Deck 10: The Muscular System

Question 1

Muscle spasms of the back often are due to the erector spinae contraction.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The arrangement of a muscle's fascicles determines its range of motion and power.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The deltoid is a prime mover of the arm that acts in adduction.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Regardless of type,all levers follow the same basic principle: effort farther than load from fulcrum = mechanical advantage; effort nearer than load to fulcrum = mechanical disadvantage.

Question 5

Muscles connecting to the hyoid bone are important for swallowing and speech.

Question 6

The buccinator muscle compresses the cheek and is well developed in nursing infants.

Question 7

Deep muscles of the thorax promote movements for breathing.

Question 8

Although all skeletal muscles have different shapes,the fascicle arrangement of each muscle is exactly the same.

Question 9

Muscle power depends mostly on the total number of muscle fibers (cells)in the muscle.

Question 10

Muscles that help maintain upright posture are fixators.

Question 11

A pair of tweezers is a good example of a second-class lever.

Question 12

In order to propel food down to the esophagus,the pharyngeal constrictor muscles are used.

Question 13

The diaphragm flattens and moves inferiorly during inspiration.

Question 14

The broadest muscle of the back is the latissimus dorsi.

Question 15

Muscles are only able to pull,they never push.

Question 16

The major head flexors are the sternocleidomastoid muscles,with the help of the muscles attached to the hyoid bone.

Question 17

Muscles that help to maintain posture are best described as synergists.

Question 18

Both first- and second-class levers operate at a mechanical disadvantage.

Question 19

The calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon)is the largest tendon in the body.

Question 20

The soleus is a synergist of the gastrocnemius during plantar flexion.

Question 21

What type of muscle assists an agonist by causing a like movement or by stabilizing a joint over which an agonist acts?

A)a prime mover
B)an agonist
C)a synergist
D)an antagonist

Question 22

The muscles of facial expression insert into skin or other muscles,not bones.

Question 23

Which of the following describes the suprahyoid muscles?

A)They are a group of muscles that lie superior to the hyoid bone and help form the floor of the oral cavity.
B)They are often called strap muscles.
C)They depress the larynx and hyoid bone if the mandible is fixed.
D)They move the pharynx superiorly during swallowing.

Question 24

At the grocery store a cute,little curly-haired child is standing behind you in line.You turn around for a moment and she sticks her tongue out at you.Which tongue muscle did she use?

A)orbicularis oris
B)stylohyoid
C)genioglossus
D)hyoglossus

Question 25

Which of the following muscles is involved in crossing one leg over the other to produce the cross-legged position?

A)all of the hamstrings
B)the quadriceps femoris
C)the sartorius
D)the gastrocnemius

Question 26

Which of the following muscles is involved in producing horizontal wrinkles in the forehead?

A)the temporalis
B)the medial pterygoid
C)the frontal belly of the epicranius
D)the zygomaticus major

Question 27

The supraspinatus is named for its location on the posterior aspect of the scapula above the spine.What is its action?

A)to flex and adduct the humerus and to act as a synergist of the pectoralis major
B)to initiate abduction of the arm,to stabilize the shoulder joint and to help prevent downward dislocation of the humerus
C)to extend and medially rotate the humerus and to act as a synergist of the latissimus dorsi
D)to help hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity and rotate the humerus laterally

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a muscle primarily involved in the breathing process?

A)diaphragm
B)latissimus dorsi
C)external intercostal
D)internal intercostal

Question 29

Most superficial thorax muscles are extrinsic shoulder muscles.

Question 30

Which type of lever is demonstrated by using scissors?

A)a first-class lever
B)a second-class lever
C)a fourth-class lever
D)a third-class lever

Question 31

Which of the following muscles inserts to the posterior calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon?

A)the semitendinosus
B)the tibialis anterior
C)the gastrocnemius
D)the sartorius

Question 32

The names of muscles often indicate the action of the muscle.What does the term levator mean?

A)The muscle is a fixator and stabilizes a bone or joint.
B)The muscle flexes and rotates a region.
C)The muscle elevates.
D)The muscle functions as a synergist.

Question 33

What is a muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement called?

