Deck 8: Joints

Question 1

Synovial fluid is a viscous material that is derived by filtration from blood.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The amount of movement permitted by a particular joint is the basis for the functional classification of that joint.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The gripping of the trochlea by the trochlear notch constitutes the "hinge" for the elbow joint.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Flexion of the ankle so that the superior aspect of the foot approaches the shin is called dorsiflexion.

Question 5

Bending of the tip of the finger exhibits flexion.

Question 6

Supination is the movement of the forearm in which the palm of the hand is turned anteriorly or superiorly.

Question 7

Synovial fluid contains phagocytic cells that protect the cavity from invasion by microbes or other debris.

Question 8

The only movement allowed between the first two cervical vertebrae is flexion.

Question 9

A person who has been diagnosed with a sprained ankle has an injury to the ligaments that attach to that joint.

Question 10

Pronation is a much stronger movement than supination.

Question 11

All joints permit some degree of movement,even if very slight.

Question 12

A ball-and-socket joint is a multiaxial joint.

Question 13

The structural classification of joints is based on the composition of the binding material and the presence or absence of a joint cavity.

Question 14

The major role of ligaments at synovial joints is to unite bones and prevent undesirable movement.

Question 15

The articular surfaces of synovial joints play a minimal role in joint stability.

Question 16

A person who has been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis would be suffering loss of the synovial fluids.

Question 17

Movement at the hip joint does not have as wide a range of motion as at the shoulder joint.

Question 18

The wrist joint can exhibit adduction and eversion movements.

Question 19

Moving a limb so that it describes a cone in space is called circumduction.

Question 20

Hinge joints permit movement in only two planes.

Question 21

Synarthrotic joints ________.

A)characterize all cartilaginous joints
B)are found only in adults
C)have large joint cavities
D)are immovable joints

Question 22

Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are ________.

A)synarthroses
B)amphiarthroses
C)diarthroses
D)synovial joints

Question 23

In symphysis joints the articular surfaces of the bones are covered with ________.

A)synovial membranes
B)fibrocartilage
C)tendon sheaths
D)hyaline cartilage

Question 24

On the basis of structural classification,which is a fibrous joint?

A)pivot
B)syndesmosis
C)symphysis
D)synchondrosis

Question 25

Which of the following are cartilaginous joints?

A)syndesmoses
B)gomphoses
C)synchondroses
D)sutures

Question 26

In the classification of joints,which of the following is true?

A)In cartilaginous joints,a joint cavity is present.
B)All synovial joints are freely movable.
C)Synarthrotic joints are slightly movable.
D)Immovable joints are called amphiarthroses.

Question 27

The gliding motion of the wrist uses ________ joints.

A)pivot
B)hinge
C)plane
D)condyloid

Question 28

Which of the following statements defines synchondroses?

A)joints that permit angular movements
B)interphalangeal joints
C)amphiarthrotic joints designed for strength and flexibility
D)cartilaginous joints where hyaline cartilage unites the ends of bones

Question 29

Dislocations in the TMJ almost always dislocate posteriorly with the mandibular condyles ending up in the infratemporal fossa.

Question 30

What are menisci (articular discs)?

A)wedges of fibrocartilage that partially or completely divide the synovial cavity
B)small sacs containing synovial fluid
C)cavities lined with cartilage
D)tendon sheaths

Question 31

Synovial fluid is present in joint cavities of freely movable joints.Which of the following statements is true about this fluid?

A)It contains hyaluronic acid.
B)It contains hydrochloric acid.
C)It contains lactic acid.
D)It contains enzymes only.

Question 32

Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membrane that act as cushions in places where friction develops are called ________.

A)menisci
B)ligaments
C)tendons
D)bursae

Question 33

What is moving a limb away from the midline of the body along the frontal plane called?

A)flexion
B)abduction
C)extension
D)adduction

Question 34

A joint united by fibrocartilage tissue that usually permits a slight degree of movement is a ________.

A)symphysis
B)gomphosis
C)suture
D)syndesmosis

Question 35

Bending your head back until it hurts is an example of ________.

A)circumduction
B)extension
C)hyperextension
D)flexion

Question 36

Fibrous joints are classified as ________.

A)hinge,saddle,and ellipsoidal
B)sutures,syndesmoses,and gomphoses
C)symphysis,sacroiliac,and articular
D)pivot,hinge,and ball and socket

Question 37

Symphyses are synarthrotic joints designed for strength with flexibility.

