Deck 12: The Central Nervous System

Question 1

Cell bodies of somatic motor neurons are located in the ventral (anterior)horn of the spinal cord.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Specific motor and sensory functions are localized in specific areas called domains,whereas memory and language have overlapping domains.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The reticular activating system (RAS)is comprised of specific pathways primarily in the limbic system.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Meningitis is the most accurate term for inflammation of neurons.

Question 5

The adult spinal cord ends between the level L₁ and L₂ of the vertebral column.

Question 6

Most of the ascending and descending pathways to and from the brain cross over (decussate)from one side of the body to the other.

Question 7

The brain and spinal cord begin as an embryonic structure called the neural plate.

Question 8

In most people,the left cerebral hemisphere has greater control over language abilities,math,and logic.

Question 9

The canal connecting the third and fourth ventricles and running through the midbrain is the interventricular foramen.

Question 10

Nondeclarative memories preserve the circumstances in which they are learned.

Question 11

The three basic regions of the cerebrum are the cerebral cortical gray matter,internal white matter,and the superior and inferior colliculi.

Question 12

A disturbance of posture,muscle tremors at rest,and uncontrolled muscle contraction are all symptoms of damage to the basal nuclei.

Question 13

The terms fainting and syncope describe the same thing.

Question 14

Passing through the NREM stages (1 through 4),the frequency of the EEG waves declines,but their amplitude increases.

Question 15

Commissural fibers connect the cerebrum to the diencephalon.

Question 16

Projection fibers in the brain mainly connect the right and left hemispheres.

Question 17

The limbic system acts as our emotional,or affective (feelings),brain.

Question 18

Nuclei relating to the startle reflex are located in the corpora quadrigemina of the midbrain.

Question 19

A flat EEG is a good indication of deep sleep.

Question 20

Cerebrospinal fluid circulates within the ventricles of the brain and in the subarachnoid space.

Question 21

The central sulcus separates which lobes?

A)frontal from parietal
B)frontal from temporal
C)parietal from occipital
D)temporal from parietal

Question 22

If the caudal portion of the neural tube failed to develop properly the ________.

A)hindbrain would not be present
B)spinal cord may be affected
C)cranial nerves would not form
D)telencephalon would cease development

Question 23

The subarachnoid space lies between what two layers of meninges?

A)dura and epidura
B)arachnoid and epidura
C)arachnoid and dura
D)arachnoid and pia

Question 24

Which of the following generalizations does NOT describe the cerebral cortex?

A)The hemispheres are exactly equal in function.
B)No functional area of the cortex works alone.
C)Each hemisphere is chiefly concerned with sensory and motor functions of the contralateral side of the body.
D)The cerebral cortex contains three kinds of functional areas.

Question 25

The primary auditory cortex is located in the ________.

A)frontal lobe
B)temporal lobe
C)parietal lobe
D)prefrontal lobe

Question 26

Vital centers for the control of heart rate,respiration,and blood pressure are located in the ________.

A)cerebrum
B)medulla oblongata
C)midbrain
D)pons

Question 27

Sorting of sensory information and relaying it to the appropriate cerebral sensory area occurs in the hypothalamus.

Question 28

One functional center found within the medulla oblongata is a respiratory center involved in the control of the rate and depth of breathing.

Question 29

Cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in ________.

A)the thalamus
B)sympathetic ganglia
C)the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord
D)the ventral root ganglia of the spinal cord

Question 30

Which brain nucleus is the body's "biological clock"?

A)lentiform nucleus
B)dorsomedial nucleus
C)subthalamic nucleus
D)suprachiasmatic nucleus

Question 31

A shallow groove on the surface of the cortex is called a ________.

A)gyrus
B)furrow
C)fissure
D)sulcus

Question 32

Which fissure separates the cerebral hemispheres?

A)lateral fissure
B)central fissure
C)parieto-occipital fissure
D)longitudinal fissure

Question 33

Which of the following best describes the cerebrum?

A)motor command center
B)executive suite
C)visceral command center
D)decussation center

Question 34

What type of cells line the ventricles of the brain?

A)ependymal cells
B)neurons
C)astrocytes
D)epithelial cells

Question 35

Embryonic damage to the mesencephalon could result in improper formation of the midbrain.

