Deck 13: The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity

Question 1

Dorsal and ventral rami are similar in that they both contain sensory and motor fibers.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Which of the following is the best explanation of how a stimulus' strength is transmitted to the central nervous system from sensory nerves?

A)More than one type of receptor will respond to larger stimulus.
B)An action potential will increase in strength as stimulus's strength increases.
C)Action potential frequency is increased as stimulus' strength increases.
D)Action potentials as well as graded potentials are sent to the central nervous system when stimulus strength increases.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

If someone spills very hot coffee (200 0F)on their skin,they will likely perceive much pain.Which of the following receptor types is causing this sensation?

A)nociceptors
B)chemoreceptors
C)mechanoreceptors
D)thermoreceptors

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A doctor asks her patient to follow the motion of her finger as she moves it up and down,left and right.Which of the following cranial nerves is not being tested?

A)the oculomotor nerve (III)
B)the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
C)the abducens (VI)
D)the trochlear nerve (IV)

Question 5

A patient is suffering from the inability to distinguish various types of odors.This patient may have damage to which of the following?

A)vagus nerve (X)
B)hypoglossal nerve (XII)
C)facial nerve (VIII)
D)olfactory nerve (I)

Question 6

A person picks up a heavy suitcase in order to estimate its weight and reflexively drops it.Which of the following receptors has initiated this reflex?

A)lamellae corpuscle
B)free nerve ending
C)tendon organ
D)bulbous corpuscle

Question 7

An emergency medical technician is examining a trauma victim by shining a pen light into her patient's eye.She records the reactivity of the patents pupils as they constrict when stimulated by the light.This test supports which of the following?

A)The patient has suffered brain damage.
B)The patient has function of the trochlear nerve (IV).
C)The patient has lost function of the optic nerve (II).
D)The patient has function of the oculomotor nerve (III).

Question 8

Irritation of the phrenic nerve may cause diaphragm spasms called hiccups.

Question 9

A bit of dust blows into and touches the cornea of the eye.Which of the following is likely to happen?

A)Stimulation of the facial nerve (VII)will be perceived as pain.
B)Stimulation of the optic nerve (II)will cause tears to flow from the lacrimal gland.
C)Nothing,because there is no sensory information sent from the cornea.
D)Stimulation of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve (V)will cause blinking.

Question 10

A patient has lost vision on the left side of both eyes.The patient has likely suffered damage to ________.

A)the optic chiasm
B)the retinas of the eyes
C)the optic nerves
D)the right optic tract

Question 11

Some large arteries that are proximal to the heart are sensitive to the stretch of the blood vessels.This stretch indicates the blood's pressure.Which of the following pairs of classifications below best fit the receptor type that is being described above?

A)thermoreceptors that are also exteroceptors
B)thermoreceptors that are also interoceptors
C)mechanoreceptors that are also exteroceptors
D)mechanoreceptors that are also interoceptors

Question 12

Drooping of the upper eyelid,and double vision are potential symptoms of damage to the oculomotor nerve.

Question 13

As a cook chops red onions he begins to tear up due to activation of the lacrimal gland.Which of the following nerves provided the stimulus?

A)the vagus nerve (X)
B)the optic nerve (II)
C)the facial nerve (VII)
D)the olfactory nerve (I)

Question 14

We can touch our finger to our nose while our eyes are closed in part because we can sense the position and movement of our joints as well as the length of stretch in our muscles.These sensations create awareness of our body's positioning.The following receptors are most likely responsible for this ability.

A)nociceptors
B)proprioceptors
C)exteroceptors
D)interoceptors

Question 15

Tactile sensation is a combination of touch,pressure,stretch and vibration.Which of the following is most likely the receptor type that senses tactile stimulation?

A)mechanoreceptors
B)proprioceptors
C)nociceptors
D)thermoreceptors

Question 16

Lamellar corpuscles can be exteroceptors,interoceptors,or proprioceptor.

Question 17

The second cranial nerve forms a chiasma at the base of the brain for partial crossover of neural fibers.

Question 18

Dermatome maps are useful to clinicians because ________.

A)they show the routes of motor nerves
B)they outline the location of the numerous nerve plexus
C)they can help pinpoint the location of spinal injury
D)they show doctors how to avoid striking spinal nerves during surgery

Question 19

Reciprocal inhibition means that while one sensory nerve is stimulated,another sensory neuron for synergistic muscles in the same area is inhibited and cannot respond.

Question 20

The musculocutaneous nerve is a major nerve of the brachial plexus.

Question 21

Starting at the spinal cord,the subdivisions of the brachial plexus are (in order)________.