Question 38

The cruciate ligaments of the knee ________.

A)are also called collateral ligaments
B)prevent hyperextension of the knee
C)tend to run parallel to one another
D)attach to each other in their midportions

Question 39

The ligaments that protect the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles and limit the movement of the femur anteriorly and posteriorly are called ________.

A)anterior ligaments
B)cruciate ligaments
C)tibial collateral ligaments
D)patellar ligaments

Question 40

Which of the following is a true statement regarding gliding movements?

A)Gliding movements allow flexibility of the upper limbs.
B)Gliding movements occur at the intercarpal and intertarsal joints.
C)An example of a gliding movement is nodding one's head.
D)Gliding movements are multiaxial.

Question 41

Saddle joints have concave and convex surfaces.Identify a saddle joint of the skeleton.

A)carpometacarpal joint of the phalanges
B)carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
C)metacarpophalangeal joint of the finger
D)interphalangeal joint of the finger

Question 42

Compared to the shoulder,displacements of the hip joints are ________.

A)rare because of the ligament reinforcement
B)common due to the weight bearing the hip endures
C)rare because the rotator cuff stabilizes the hip joint
D)common in all people who are overweight

Question 43

Football players often sustain lateral blows to the extended knee.Which of the following is (are)damaged as a result?

A)tibial collateral ligament,medial meniscus,and anterior cruciate ligament
B)arcuate popliteal and the posterior cruciate ligaments
C)suprapatellar ligament
D)oblique popliteal and extracapsular ligaments

Question 44

All of the following are factors that influence synovial joint stability EXCEPT?

A)structure and shape of the articulating bone
B)strength and tension of joint ligaments
C)arrangement and tension of the muscles
D)number of bones in the joint

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT strictly a part of a synovial joint?

A)articular cartilage
B)tendon sheath
C)joint (articular)cavity
D)articular (joint)capsule

Question 46

An example of an interosseous fibrous joint is ________.

A)the clavicle and the scapula at the distal ends
B)between the vertebrae
C)the radius and ulna along its length
D)between the humerus and the glenoid cavity

Question 47

Moving your jaw forward,causing an underbite,is called ________.

A)pronation
B)retraction
C)adduction
D)protraction

Question 48

Which of the following statements best describes angular movements?

A)They change (increase or decrease)the angle between two bones.
B)They occur only between bones with flat articular processes.
C)They turn a bone along its own long axis.
D)They allow movement only in one plane.

Question 49

The terms inversion and eversion pertain only to the ________.

A)arms
B)feet
C)hands
D)hands and the feet

Question 50

Which of the following movements does NOT increase or decrease the angle between bones?

A)extension
B)rotation
C)abduction
D)circumduction

Question 51

The hip joint is a good example of a(n)________ synovial joint.

A)uniaxial
B)biaxial
C)multiaxial
D)nonaxial

Question 52

Tendon sheaths ________.

A)act as friction-reducing structures
B)help anchor the tendon to the muscle
C)are lined with dense irregular connective tissue
D)are extensions of periosteum

Question 53

Extracapsular ligaments stabilizing the knee include ________.

A)the patellar ligament extending from femur to patella
B)cruciate ligaments,which help secure the articulating bones together
C)fibular and tibial collateral ligaments,which prevent lateral or medial rotation
D)the oblique popliteal crossing the knee anteriorly

Question 54

Which of the following is a true statement?

A)The annular ligament surrounds the head of the radius.
B)The rotator cuff is responsible for the flexible extensions at the elbow joint.
C)The head of the humerus articulates with the acromion process.
D)The greater tubercle of the humerus articulates at the coracoid process of the scapula.

Question 55

Pointing the toes is an example of ________.

A)pronation
B)circumduction
C)protraction
D)plantar flexion

Question 56

Which ligament of the knee initiates the knee-jerk reflex when tapped?

A)the medial patellar retinacula
B)the patellar ligament
C)the lateral patellar retinacula
D)the extracapsular ligament

Question 57

Presence of a synovial cavity,articular cartilage,synovial membrane,and ligaments are characteristics of what type of joint?

A)hinge joint
B)symphysis
C)suture
D)synchondrosis

Question 58

Antibiotic treatment would be recommended for ________.