Question 36

The primary visual cortex contains a map of visual space.

Question 37

Spinocerebellar tracts ________.

A)are found in the dorsal columns of the spinal cord
B)terminate in the spinal cord
C)give rise to conscious experience of perception
D)carry information about muscle or tendon stretch to the cerebellum

Question 38

The arbor vitae refers to ________.

A)cerebellar gray matter
B)flocculonodular nodes
C)cerebellar white matter
D)the pleatlike convolutions of the cerebellum

Question 39

The brain stem consists of the ________.

A)midbrain,medulla,and pons
B)pons,medulla,cerebellum,and midbrain
C)midbrain only
D)cerebrum,pons,midbrain,and medulla

Question 40

Neural tracts that convey information to the brain concerning temperature and pain would be ________.

A)reticulospinal
B)lateral spinothalamic
C)ventral (anterior)spinothalamic
D)posterior spinothalamic

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT a function of the CSF?

A)nourishment of the brain
B)reduction of brain weight
C)initiation of some nerve impulses
D)protection from blows

Question 42

Important nuclei of the indirect (multineuronal)system that receive impulses from the equilibrium apparatus of the inner ear and help to maintain balance by varying muscle tone of postural muscles are the ________.

A)red nuclei
B)reticular nuclei
C)vestibular nuclei
D)superior colliculi

Question 43

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Damage to the visual association area can result in blindness.
B)Damage to the premotor cortex results in loss of motor skills programmed in that area but movement is still possible.
C)Damage to the primary auditory cortex results in the inability to interpret pitch,loudness,and location.
D)Damage to the primary (somatic)motor cortex results in the loss of both voluntary muscle control and all reflexive contractions.

Question 44

The frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the ________.

A)longitudinal fissure
B)cranial fossa
C)lateral sulcus
D)central sulcus

Question 45

Which of these would you NOT find in the cerebral cortex?

A)fiber tracts
B)interneurons
C)dendrites
D)cell bodies

Question 46

Which category of memory is involved when playing the piano?

A)motor
B)procedural
C)emotional
D)declarative

Question 47

The process of linking new facts with old facts already stored in the memory bank is called ________.

A)association
B)automatic memory
C)rehearsal
D)long-term memory

Question 48

Which part of the cerebral cortex is involved in intellect,cognition,recall,and personality?

A)limbic association area
B)prefrontal cortex (anterior association area)
C)posterior association area
D)combined primary somatosensory cortex and somatosensory association cortex

Question 49

The white matter of the spinal cord contains ________.

A)myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers
B)unmyelinated nerve fibers only
C)cell bodies
D)myelinated nerve fibers only

Question 50

All of the following are structures of the limbic system EXCEPT the ________.

A)cingulate gyrus
B)caudate nucleus
C)amygdaloid body
D)hippocampus

Question 51

Spastic paralysis suggests involvement of the ________.

A)spinal nerve roots
B)lower motor neurons
C)neuromuscular junction
D)upper motor neurons

Question 52

Which of the following would you NOT find in normal cerebrospinal fluid?

A)red blood cells
B)glucose
C)protein
D)potassium

Question 53

Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called ________.

A)fissures
B)ganglia
C)sulci
D)gyri

Question 54

The blood-brain barrier is effective against ________.

A)alcohol
B)anesthetics
C)nutrients such as glucose
D)metabolic waste such as urea

Question 55

The brain area that regulates activities that control the state of wakefulness or alertness of the cerebral cortex is the ________.

A)reticular formation
B)limbic system
C)thalamus
D)pyramids

Question 56

REM sleep is associated with ________.

A)decreased oxygen use,especially in the cerebral cortex
B)temporary skeletal muscle inhibition except for ocular muscles and diaphragm
C)decreased vital signs,such as heart rate and blood pressure
D)decreased activity of the brain,especially the cerebral cortex

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT a role of the basal nuclei?

A)playing a role in cognition and emotion
B)controlling starting and stopping movements
C)initiating protective reflex actions
D)inhibiting unnecessary or antagonistic movements

Question 58

Injury to the hypothalamus may result in all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A)loss of fine motor control
B)loss of body temperature control
C)sleep disturbances
D)dehydration

Question 59

Broca's area ________.