A)divisions,roots,trunks,and cords
B)trunks,divisions,cords,and roots
C)roots,divisions,cords,and trunks
D)roots,trunks,divisions,and cords

Question 22

Regeneration within the CNS ________.

A)is prevented due to growth-inhibiting proteins of oligodendrocytes
B)is more successful than with the PNS
C)is promoted by growth inhibitors and glial scars
D)typically allows axonal sprouting of 20 mm

Question 23

Inborn or intrinsic reflexes are ________.

A)involuntary,yet may be modified by learned behavior
B)always mediated by the brain
C)autonomic only
D)rapid,predictable,and can be learned responses

Question 24

Which receptors adapt most slowly?

A)nociceptors
B)pressure receptors
C)smell receptors
D)touch receptors

Question 25

Which of the following nerves does not arise from the brachial plexus?

A)radial
B)phrenic
C)ulnar
D)median

Question 26

The sciatic nerve is a combination of which two nerves?

A)pudendal and posterior femoral cutaneous
B)pudendal and common fibular
C)posterior femoral cutaneous and tibial
D)common fibular and tibial

Question 27

The cranial nerve with a cervical origin (spinal cord)is the ________.

A)hypoglossal
B)vagus
C)glossopharyngeal
D)accessory

Question 28

Complicated interlacing of the ventral rami form networks called nerve plexus.The crisscrossing of the nerve fibers from the various spinal nerves is advantageous because ________.

A)injury to any single spinal nerve will be less damaging as there is less chance of total loss of innervation to any particular organ
B)having several nerve fibers unite enhances sensory function
C)viruses that infect us by moving through PNS nerves are prevented entry to the CNS
D)having several nerve fibers unite enhances motor function

Question 29

Bill is a mechanic that works with vibrating tools.He also exerts force on his wrists when twisting wrenches and screws.Bill has a tingling sensation in the lateral portion of his hand.The doctor suspects carpal tunnel syndrome.Which of the following test might the doctor try on her patient?

A)Have bill grip an object with his thumb and index finger and try to pull the object away.
B)Check for hyperextension at the knuckles of the little and ring finger.
C)Have bill flex and extend his arm against resistance.
D)Check for reflex on the medial condyle of the humerus with a rubber mallet.

Question 30

After axonal injury,regeneration in peripheral nerves is guided by ________.

A)Schwann cells
B)Wallerian cells
C)Golgi organs
D)dendrites

Question 31

Nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS only are ________.

A)afferent nerves
B)mixed nerves
C)efferent nerves
D)motor nerves

Question 32

Striking the "funny bone" is actually stimulation of (or injury to)the ________.

A)median nerve
B)radial nerve
C)ulnar nerve
D)sciatic nerve

Question 33

Injury to cervical vertebra C3-C4 is particularly problematic because ________.

A)several ganglia are near this region that serve the heart
B)the greater auricular nerve that serve the parotid gland receive there fibers from here
C)the phrenic nerve that serves the diaphragm receives its fibers from here
D)part of the brain stem is located here

Question 34

A reflex that causes muscle relaxation and lengthening in response to muscle tension is called a ________.

A)flexor reflex
B)tendon reflex
C)crossed-extensor reflex
D)plantar reflex

Question 35

Spinal nerves exiting the cord from the level of L4 to S4 form the ________.

A)lumbar plexus
B)sacral plexus
C)thoracic plexus
D)femoral plexus

Question 36

A patient has an injury of the spine and is now suffering from a loss of motor function in his right arm.However,he still has normal sensory function in the arm.Based on this information it is likely that the patient has nervous tissue damage located at ________.

A)the dorsal root located at one or more of the cervical vertebra
B)the ventral root located at one or more of the cervical vertebra
C)the dorsal rootlets located at one of the thoracic vertebra
D)spinal nerves of the cervical vertebra

Question 37

Select the correct definition.

A)Magnitude estimation is the simplest level of sensation.
B)Pattern recognition allows us to see a familiar face.
C)Perceptual detection is the ability to detect how much stimulus is applied to the body.
D)Spatial discrimination allows us to recognize textures.

Question 38

The posterior side of the thigh,leg,and foot is served by the ________ nerve.

A)femoral
B)obturator
C)tibial
D)common fibular

Question 39

In a crossed-extensor reflex,if the right arm was grabbed it would flex and the left arm would ________.

A)abduct
B)also flex
C)extend
D)adduct

Question 40

All processing at the circuit level going up to the perceptual level must synapse in the ________.

A)medulla
B)reticular formation
C)pons
D)thalamus

Question 41

Feeling a gentle caress on your arm would likely involve all of the following except ________.

A)Meissner's corpuscles
B)hair follicle receptors
C)Lamellar corpuscles
D)tactile discs

Question 42

Which of the following is the correct simple spinal reflex arc?

