Deck 29: Heredity

Question 1

Small RNAs control the timing of programmed cell death during development.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

A Punnett square is a diagram that may be used to figure out the possible combinations of genes for a trait.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Delayed action genes can result in fatal diseases.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Environmentally produced phenotypes that mimic conditions that may be caused by genetic mutation are called phenocopies.

Question 5

It is possible for a baby to have type O blood if neither parent is type O.

Question 6

In incomplete dominance,the heterozygote has a phenotype intermediate between that of homozygous-dominant and homozygous-recessive individuals.

Question 7

When two genes are on the same chromosome,they are considered linked.

Question 8

Hemophilia is an X-linked condition caused by a recessive gene.

Question 9

Alleles may code for alternative expressions of a genetic trait.

Question 10

Mitochondrial genes are free of errors.As a result,all genetic problems are due exclusively to nuclear genes.

Question 11

Most genetic disorders are inherited through dominant genes.

Question 12

Down syndrome is an example of nondisjunction of chromosomes.

Question 13

Hereditary characteristics are transmitted to offspring by genes.

Question 14

Genetic variation results from the crossing over and exchange of chromosomal parts that occur during meiosis II.

Question 15

Some segments of the Y chromosome have no counterpart on the X chromosome.

Question 16

Genetic segregation implies that the members of the allele pair determining each trait are distributed to different gametes during mitosis.

Question 17

The expression of all physical traits is strictly due to the inheritance of specific genes.

Question 18

The same allele can have a different effect depending on which parent it comes from.

Question 19

Normal vision is dictated by autosomal dominant genes.

Question 20

The term lethal dominant gene indicates that the gene causes death only when the individual is homozygous.

Question 21

Of the different sources of genetic variability which one produces the variation in the combinations of alleles on a single chromosome?

A)independent assortment
B)crossing over
C)random fertilization
D)mutation

Question 22

Recessive alleles are best defined as ________.

A)only expresses in present in a double dose
B)the least frequently expressed allele in a given population
C)a deleterious or disease causing allele
D)a weakened or attenuated allele

Question 23

Dominant alleles are so called because under most circumstances they ________.

A)code for genes that are never considered lethal
B)suppress the expression of other alleles
C)code for desired traits only
D)code for most phenotypic and genotypic expressions of a trait

Question 24

Steven has the dominant tongue rolling phenotype but he does not know his genotype.His wife has the recessive non-tongue rolling trait.If their son can roll his tongue this means ________.

A)Steven has a homozygous recessive genotype
B)Steven has a heterozygous genotype
C)Steven has a homozygous dominant genotype
D)that it is impossible to tell Steven's genotype from this information alone

Question 25

Is genetic diversity due entirely to inherited genes on the sex chromosomes?

A)Yes,because the female has two X chromosomes and the male has only one X chromosome.
B)Yes,because genetic diversity is due to the Y influence on the autosomes.
C)Yes,because the male has a Y chromosome.
D)No,because genetic diversity has nothing to do with the sex chromosomes but is due to crossing-over of chromosomes,independent assortment of chromosomes,and segregation of chromosomes.

Question 26

Of the different sources of genetic variability which one causes the variation in the combinations of homologs from paternal and maternal linage found within a haploid cell?

A)independent assortment
B)crossing over
C)random fertilization
D)mutation

Question 27

Two alleles expressing exactly the same information for a trait are designated as ________.

A)homozygous
B)monogamous
C)heterozygous
D)hemizygous

Question 28

Recessive genes are usually expressed in humans only when ________.

A)the organism is in the embryonic stage
B)they are coding for skin color
C)they are coding for genetic diseases
D)both alleles are exactly the same,or homozygous

Question 29

Of the different sources of genetic variability which one produces the variation seen by the combination of any particular male gamete to any particular female gamete?

A)independent assortment
B)crossing over
C)random fertilization
D)mutation

Question 30

A dominant allele is best defined as ________.

A)the healthy allele sometimes referred to as the wild type allele
B)the allele that is most frequently expressed in a given population
C)the stronger of two matched alleles
D)an allele that stops or hides the expression of the other allele

Question 31

If a person is homozygous for a particular trait this means ________.

