Deck 17: Blood

Question 1

The process of fibrinolysis disposes of bacteria when healing has occurred.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Hemoglobin is made up of the protein heme and the red pigment globin.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

All lymphocytes are leukocytes,but not all leukocytes are lymphocytes.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

White blood cells are produced through the action of colony-stimulating factors.

Question 5

Diapedesis is the process by which red blood cells move into tissue spaces from the interior of blood capillaries.

Question 6

The normal RBC "graveyard" is the liver.

Question 7

Clotting factor activation turns clotting factors into enzymes.

Question 8

Basophils increase in number when parasitic invasion occurs.

Question 9

Leukocytes move through the circulatory system by amoeboid motion.

Question 10

Myelocytic leukemia involves a cancerous condition of lymphocytes.

Question 11

Leukopenia is an abnormally low number of leukocytes.

Question 12

The immediate response to blood vessel injury is clotting.

Question 13

Positive chemotaxis is a feedback system that signals leukocyte migration into damaged areas.

Question 14

The primary source of RBCs in the adult human being is the bone marrow in the shafts of the long bones.

Question 15

Myeloid stem cells give rise to all leukocytes.

Question 16

Each hemoglobin molecule can transport two molecules of oxygen.

Question 17

Leukemia refers to cancerous conditions involving white blood cells.

Question 18

Hemorrhagic anemias result from blood loss.

Question 19

Granulocytes called neutrophils are phagocytic and are the most numerous of all white blood cell types.

Question 20

A person with type B blood could receive blood from a person with either type B or type O blood.

Question 21

What is the average normal pH range of blood?

A)4)65-4.75
B)8)35-8.45
C)7)75-7.85
D)7)35-7.45

Question 22

Which of the following plasma components is most likely to rise in concentration during an acute infection?

A)fibrinogen
B)gamma globulins
C)platelets
D)albumin

Question 23

With a patient that is administered an injection of erythropoietin (EPO)you would expect to see ________.

A)increased white blood cell count
B)decreased hematocrit
C)increased hematocrit
D)decreased white blood cell count

Question 24

Higher viscosity of blood will increase the amount of stress placed on the heart while it is pumping.Viscosity of blood is highest when ________.

A)hemoglobin levels are lowest
B)plasma levels are highest
C)hematocrit is highest
D)HbA1C levels are lowest

Question 25

People that have a single allele (gene copy)for sickle cell anemia are typically not sick from the disease and are said to be carriers of sickle cell trait.These people will more often live in the malaria belt of sub-Saharan Africa.The most likely explanation for this is ________.

A)sickle cell trait is passed on to the biting mosquitoes as malaria
B)the tropical climate attracts people with sickle cell trait
C)malaria is a cause of sickle cell trait
D)people with sickle cell trait have a better chance of surviving malaria

Question 26

If you centrifuge (spin)whole blood you will find the band of white blood cells and platelets (the Buffy coat)is much thinner than the packed red blood cells below it.This difference reflects the fact that ________.

A)white blood cells are fewer in number than red blood cells
B)white blood cells are smaller than red blood cells
C)platelets are larger than red blood cells
D)platelets are larger than white blood cells

Question 27

With a patient administered an injection of colony stimulating factor (CSF)you would expect to see ________.

A)decreased Red blood cell count
B)decreased white blood cell count
C)increased Red blood cell count
D)increased white blood cell count

Question 28

A person with an extremely high count of neutrophils is likely suffering ________.

A)a bacterial infection
B)a viral infection
C)anemia
D)polycythemia

Question 29

If a person is severely dehydrated you would expect to see all of the following except ________.

A)lower plasma levels
B)lower immunity
C)higher blood viscosity
D)higher hematocrit

Question 30

Which of the following would provide no benefit to a person suffering any one of the various types of anemia?

A)treatment with synthetic erythropoietin
B)supplemental bilirubin injection
C)supplemental oxygen delivered by mask
D)blood transfusion

Question 31

Loss of fibrinogen within the plasma would most likely cause which of the following?

A)fever with pain
B)loss of blood clotting
C)edema (swelling)
D)pallor (pale skin)

Question 32

Which of the following would you expect to have the least effect on hematocrit percentage?

A)prolonged or excessive fever
B)living at higher altitude
C)dehydration
D)injection with erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 33

Fetal hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen than does adult hemoglobin.

