Deck 14: The Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

The sympathetic division innervates more organs than the parasympathetic division.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

All visceral organs receive dual innervation from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The ANS stimulates smooth muscles,skeletal muscles and glands,whereas the somatic nervous system innervates skeletal muscles only.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The celiac ganglion is primarily associated with the sympathetic division.

Question 5

Thermoregulatory responses to increased heat are mediated by the sympathetic nervous division.

Question 6

The craniosacral division is another name for the parasympathetic division.

Question 7

The blood vessels of the skin are one of the few areas of the body where the vessels are innervated by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

Question 8

The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS have the same effect on most body organ systems.

Question 9

Most disorders of the autonomic nervous system reflect abnormalities of smooth muscle control.

Question 10

Acetylcholine is released by all somatic motor neurons,all preganglionic neurons of the ANS and by the postganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers.

Question 11

The gray rami communicantes consist of myelinated postganglionic fibers.

Question 12

Autonomic ganglia are sights of synapse and information transmission from preganglionic to postganglionic neurons.

Question 13

Most blood vessels are innervated by the sympathetic division alone.

Question 14

Norepinephrine-releasing fibers are called cholinergic fibers.

Question 15

The effect of beta-blocker drugs (block beta-receptors)is to decrease blood pressure.

Question 16

Autonomic ganglia are motor ganglia,containing the cell bodies of motor neurons.

Question 17

Some sympathetic preganglionic fibers stimulate the adrenal medulla to release norepinephrine and epinephrine into the blood,producing a "surge of adrenaline."

Question 18

The facial (VII),glossopharyngeal (IX),and vagus (X)nerves contain postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 19

The autonomic nervous system may cause activation or inhibition,depending on the division that is active and the target that is affected.

Question 20

The adrenal medulla is considered by some to be a "misplaced" sympathetic ganglion since embryologically,they arise from the same tissue.

Question 21

The somatic and autonomic nervous systems differ in all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A)their effectors
B)target organ responses to their neurotransmitters
C)regulation of activity by higher brain centers
D)their efferent pathways and ganglia

Question 22

The effect of the parasympathetic division on the penis is vasodilation causing erection,while ejaculation is due to sympathetic stimulation.

Question 23

The autonomic and somatic nervous systems are two separate systems that work totally independent of each other and lack any functional overlap.

Question 24

Cardiovascular effects of the sympathetic division include all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A)weak dilation of the blood vessels of skeletal muscles during exercise
B)increase of heart rate and force
C)dilation of the blood vessels serving the skin and digestive viscera
D)constriction of most blood vessels

Question 25

Over 90% of all parasympathetic fibers are derived from cranial nerves ________.

A)VII (facial)
B)XII (hypoglossal)
C)V (trigeminal)
D)X (vagus)

Question 26

Most splanchnic nerves pass through the abdominal aortic plexus.

Question 27

Because many of the same cardiac cells are innervated by both parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers,the influence of the two divisions on the heart is synergistic,meaning contraction is strongest when both divisions act together.

Question 28

Rami communicantes are designated white or gray to indicate whether or not the fibers passing through them are myelinated.

Question 29

Where would you NOT find a cholinergeric nicotinic receptor?

A)all postganglionic neurons (cell bodies and dendrites)
B)adrenal medulla hormone producing cells
C)sarcolemma of skeletal muscle cells at neuromuscular junctions
D)all parasympathetic target organs

Question 30

The "resting and digesting" division of the autonomic nervous system is the ________.

A)parasympathetic division
B)somatic division
C)peripheral division
D)sympathetic division

Question 31

Visceral reflexes include the reflexes that empty the bladder and the rectum.

Question 32

The sacral part of the parasympathetic division serves the pelvic organs and the distal half of the large intestine.

Question 33

Albuterol (Ventolin)binds to β₂ receptors and is used by asthma patients to dilate the bronchioles of the lungs and ease breathing.

Question 34

The vasomotor tone of blood vessels is mostly under sympathetic control.

Question 35

Preparing the body for the "fight-or-flight" response is the role of the ________.

A)somatic nervous system
B)parasympathetic division
C)cerebrum
D)sympathetic division

Question 36

All splanchnic nerves are sympathetic.

Question 37

Which of the following does NOT describe the ANS?