A)the person has two dominant alleles for the gene responsible for the trait
B)the person will not have a recessive condition
C)the person has two identical alleles for the gene responsible for the trait
D)the person cannot pass on that trait

Question 32

Steven has the dominant tongue rolling phenotype but he does not know his genotype.His wife has the recessive non-tongue rolling trait.If their son cannot roll his tongue this means ________.

A)Steven has a heterozygous genotype
B)that it is impossible to tell Steven's genotype from this information alone
C)Steven has a homozygous dominant genotype
D)Steven has a homozygous recessive genotype

Question 33

In meiosis the spermatozoa that are produced are genetically unlike each other and unlike the cell that produces them.This is one reason for the great variation among humans.What causes this effect?

A)chromosome segregation and independent assortment only
B)crossing-over and chromosome segregation only
C)crossing-over and independent assortment only
D)crossing-over,chromosome segregation,and independent assortment

Question 34

A female infant is born with several hundred oocytes,each one genetically unique.This is due to ________.

A)independent assortment and random crossover
B)recessive inheritance
C)mutation
D)chromosome deletion

Question 35

Select the statement that best describes the difference between a gene and an allele.

A)Genes code for a single protein or a single trait while an allele can code for many traits or many proteins.
B)Genes follow Mendelian patterns of inheritance while alleles follow non-Mendelian patterns of inheritance.
C)Alleles are found on chromosomes while genes are independent.
D)Genes express a specific trait while alleles are variations of a particular gene that result in the variation we see in a genetic individual trait.

Question 36

Those characteristics that can be determined on superficial inspection of an individual are known as ________.

A)polyspermic
B)polygenic
C)genotypic
D)phenotypic

Question 37

Of the different sources of genetic variability which on could be defined as permanent,transmissible changes to the DNA coding sequence that are often caused by outside environmental factors?

A)independent assortment
B)crossing over
C)random fertilization
D)mutation

Question 38

How many alleles exist for a given gene?

A)always one allele per gene
B)only two
C)each gene can have a different number of alleles
D)two from each parent

Question 39

The cleft chin trait follows a dominant-recessive inheritance pattern with cleft chin being the dormant trait.John is heterozygous for a cleft chin as is his wife Betty.John and Betty have three kids all of which have a cleft chins.According to Punnett square prediction what is the likely hood that their next child will have a cleft chin?

A)25% chance the same probability for all subsequent children
B)0% because the three pervious children have cleft chins already
C)100% chance because the mother and father both have cleft chins
D)75% chance the same probability for all subsequent children

Question 40

The reason recessive genetic disorders are more frequent than disorders inherited as dominant is that ________.

A)people carrying dominant genetic disorders always die before birth
B)recessive genetic disorders are limited to persons of the same ethnicity
C)carriers are not eliminated by the disease before passing the defective alleles on to their offspring
D)dominant genetic disorders are never expressed in males

Question 41

A couple whose blood types are A (IAi)and B (IBi)may have a child with which of the following blood types?

A)A,B,AB,or O
B)AB only
C)A or B only
D)AB or O only

Question 42

Given the information in Figure 29.1,what is the phenotype ratio (assuming C is dominant and there is no incomplete dominance)?

A)1:1:1:1
B)1:2:1
C)1:3
D)4:0

Question 43

Which of the following is true concerning environmental influence on genetic expression?

A)The only time a gene can be influenced by environmental factors is in the second trimester of pregnancy.
B)Drugs and nutrition can alter normal gene expression.
C)It is impossible to alter in any way the expression of a gene in humans.
D)Environmental factors determine the way in which 90 percent of our genes are expressed.

Question 44

An example of multiple-allele inheritance is ________.

A)hair that seems to have several shades of a color
B)the appearance of birthmarks on the skin
C)the appearance of freckles on the skin
D)the ABO blood group

Question 45

Given the information in Figure 29.1,what would the genotype ratio be for the offspring?

A)1:1:1:1
B)1:2:1
C)1:3
D)4:0

Question 46

Huntington's disease involves ________.