A)osteoarthritis
B)Lyme disease
C)rheumatoid arthritis
D)gout

Question 59

Performing "jumping jacks" requires ________.

A)pronation and supination
B)flexion and extention
C)abduction and adduction
D)inversion and eversion

Question 60

Baseball pitchers often require "Tommy John" surgery to repair damage to their elbow.Which ligament would this surgery target?

A)lateral ligament
B)acetabular labrum
C)anular ligament
D)ulnar collateral ligament

Question 61

After reading a medical report,you learn that a 45-year-old female has the following symptoms: inflammation of synovial membranes,accumulation of synovial fluid,pain and tenderness about the joints,pannus formation,and some immobility at certain joints.On the basis of these symptoms,what would the patient probably have?

Question 62

Lifting up a glass to take a drink involves the elbow joint.Which of the following correctly characterizes that joint?

A)cartilaginous
B)pivot
C)diarthrotic
D)biaxial

Question 63

The type of joint between the carpal (trapezium)and the first metacarpal is a ________ joint.

A)saddle
B)hinge
C)condylar
D)plane

Question 64

Which joints are correctly matched?

A)interphalangeal; plane
B)ankle; hinge
C)elbow; pivot
D)wrist; saddle

Question 65

Why is muscle tone the most important stabilizing factor for most joints?

Question 66

After months of very little exercise,you decide to go for a long run.After a mile,you start to feel pain in your kneecap area.What could explain this?

Question 67

A friend finally completes a basement floor tiling project that required extensive time on his knees.Afterwards,knee pain took him to a doctor who diagnosed bursitis.Help explain to your friend what bursitis is and what can be done to relieve it.

Question 68

Although uric acid is a normal waste product of nucleic acid metabolism,excessive levels lead to gouty arthritis.How does this waste product build up and cause so much pain when things go wrong and why is it more common in men?

Question 69

Farhad begins typing his term paper on his new computer early one morning.After 8 hours of typing,he notices that his wrists are stiff and very sore.The next morning,Farhad begins to finish his paper,but soon finds his wrists hurt worse than last night.What is wrong?

Question 70

Greg is somewhat of a "weekend athlete" who has overextended himself by pitching multiple baseball games for a local team during the week and by playing golf on the weekends for several hours.He presented himself to the emergency room last week with severe shoulder pain (at the glenohumeral joint).The physician told him that the X-ray was not conclusive,but he may have damage to his rotator cuff.What is the rotator cuff,and how might he have caused this damage? What remedies will the physician recommend?

Question 71

Steven,a football player,complained of severe pain and the inability to use his right arm and shoulder after having been tackled during a game.What would you guess might be his problem?

Question 72

An individual with a "double-jointed" thumb can pull it back towards the wrist much farther than normal.What does it mean to be "double-jointed?"

A)the additional joint present doubles the range of motion
B)articular cartilage at bone ends is replaced with hyaline cartilage
C)greater than normal production of serous fluid lubricates the joint and extends it
D)the joint capsules and ligaments are more stretchy and loose than normal

Question 73

Mary has been suffering from a "bad knee" for several months.She is a tennis player who often slides in to attack a ball; she is an aerobic devotee and a jogger.She visited an orthopedic surgeon last week who told her that he would "like to have a look at her knee joint." He also told her that her symptoms indicated damage to the meniscus,and it might have to be removed.What will the doctor do to see the joint,and if the meniscus is removed will Mary be able to play tennis again?

Question 74

Briefly describe the structure of a typical synovial joint.

Question 75

How can osteoarthritis be treated?

Question 76

Synovial joints have six distinguishing features.What are they?

Question 77

Why are epiphyseal plates considered temporary joints?

Question 78

Which joint does NOT belong with the others?

A)elbow
B)ankle
C)wrist
D)interphalangeal (toes)

Question 79

For each of the following movements,indicate the specific kind of joint involved (e.g.,hinge,etc.)and the movement performed (e.g.,extension,etc.).
a.Bending the elbow: ________,________.
b.Turning head side to side: ________,________.
c.Lowering your arm to your side in the frontal plane: ________,________.
d.Turning the sole of foot medially: ________,________.

Question 80

Probenecid inhibits the active resorption of uric acid in the kidney,which leads to increased urinary excretion of uric acid.Explain why this drug would be useful in treating gout.