A)an agonist (prime mover)
B)a fixator
C)a synergist
D)an antagonist

Question 34

What is the main factor that determines the power of a muscle?

A)the total number of muscle fibers (cells)available for contraction
B)the length
C)the shape
D)the number of neurons innervating it

Question 35

What is the major factor controlling how levers work?

A)the structural characteristics of the muscles of the person using the lever
B)the weight of the load
C)the difference in the positioning of the effort,load,and fulcrum
D)the direction the load is being moved

Question 36

Which of the following muscles fixes and depresses the ribs and stabilizes the pelvis during walking?

A)transversus abdominis
B)internal oblique
C)external oblique
D)rectus abdominis

Question 37

The most powerful muscle in the body is the ________.

A)gluteus maximus
B)rectus abdominis
C)gastrocnemius
D)quadriceps femoris

Question 38

Which group of muscles elevates the first two ribs and flexes and rotates the neck?

A)the spinalis
B)the iliocostalis
C)the scalenes
D)the splenius

Question 39

If a lever operates at a mechanical disadvantage,it means that the ________.

A)effort is farther than the load from the fulcrum
B)load is near the fulcrum and the effort is at the distal end
C)lever system is useless
D)load is far from the fulcrum and the effort is applied near the fulcrum

Question 40

When the term biceps,triceps,or quadriceps forms part of a muscle's name,what does it tell you about the muscle?

A)The muscle is able to change direction twice,three times,or four times faster than other muscles,respectively.
B)The muscle has two,three,or four functions,respectively.
C)The muscle has two,three,or four insertions,respectively.
D)The muscle has two,three,or four origins,respectively.

Question 41

________ is a powerful forearm extensor.

A)Triceps brachii
B)Brachioradialis
C)Brachialis
D)Biceps brachii

Question 42

Which of the following muscles is NOT a member of the hamstrings group?

A)biceps femoris
B)semimembranosus
C)semitendinosus
D)vastus intermedius

Question 43

The ________ is known as the "boxer's muscle."

A)flexor digitorum longus
B)rectus abdominis
C)serratus anterior
D)biceps brachii

Question 44

First-class levers ________.

A)are typified by tweezers or forceps
B)are used when standing on tip-toe
C)in the body can operate at a mechanical advantage or mechanical disadvantage,depending on specific location
D)have load at one end of the lever,fulcrum at the other,and effort applied somewhere in the middle

Question 45

Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the thigh?

A)vastus medialis
B)iliopsoas and rectus femoris
C)soleus
D)biceps femoris

Question 46

What are the levers that operate at a mechanical advantage called?

A)speed levers
B)dysfunctional levers
C)power levers
D)functional levers

Question 47

Which of the following muscles does NOT act in plantar flexion?

A)gastrocnemius and soleus
B)flexor digitorum longus
C)popliteus
D)tibialis posterior

Question 48

Which muscle(s)is (are)contracted to exhale forcibly?

A)diaphragm alone
B)external intercostals and diaphragm
C)internal intercostals and rectus abdominus
D)rectus abdominis and diaphragm

Question 49

Which of these is NOT a way of classifying muscles?

A)muscle location
B)muscle shape
C)the type of muscle fibers
D)the type of action they cause

Question 50

Which muscle group is involved when a "pulled groin" occurs?

A)lateral rotators
B)quadriceps
C)hamstrings
D)thigh adductors

Question 51

If L = load,F = fulcrum,and E = effort,what type of lever system is described as LEF?

A)third-class lever
B)second-class lever
C)fourth-class lever
D)first-class lever

Question 52

What do the genioglossus,hyoglossus,and styloglossus muscles have in common?

A)All act on the tongue.
B)All names indicate the relative size of the muscle.
C)Each acts synergistically to elevate the jaw.
D)All names reflect direction of muscle fibers.

Question 53

Which of the following is NOT a member of the hamstrings?

A)biceps femoris
B)semitendinosus
C)gracilis
D)semimembranosus

Question 54

Which of the following muscles is a flexor of the thigh?

A)vastus lateralis
B)adductor magnus
C)gluteus maximus
D)tibialis posterior

Question 55

Which of the following muscles serves as a common intramuscular injection site,particularly in infants as the buttocks and arm muscles are poorly developed?