A)hypersecretion of growth hormone
B)the presence of an extra chromosome
C)hyposecretion of thyroxine
D)degeneration of the basal nuclei of the brain

Question 47

________ is the most common type of fetal testing.

A)CVS
B)A DNA probe
C)Blood chemistry
D)Amniocentesis

Question 48

Sex chromosomes of a normal male are ________.

A)XX
B)XY
C)YY
D)any of these,depending on the father

Question 49

The gene responsible for the condition known as sickle-cell anemia demonstrates ________.

A)incomplete dominance
B)a recessive genetic disorder
C)a dominant genetic disorder
D)a sex-linked genetic disorder

Question 50

A chromosomal aberration in which part of a chromosome is lost is known as ________.

A)deletion
B)translocation
C)crossing-over
D)inversion

Question 51

Which of the following statements is true concerning genetic screening?

A)Genetic screening is rarely done because it yields very little accurate information.
B)Screening can be done only in the first trimester of pregnancy.
C)Screening is illegal in over half of the world.
D)Screening can be done before conception by carrier recognition or during fetal testing.

Question 52

Given the information in Figure 29.1,what would be the genotype of the offspring designated by the blank square?

A)gg
B)GG
C)Dg
D)Gg

Question 53

Gene mutations in the sex chromosomes of the human would tend to become visibly expressed ________.

A)more frequently in females
B)more frequently in males
C)equally frequently in both sexes
D)in neither males or females

Question 54

For which of the following are newborn infants not routinely screened at birth?

A)PKU
B)color blindness
C)imperforate anus
D)congenital hip dysplasia

Question 55

The main way a recessive allele would be expressed even when only one copy is present would be ________.

A)dominance
B)recessive inheritance
C)incomplete dominance
D)sex-linked inheritance

Question 56

Given the information in Figure 29.1,if C were an incomplete dominant trait,what would the phenotype ratio be for the offspring?

A)1:1:1:1
B)1:2:1
C)1:3
D)4:0

Question 57

An individual who is heterozygous for a particular trait,yet expresses both alleles of that trait,is an example of ________.

A)dominance
B)incomplete dominance
C)recessive inheritance
D)sex-linked inheritance

Question 58

Amy's hand was exposed to X rays.A gene in a skin cell of her hand mutated.This mutant gene will ________.

A)not form an exact duplicate of itself when the cell divides
B)definitely cause skin cancer
C)replicate itself when the cell divides but will not be passed on to Amy's offspring
D)replicate itself and be passed on to Amy's children

Question 59

A woman has blond hair and brown eyes.This statement is best described as indicating ________.

A)genotype
B)phenotype
C)allelic pairs
D)recessive traits

Question 60

Inheritance of stature (height)in humans is probably due to ________.

A)polymorphism
B)polygene inheritance
C)incomplete dominance
D)polyploidy

Question 61

The ABO blood type is a good example of a(n)________ inheritance.

Question 62

An allele that completely masks the expression of the other alleles is called ________.

Question 63

Define phenocopy.

Question 64

Are there any male carriers?

Question 65

Albinism is a good example of a(n)________ trait.

Question 66

When might amniocentesis be appropriate?

Question 67

How might carriers of deleterious genes be recognized?

Question 68

Identify,by numbers,any known carriers.

Question 69

Identify,by numbers,any other possible carriers.

Question 70

Is the trait sex-linked?

Question 71

Color blindness is a(n)________ trait.

Question 72

Are there any afflicted females?

Question 73

The X and Y chromosomes are considered the ________ chromosomes.

Question 74

________ disease is a disorder of brain lipid metabolism and is an example of a recessive trait.

Question 75

Observable characteristics expressed by the genes for a trait are called the ________.

Question 76

The 23rd pair of human chromosomes are called ________ chromosomes.

Question 77

Define karyotype.

Question 78

Is the trait dominant or recessive?

Question 79

What is (are)the phenotype(s)of the first-generation offspring?

Question 80

Removing a sample of the fluid surrounding the fetus for the purpose of studying the chromosomes is a procedure called ________.