A)a system of motor neurons that innervates smooth and cardiac muscle and glands
B)a system of motor neurons that innervates all muscle cells
C)general visceral motor system
D)involuntary nervous system

Question 38

Cranial nerves III (oculomotor),VII (facial),and IX (glossopharyngeal)supply the entire parasympathetic innervation of the head; however,only the preganglionic fibers lie within these three pairs of cranial nerves.

Question 39

The parasympathetic ganglion that serves the eye is the ________.

A)submandibular ganglion
B)ciliary ganglion
C)pterygopalatine ganglion
D)otic ganglion

Question 40

β-adrenergic receptors are the only receptors found on the heart.

Question 41

Sympathetic responses generally are widespread because ________.

A)preganglionic fibers are short
B)inactivation of ACh is fairly slow
C)NE and epinephrine are secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response
D)preganglionic fibers are long

Question 42

The parasympathetic fibers of the ________ nerves innervate smooth muscles of the eye that cause the lenses to bulge to accommodate close vision.

A)oculomotor (III)
B)abducens (VI)
C)optic (II)
D)trochlear (IV)

Question 43

Which sympathetic fibers form a splanchnic nerve?

A)those that synapse with parasympathetic fibers
B)those that pass through the trunk ganglion to synapse in collateral or prevertebral ganglia
C)those that synapse with somatic fibers
D)those that synapse in the same trunk ganglion they entered

Question 44

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Sympathetic has extensive branching of preganglionic fibers; parasympathetic has minimal branching of preganglionic fibers.
B)Sympathetic origin is craniosacral; parasympathetic is thoracolumbar.
C)Sympathetic division has short preganglionic and long postganglionic fibers; parasympathetic has long preganglionic and short postganglionic fibers.
D)Sympathetic ganglia are within a few centimeters of the CNS; parasympathetic ganglia are close to the visceral organs served.

Question 45

Which is a uniquely sympathetic function?

A)regulation of pupil size
B)regulation of respiratory rate
C)regulation of body temperature
D)regulation of cardiac rate

Question 46

Erection (vasodilation)of the penis or clitoris ________.

A)is the result of coordinated activation by both sympathetic and parasympathetic input
B)is primarily under sympathetic control
C)is primarily under parasympathetic control
D)depends very little on autonomic activation

Question 47

Autonomic ganglia contain ________.

A)the cell bodies of motor neurons
B)both somatic afferent and efferent neurons
C)synapses between postganglionic fibers and their effectors
D)an outer connective tissue capsule around the cell bodies of preganglionic motor neurons

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT a plexus of the vagus (X)nerve?

A)pulmonary
B)esophageal
C)cardiac
D)inferior hypogastric

Question 49

Which of these effectors is NOT directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

A)most glands
B)smooth muscle
C)cardiac muscle
D)skeletal muscle

Question 50

Autonomic dysreflexia ________.

A)usually precedes spinal shock
B)results from over-excitatory input from the cortex
C)is also known as autonomic areflexia
D)involves uncontrolled activation of autonomic neurons

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT a result of parasympathetic stimulation?

A)elimination of urine
B)salivation
C)increased peristalsis of the digestive viscera
D)dilation of the pupils

Question 52

Fibers that enter and leave the sympathetic trunks without synapsing form structures called ________.

A)gray rami communicantes
B)splanchnic nerves
C)white rami communicantes
D)spinal nerves

Question 53

Once a sympathetic preganglionic axon reaches a trunk ganglion,it can do all of the following EXCEPT?

A)ascend or descend the trunk to synapse in another trunk ganglion
B)synapse with a parasympathetic neuron in the same trunk ganglion
C)pass through the trunk ganglion without synapsing with another neuron
D)synapse with a ganglionic neuron in the same trunk ganglion

Question 54

Control of temperature,endocrine activity,and thirst are functions associated with the ________.

A)thalamus
B)medulla
C)hypothalamus
D)cerebellum

Question 55

The parasympathetic tone ________.

A)causes blood pressure to rise
B)prevents unnecessary heart deceleration
C)accelerates activity of the digestive tract
D)determines normal activity of the urinary tract

Question 56

Raynaud's disease ________.

A)is frequently life threatening
B)is induced by heat stress
C)occurs primarily in association with injury to the spinal cord
D)is characterized by exaggerated vasoconstriction in the extremities

Question 57

Sympathetic nerves may leave the spinal cord at which vertebra?

A)first coccyx
B)third lumbar
C)first thoracic
D)second cervical

Question 58

Drugs called beta-blockers ________.