A)the vastus lateralis
B)the vastus medialis
C)rectus femoris
D)the vastus intermedius

Question 56

Which of the following best describes the orbicularis oris?

A)It closes,purses,and protrudes the lips.
B)It closes the eye.
C)It pulls the lower lip down and back.
D)It draws the eyebrows together.

Question 57

Paralysis of which of the following muscles would make an individual unable to flex the knee?

A)hamstring muscles
B)gluteal muscles
C)soleus
D)brachioradialis

Question 58

In general,a muscle that crosses on the anterior side of a joint produces ________.

A)flexion
B)adduction
C)extension
D)abduction

Question 59

The sternocleidomastoid muscle inserts on the ________.

A)platysma
B)clavicle
C)mastoid process of the temporal bone
D)sternum

Question 60

Which of the following muscles is involved in inversion at the ankle joint?

A)extensor digitorum longus
B)tibialis anterior
C)fibularis (peroneus)longus
D)fibularis (peroneus)tertius

Question 61

A young pregnant woman went to a childbirth class and the instructor informed them about strengthening the muscles of the pelvic floor.What are these muscles?

Question 62

The abnormal protrusion of the small intestine through a weak point in the muscle of the abdominal wall is called a ________.

A)hyperextension
B)sprain
C)pulled muscle
D)hernia

Question 63

A woman mentions to her friend that another person on the beach has "great abs." What is she talking about?

Question 64

The ________ runs deep to the internal oblique.

A)transversus abdominis
B)external oblique
C)latissimus dorsi
D)rectus abdominis

Question 65

The ________ helps keep food between the grinding surfaces of the teeth during chewing.

A)risorius
B)orbicularis oris
C)buccinator
D)mentalis

Question 66

The ________ extends the great toe.

A)tibialis anterior
B)gastrocneumius
C)fibularis (peroneous)tertius
D)extensor hallucis longus

Question 67

The ________ is a synergist of the latissimus dorsi; it extends,medially rotates,and adducts the humerus.

A)supraspinatus
B)teres minor
C)infraspinatus
D)teres major

Question 68

In emphysema,the lungs become overdistended with trapped air,which increases the effort required for breathing.Describe the muscles involved when breathing becomes a forced process,such as a patient who has emphysema.

Question 69

An elderly woman,with extensive osteoarthritis of her left hip joint,entered the hospital to have a total hip joint replacement (prosthesis implantation).After surgery,her left hip had to be maintained in abduction to prevent dislocation of the prosthesis while healing was occurring.An abduction pillow was used to keep the legs apart,especially when lying on her side.Name the abductor muscles and describe the action of each that need to be strengthened in order to help maintain abduction.

Question 70

How does an antagonist differ from a prime mover (agonist)? How is it the same?

Question 71

From superficial to deep,order the transversus abdominis,external oblique and internal oblique muscles.Describe the orientation of the muscle fibers for each of these as well as for the rectus abdominis muscles.

Question 72

The ________ is the main chewing muscle.

A)hyoglossus
B)lateral pterygoid
C)buccinator
D)masseter

Question 73

Donna was rushing to class and slipped on a patch of ice and fell backward.An X-ray revealed a broken coccyx.All the associated muscles were bruised.Name these muscles.

Question 74

How can a lever system work at a mechanical disadvantage but still be of use to us?

Question 75

The ________ tightens the neck and draws the corners of the mouth downward as in expressing horror.

A)platysma
B)mentalis
C)sternocleidomastoid
D)sternohyoid

Question 76

The quadriceps femoris is composed of three "vastus" muscles and the ________.

A)semitendinosus
B)rectus femoris
C)semimembranosus
D)biceps femoris

Question 77

Bodybuilders are known for their "great quads." Describe the quadriceps muscles.

Question 78

A nurse can facilitate respiratory functioning by encouraging deep breathing exercises such as diaphragmatic breathing.Explain diaphragmatic breathing.

Question 79

Damage to the ischiocavernosus muscle would have what effect?

Question 80

A wide receiver for a college football team pulled a hamstring muscle.What muscles could be affected and what would the effect be?