Question 34

If you centrifuge (spin)whole blood,you will find the red blood cells (erythrocytes)at the bottom of the tube and white blood cells atop them.This implies that ________.

A)red blood cells are larger than white blood cells
B)white blood cells are fewer in number than red blood cells
C)white blood cells are smaller than red blood cells
D)red blood cells have a greater density than white blood cells

Question 35

Diabetes can cause a condition called nephrotic syndrome in which a person will suffer a loss of osmotic pressure with fluid from the plasma leaving blood vessels causing Edema (swelling).Which of the following is likely the cause of this condition?

A)a loss of intrinsic factor from the plasma via the urine
B)a loss of hypoxia-inducible factor via the urine
C)release of albumin protein into the urine
D)an increase in EPO production by the kidneys

Question 36

A person exhibiting suppression of immunity,clotting disorder as well as low oxygen carrying capacity is likely suffering which of the following?

A)pernicious anemia
B)hemorrhagic anemia
C)aplastic anemia
D)iron deficiency anemia

Question 37

A mismatch of blood types during a transfusion is dangerous because ________.

A)white blood cells from the donor's blood cause inflammation
B)antibodies in the donor's plasma will attack and kill the recipient's healthy blood cells
C)clotting factors in the donor's blood will cause unwanted clots known as thrombus
D)preformed antibodies in the recipient's blood will bind and clump (agglutinate)the donated cells

Question 38

Lipids (either nutrients or hormones)are insoluble in water but are found traveling in the plasma of the blood.Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this?

A)Lipids are carried in plasma bound to soluble plasma transport proteins
B)Lipids are carried only in the lymph which is primarily composed of unsaturated fats
C)Lipids are carried inside blood cells
D)Enzymes in the plasma convert lipids to soluble forms.

Question 39

Which of the following is not a functional characteristic of WBCs?

A)granulosis
B)diapedesis
C)positive chemotaxis
D)ameboid motion

Question 40

Which two factors below make rapid and substantial blood loss life threatening?

A)loss of immunity and loss of blood pressure
B)loss of immunity and loss of carbon dioxide carrying capacity
C)loss of clotting ability and loss of osmotic pressure
D)loss of blood pressure and loss of oxygen carrying capacity

Question 41

Which of the following might trigger erythropoiesis?

A)an increased number of RBCs
B)decreased tissue demand for oxygen
C)hypoxia of EPO-producing cells
D)moving to a lower altitude

Question 42

Which blood type is generally called the universal donor?

A)A
B)B
C)AB
D)O

Question 43

Which of the choices below is the parent cell for all formed elements of blood?

A)normoblast
B)hemocytoblast
C)polymorphonuclear cell
D)megakaryocyte

Question 44

Which of the statements below is an incorrect or false statement?

A)Blood typing for the Kell,Lewis,and Duffy factors is always done before a blood transfusion.
B)When a transfusion reaction occurs,the oxygen-carrying capacity of the transfused blood cells is disrupted and the clumping of RBCs in small vessels hinders blood flow to tissues beyond those points.
C)Transfusion of incompatible blood can be fatal.
D)Unique to the ABO blood group is the presence in the plasma of preformed antibodies.

Question 45

All of the following can be expected with polycythemia except ________.

A)increased blood volume
B)high blood pressure
C)low blood viscosity
D)high hematocrit

Question 46

Which of the following is characteristic of all leukocytes?

A)They are the most numerous of the formed elements in blood.
B)They are nucleated.
C)They are phagocytic.
D)They have cytoplasmic granules.

Question 47

Blood reticulocyte counts provide information regarding ________.

A)clotting ability of the blood
B)rate of platelet formation
C)WBC ability to defend the body against disease
D)rate of erythrocyte formation

Question 48

An individual who is blood type AB negative can ________.

A)receive types A,B,and AB,but not type O
B)donate to types A,B,and AB,but not to type O
C)donate to all blood types in moderate amounts
D)receive any blood type in moderate amounts except that with the Rh antigen

Question 49

Which of the following is not a phase of hemostasis?

A)fibrinolysis
B)vascular spasm
C)platelet plug formation
D)coagulation

Question 50

All of the following conditions impair coagulation except ________.

A)vitamin K deficiency
B)vascular spasm
C)liver disease
D)severe hypocalcemia

Question 51

When neither anti-A serum nor anti-B serum clot on a blood plate with donor blood,the blood is type ________.