A)decrease heart rate and blood pressure
B)have widespread sympathetic effects
C)increase a dangerously low heart rate
D)are potent antidepressants

Question 59

Which of the following appears to exert the most direct influence over autonomic functions?

A)reticular formation
B)hypothalamus
C)midbrain
D)medulla oblongata

Question 60

Visceral reflex arcs differ from somatic in that ________.

A)visceral arcs contain two sensory neurons
B)somatic arcs contain one additional component that visceral arcs do not possess
C)visceral arcs do not use integration centers
D)visceral arcs involve two motor neurons

Question 61

How is hypertension (high blood pressure)related to the ANS?

Question 62

Which of the following is mismatched?

A)promotes urination; sympathetic
B)gallbladder contracts to expel bile; parasympathetic
C)bronchiole dilation in lungs; sympathetic
D)penis ejaculation; sympathetic

Question 63

Where would you NOT find autonomic ganglia?

A)unpaired,anterior to spinal cord
B)within wall of organ served or close to organ
C)paired,beside spinal cord
D)within spinal cord

Question 64

Discuss a way in which the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions cooperate with each other.

Question 65

Which of the following drug classes would be useful for smoking cessation products?

A)sympathomimetic agents
B)acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
C)nicotinic agents
D)parasympathomimetic agents (muscarinic agents)

Question 66

Emotions influence autonomic reactions primarily through integration in the ________.

A)lateral geniculate of the thalamus
B)hypothalamus
C)lateral horn of the spinal cord
D)inferior colliculus

Question 67

Explain the concept of dual innervation in the autonomic nervous system.Provide two examples.

Question 68

Mark eats a very big meal in the evening.After the meal his wife would like him to help clean up,but Mark explains that he is "too tired" and promptly goes to sleep.What seems to be his problem?

Question 69

The mushroom poison muscarine can bind to receptors on ________.

A)cell bodies and dendrites of parasympathetic postganglionic neurons
B)cell bodies and dendrites of sympathetic postganglionic neurons
C)the hormone producing cells of the adrenal medulla
D)all effector cells stimulated by postganglionic cholinergic fibers

Question 70

Which of the following is mismatched?

A)sympathetic preganglionic fibers; release ACh
B)parasympathetic preganglionic fibers; release ACh
C)parasympathetic postganglionic fibers; release NE
D)sympathetic postganglionic fibers; release NE

Question 71

Describe three potential outcomes that result when a preganglionic axon reaches a sympathetic trunk ganglion.

Question 72

Which type of drug would be useful in dilating the pupils for an examination of the retina?

A)alpha-1 receptor inhibitor
B)beta-3 receptor mimic
C)beta-1 receptor mimic
D)muscarinic receptor inhibitor

Question 73

Richard has been under great stress and has complained of migraine headaches for weeks.He tried all kinds of drugs,with little effect.When he was at the end of his rope,a friend suggested yoga and meditation.Having nothing to lose,he tried them and after several months,felt like a new person.How could these practices help him?

Question 74

The smooth muscle of the digestive viscera is served largely by the ________.

A)pelvic nerves
B)vagus (X)nerves
C)lumbar splanchnic nerves
D)cephalic plexus

Question 75

Carla was startled by an extremely loud bang that sounded like a gunshot.Her heartbeat accelerated rapidly.When she found that the noise was only a car backfiring,she felt greatly relieved but her heart kept beating heavily for over half an hour.Why did this happen?

Question 76

Parasympathetic functions include ________.

A)allowing the body to cope with an external threat
B)raising blood glucose levels
C)lens accommodation for close vision
D)a stimulation of heart rate and force of contraction

Question 77

Which of the following adrenergic neurotransmitter receptors plays the major role in heart activity?

A)alpha 1
B)beta 1
C)beta 2
D)beta 3

Question 78

Sympathetic division stimulation causes ________.

A)increased blood glucose,decreased GI peristalsis,and increased heart rate and blood pressure
B)decreased blood glucose,increased GI peristalsis,and increased heart rate and blood pressure
C)increased blood glucose,increased GI peristalsis,and decreased heart rate and blood pressure
D)decreased blood glucose,increased GI peristalsis,and decreased heart rate and blood pressure

Question 79

Which target organ receives dual innervation?

A)small intestine
B)kidney
C)sweat glands
D)coronary blood vessels

Question 80

A mugger steals your wallet causing all of the following to happen EXCEPT ________.

A)inability to read close-up print
B)increased glucose uptake to the liver from blood
C)increased rate and force of heartbeat
D)increased metabolic rate