A)controls voluntary movements of the eyes
B)serves the recognition of complex objects
C)is considered a motor speech area
D)is usually found only in the right hemisphere

Question 60

Which of the following structures is probably NOT directly involved in memory?

A)prefrontal cortex
B)medulla oblongata
C)thalamus
D)hippocampus

Question 61

Degeneration of the dopamine-releasing neurons of the ________ is the ultimate cause of Parkinson's disease.

A)reticular formation
B)internal capsule
C)substantia nigra
D)red nucleus

Question 62

The large commissure that connects the right and left sides of the brain is called the ________.

A)corona radiata
B)internal capsule
C)corpus callosum
D)longitudinal fissure

Question 63

Which statement about coma is true?

A)Coma may be caused by widespread cerebral or brain stem trauma.
B)During coma,brain oxygen consumption resembles that of a waking state.
C)Coma is a form of deep sleep.
D)Coma is neurologically identical to syncope.

Question 64

The ________ includes the thalamus,hypothalamus,and epithalamus.

A)diencephalon
B)basal nuclei
C)midbrain
D)brain stem

Question 65

Arachnoid granulations are knoblike projections that protrude superiorly through the ________ mater to absorb cerebrospinal fluid into venous blood.

A)subarachnoid
B)dura
C)arachnoid
D)pia

Question 66

Loss of ability to perform skilled motor activities such as piano playing,with no paralysis or weakness in specific muscles,might suggest damage to the ________.

A)premotor cortex
B)primary motor cortex
C)rubrospinal tracts
D)spinal cord

Question 67

Which brain waves are uncommon for awake adults,but are common for children?

A)delta
B)alpha
C)theta
D)beta

Question 68

Which of the following is (are)involved with motor activity (either initiation or coordination)?

A)Wernicke's area
B)red nuclei
C)gustatory cortex
D)postcentral gyrus

Question 69

Interneurons receiving input from sensory neurons are located in the ________.

A)dorsal root ganglion
B)ventral (anterior)horn
C)dorsal (posterior)horn
D)lateral horn

Question 70

Which ventricle is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord?

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth

Question 71

Tremor at rest,shuffling gait,stooped posture,and expressionless face are characteristics of ________.

A)Parkinson's disease
B)Alzheimer's disease
C)cerebellar disease
D)Huntington's disease

Question 72

Declarative memory ________.

A)is the ability to learn specific information
B)usually involves motor skills
C)is best remembered in the doing
D)is hard to unlearn when learned once

Question 73

Which of the following is the mildest consequence of traumatic brain injury?

A)swelling
B)concussion
C)contusion
D)hemorrhage

Question 74

Second-order neurons of ascending pathways that contribute to sensory perception terminate in the ________.

A)somatosensory cortex
B)spinal cord
C)thalamus
D)medulla

Question 75

Which statement about epilepsy is most accurate?

A)Epilepsy is often genetically induced but also frequently caused by head trauma,stroke,infection,and tumor.
B)Absence seizures typically begin in adolescence and are often severely disabling.
C)The aura in tonic-clonic seizures typically occurs as the patient regains consciousness.
D)During seizures,sensory messages are processed normally but responses are blocked.

Question 76

White matter is found in all of the following locations EXCEPT the ________.

A)cerebral cortex
B)outer portion of the spinal cord
C)corpus callosum
D)corticospinal tracts

Question 77

The two longitudinal ridges on the medulla oblongata where many descending fibers cross over are called the ________.

A)lateral horns
B)pyramids
C)olives
D)nuclei

Question 78

Which type of memory is exemplified by a racing heartbeat upon hearing a rattlesnake nearby?

A)declarative (fact)
B)emotional
C)motor
D)procedural (skills)

Question 79

The area of the cortex that is responsible for sensing a full bladder and the feeling that your lungs will burst when you hold your breath too long is the ________.

A)gustatory cortex
B)vestibular cortex
C)visceral sensory area
D)olfactory cortex

Question 80

What connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland?

A)mammillary bodies
B)infundibulum
C)arbor vitae
D)optic chiasma