rather than being produced by the individual's own immune system. In this case, the antibodies are transferred from the mother to the baby through breast milk.

Question 6

You are teaching a patient who is beginning an antiproliferative drug about potential toxicities associated with this class of drugs. Which statement should be included in the teaching plan for this patient?

A)"Stay out of the sun and use sunscreen daily."
B)"Eat high-fiber foods and increase your fluid intake."
C)"Avoid drinking alcohol and taking acetaminophen."
D)"These drugs can cause bleeding at the administration site."

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Accepted Answer

The answer of You are teaching a patient who is...

Question 7

A woman of childbearing age has just been prescribed an antiproliferative drug. What statement made by this patient alerts you to the need for additional teaching?&#10;A)&#34;I can plan to become pregnant after I am on this drug for a minimum of 6 months.&#34;&#10;B)&#34;I will use two reliable forms of birth control while taking this drug.&#34;&#10;C)&#34;I will report any yellowing of my eyes or skin.&#34;&#10;D)&#34;I will take my temperature daily.&#34;

Accepted Answer

Antiproliferative drugs can be teratogenic or harmful to a fetus, so planning a pregnancy while on or shortly after stopping these medications is not advised. Patients should wait until the drug is completely cleared from their body, which may take longer than 6 months.

Question 8

Which diseases are infants and children immunized against? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A)Polio&#10;B)Rabies&#10;C)Varicella&#10;D)Hepatitis B&#10;E)Hepatitis C&#10;F)Lyme disease

Accepted Answer

Infants and children are typically immunized against diseases such as polio, varicella (chickenpox), and hepatitis B. Rabies and Lyme disease are not typically part of routine childhood immunizations, and there is no vaccine currently available for hepatitis C.

Question 9

An adult patient scheduled for a seasonal influenza vaccine presents to the clinic with complaints of an upper respiratory infection. He is also there for a flu shot. What is your best action?&#10;A)Give a 'test dose' of the vaccine to observe if a reaction is present.&#10;B)Give the influenza vaccine to avoid more severe infection.&#10;C)Have the patient sign a consent for the vaccine.&#10;D)Hold the vaccine until the infection resolves.

Accepted Answer

It is recommended to wait until the respiratory infection resolves before administering the influenza vaccine. This helps to ensure that any potential adverse reactions can be attributed to the vaccine and not the infection. Additionally, the immune response to the vaccine may be better if given when the patient is not already fighting off another infection.

Question 10

Which statements made about vaccinations for artificial acquired active immunity are true? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A)These vaccines require more than one injection.&#10;B)These vaccines require smaller, booster doses.&#10;C)These vaccines are only given during childhood.&#10;D)These vaccines can cause reactions at the injection site.&#10;E)These vaccines can be given during episodes of fever or illness.&#10;F)These vaccines are not used to immunize populations against disease.

Accepted Answer

Vaccinations for artificial acquired active immunity often require more than one injection, with smaller booster doses to maintain immunity. Reactions at the injection site are possible but typically minor, such as soreness or swelling. Vaccines are not limited to childhood and can be given throughout a person's life. Vaccines should not be administered during episodes of fever or illness. Vaccines are often used to protect populations against disease.

Question 11

An adult patient who is the recipient of a kidney transplant is prescribed the antirejection drug mycophenolate. What potential problem should you monitor this patient for?&#10;A)Fluid retention and edema&#10;B)Signs and symptoms of infection&#10;C)Changes in cognition and memory&#10;D)Decreased pulse rate and hypotension

Accepted Answer

The answer of An adult patient who is the recipient...

Question 12

Which of the following patients should receive a yearly influenza virus vaccine?&#10;A)An adolescent&#10;B)A young mother&#10;C)A middle-aged man&#10;D)An older adult woman

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following patients should receive...

Question 13

A pregnant woman presents for her regular obstetric appointment and requests to have the seasonal influenza vaccine. What is your best response?&#10;A)&#34;This vaccine contains a live virus, so cannot be given during pregnancy.&#34;&#10;B)&#34;This vaccine can be given safely anytime during your pregnancy.&#34;&#10;C)&#34;You may only receive this vaccine during your last trimester.&#34;&#10;D)&#34;You may only receive this vaccine during your first trimester.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A pregnant woman presents for her regular...

Question 14

Which of the following are examples of a toxoid that has been modified to be used as a vaccine? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A)Human papilloma virus&#10;B)Hepatitis B&#10;C)Pertussis&#10;D)Tetanus&#10;E)Rubella&#10;F)Polio

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following are examples of...

Question 15

The parent of an infant you are caring for asks you for the correct schedule for the diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTaP) vaccine schedule. What is your best response?&#10;A)&#34;DTaP is given at 2, 4, and 6 months of age.&#34;&#10;B)&#34;DTaP is given at 1, 3, and 5 months of age.&#34;&#10;C)&#34;DTaP is given at 6, 12, and 18 months of age.&#34;&#10;D)&#34;DTaP is given to children when they are ready to begin school.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The parent of an infant you are...

Question 16

What instructions should be included in the teaching plan for patients taking the oral suspensions of sirolimus or cyclosporine? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A)Mix the solution in a glass container.&#10;B)Mix oral preparations together using only water.&#10;C)Take this drug with grapefruit juice for the best absorption.&#10;D)Rinse the container with the same solution used to prepare it.&#10;E)Mix each drug with the recommended solution of milk or juice.&#10;F)Allow the prepared mixture to stand for one hour before taking the drug.&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of What instructions should be included in the...

Question 17

An adult patient who has received the series of vaccines against hepatitis B asks you if immunity is now present against this disease. What is your best response?&#10;A)&#34;Immunity can only be determined by obtaining a blood titer.&#34;&#10;B)&#34;You are considered immune if you have completed all three vaccines.&#34;&#10;C)&#34;You will be considered immune one month after your last injection.&#34;&#10;D)&#34;The health department will review the dates of your vaccines and let you know.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of An adult patient who has received the...

Question 18

Which illnesses do the pneumococcal vaccine produce immunity against in infants and children? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A)Rubella&#10;B)Pertussis&#10;C)Influenza&#10;D)Meningitis&#10;E)Pneumonia&#10;F)Pneumonitis

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which illnesses do the pneumococcal vaccine produce...

Question 19

Which type of vaccine contains antigens that are killed by heat, radiation, or chemicals?&#10;A)A toxoid&#10;B)An antiserum&#10;C)Inactivated vaccine&#10;D)Attenuated vaccine

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which type of vaccine contains antigens that...

Question 20

Which statement made by an adult patient demonstrates understanding of the recommended Tdap vaccine booster schedule?&#10;A)&#34;I will need a booster every 5 years&#34;&#10;B)&#34;I will need a booster every 7 years.&#34;&#10;C)&#34;I will need a booster every 10 years.&#34;&#10;D)&#34;I will need a booster every 15 years.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which statement made by an adult patient...

Question 21

Which statements are correct concerning vaccines and toxoids? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A)They are biologic agents that produce active immunization.&#10;B)They are biologic agents that produce passive immunization.&#10;C)They are prepared with animal serum.&#10;D)They are considered a blood product.&#10;E)They are only used in children.&#10;F)They are not routinely used.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which statements are correct concerning vaccines and...

Deck 15: Drugs for Immunization and Immunomodulation