A)A
B)B
C)O
D)AB

Question 52

Hemolytic disease of the newborn will not be possible in which of the following situations listed below?

A)if the child is type O positive
B)if the father is Rh-
C)if the child is Rh+
D)if the father is Rh+

Question 53

Which of the following is not a cause of bleeding disorders?

A)vitamin K deficiency
B)a defect in the clotting cascade
C)thrombocytopenia,a condition of decreased circulating platelets
D)excess secretion of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)

Question 54

What organ in the body regulates erythrocyte production?

A)liver
B)brain
C)kidney
D)pancreas

Question 55

No visible cytoplasmic granules are present in ________.

A)eosinophils
B)neutrophils
C)basophils
D)monocytes

Question 56

The special type of hemoglobin present in fetal red blood cells is ________.

A)hemoglobin A
B)hemoglobin B
C)hemoglobin F
D)hemoglobin S

Question 57

Fred's blood was determined to be AB positive.What does this mean?

A)There are no antibodies to A,to B,or to Rh antigens in the plasma.
B)He can only receive blood from a donor who is AB positive.
C)Antibodies to A and B are present in the red cells.
D)His blood lacks Rh factor.

Question 58

A lack of intrinsic factor,leading to a deficiency of vitamin B12 and causing an appearance of large pale cells called macrocytes,is characteristic of ________.

A)polycythemia
B)sickle-cell anemia
C)aplastic anemia
D)pernicious anemia

Question 59

Which of the following is not a structural characteristic that contributes to erythrocyte gas transport functions?

A)produces energy anaerobically
B)few organelles provide room for more hemoglobin
C)biconcave shape
D)mitotically active

Question 60

Which of the following would not be a possible cause of sickling of red blood cells in someone with sickle-cell anemia?

A)malaria
B)vigorous exercise
C)prolonged exposure to cold
D)travel at high altitude

Question 61

Why are the two pathways of blood clotting referred to as the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways?

Question 62

List the two general factors that limit normal clot growth to the sight of injury.

Question 63

What determines whether blood is bright red or a dull,dark red?

Question 64

When diagnosing an iron deficiency one of the first tests is a red blood cell count.Why is this so?

Question 65

An elderly patient tells the nurse that she has been very tired lately and has difficulty walking to her mailbox without getting very short of breath.The nurse notes the mucous membranes are pale.The patient states that since her husband died three months ago,she has not been eating well.The physician confirms that she has iron-deficiency anemia.How are the patient's clinical manifestations and iron-deficiency anemia related?

Question 66

Why is iron not stored or transported in its free form? In what form(s)is it stored or transported in blood?

Question 67

Why is hemoglobin enclosed in erythrocytes rather than existing free in plasma?

Question 68

A man of Mediterranean ancestry goes to his doctor with the following symptoms.He is very tired all of the time.He has difficulty catching his breath after even mild exercise.His doctor orders the following tests: CBC,hematocrit,differential WBC count.The tests show immature erythrocytes,fragile erythrocytes,and less than 2 million RBCs per cubic millimeter.What would be a tentative diagnosis and suggested treatment?

Question 69

Why would there be cause for concern if a young pregnant mother is Rh-,her husband is Rh+,and this is their second child?

Question 70

If a person has AB type blood which of the ABO blood types can they receive as a transfusion?

Question 71

Explain why blood is classified as a connective tissue.

Question 72

List three blood tests that might be ordered if anemia is suspected.

Question 73

List the most common causes of bleeding disorders.

Question 74

List the granulocytes and describe the appearance of their granules in a typical blood smear.

Question 75

The group of blood disorders in which blood oxygen levels are inadequate to support normal metabolism is called ________.

Question 76

How many polypeptide chains make up hemoglobin?

Question 77

When monocytes migrate into the interstitial spaces to fight infection,they change to a different type of cell called ________.

Question 78

What is the buffy coat found in centrifuged whole blood?

Question 79

A total WBC count and a differential WBC count have been ordered for Mrs.Johnson.What information is obtained from the differential count that the total count does not provide?

Question 80

A patient complains of no energy,a chronic sore throat,a low-grade fever,and is tired and achy.His doctor notes an enlarged spleen upon examination.What diagnosis would you expect and what definitive test would you request?