A)receptor,afferent neuron,integration center,efferent neuron,effector
B)receptor,efferent neuron,integration center,afferent neuron,effector
C)effector,afferent neuron,integration center,efferent neuron,receptor
D)effector,efferent neuron,integration center,afferent neuron,receptor

Question 43

Describe the cause and symptoms of paresthesia.

Question 44

Body movement receptors are called ________.

Question 45

A fall or an improperly delivered gluteal injection could result in ________.

A)sciatica
B)neurofibromatosis
C)postpoliomyelitis muscular atrophy
D)phantom limb pain

Question 46

Describe the symptoms that may occur from lesions of the olfactory nerve,cranial nerve I.

Question 47

One of the adaptive advantages of human body hair is believed to be its ability to help us detect potentially harmful insects crawling or landing on our skin.Which receptor type is most associated with this type of perception?

Question 48

A patient who received a blow to the side of the skull exhibits the following signs and symptoms on that side of the face: he is unable to close his eye,and the corner of his mouth droops.Which cranial nerve has been damaged?

A)hypoglossal
B)accessory
C)glossopharyngeal
D)facial

Question 49

If the ventral root of a spinal nerve were cut,what would be the result in the tissue or region that nerve supplies?

A)a complete loss of sensation and movement
B)loss of neither sensation nor movement but only of autonomic control
C)complete loss of sensation
D)a complete loss of voluntary movement

Question 50

The perineurium defines the boundary of a ________.

Question 51

Select the statement that is most correct.

A)Ganglia associated with afferent nerve fibers contain cell bodies of sensory neurons.
B)The dorsal root ganglion is a motor-only structure.
C)The cell bodies of afferent ganglia are located in the spinal cord.
D)Ganglia are collections of neuron cell bodies in the spinal cord that are associated with efferent fibers.

Question 52

A fracture of the ethmoid bone could result in damage to which cranial nerve?

A)vagus
B)glossopharyngeal
C)accessory
D)olfactory

Question 53

Which nerve is compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome?

A)ulnar
B)radial
C)median
D)axillary

Question 54

The highest level of motor control involves the basal nuclei and the ________.

Question 55

Bell's palsy is ________.

A)characterized by paralysis of facial muscles
B)often caused by inflammation of the trigeminal nerve
C)characterized by loss of vision
D)characterized by partial paralysis of diaphragm muscles

Question 56

Problems in balance may follow trauma to which nerve?

A)trigeminal
B)vestibulocochlear
C)abducens
D)accessory

Question 57

Mixed cranial nerves containing both motor and sensory fibers include all except which of the following?

A)facial
B)olfactory
C)oculomotor
D)trigeminal

Question 58

An incorrectly placed intramuscular injection can cause injury to which nerve of the lumbar plexus?

Question 59

Transduction refers to conversion of ________.

A)receptor energy to stimulus energy
B)stimulus energy into energy of a graded potential
C)presynaptic nerve impulses to postsynaptic nerve impulses
D)afferent impulses to efferent impulses

Question 60

We are aware of our facial expression because of which functional feature of which cranial nerve?

Question 61

Mr.Smith staggered home after a long night at the local pub.While attempting to navigate the stairs,he passed out cold and lay all night with his right armpit straddling the staircase banister.When he awoke the next morning,he had a severe headache,but what bothered him more was that he had no sensation in his right arm and hand.Explain what caused this symptom in his arm.

Question 62

An adult patient shows Babinski's sign during a test of plantar reflex.How is Babinski's sign different than the normal response and what does the altered response indicate?

Question 63

A nurse is asked about the cause of the excruciating pain of tic douloureux.How should s/he answer?

Question 64

Good friends Sami and Sara were picking roses when both encountered rose thorns.Sami just laughed and continued to pick more roses.Sara,however,had tears in her eyes and complained of how much the thorn prick hurt.What accounts for the difference in their response to the same pain stimulus?

Question 65

The phrenic nerve arises from the left and right sides of cervical vertebra 3,4 and 5.Describe the potential benefit of having the nerve exit from such a superior position and from multiple places on the spinal column.

Question 66

Describe the steps of the regeneration process of a damage peripheral nerve fiber.

Question 67

Ralph sustained a leg injury in a bowling accident and had to use crutches.Unfortunately,he never took the time to learn how to use them properly.After two weeks of use,he noticed his fingers were becoming numb.Then he noticed his arms were getting weaker and tingling.What could be his problem?

Question 68

Name three unencapsulated sensory receptors and tell what they are used for.

Question 69

Information regarding skeletal muscle tension is provided by ________ and muscle length by ________.

Question 70

List and describe the functions of the three cranial nerves that serve the muscles of the eye.