Deck 2: Chemistry Comes Alive

Question 1

The lower the pH,the higher the hydrogen ion concentration.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Glycogen,the storage form of glucose,is primarily stored in skeletal muscle and liver cells.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Triglycerides are a poor source of stored energy.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

A chemical bond is an energy relationship between outer electrons and neighboring atoms.

Question 5

Hydrogen bonds are too weak to bind atoms together to form molecules,but they do hold different parts of a single large molecule in a specific three-dimensional shape.

Question 6

The pH of body fluids must remain fairly constant for the body to maintain homeostasis.

Question 7

Isotopes differ from each other only in the number of electrons the atom contains.

Question 8

A dipeptide can be broken into two amino acids by dehydration synthesis.

Question 9

The atomic weight is an average of the relative weights (mass numbers)of all the isotopes of an element.

Question 10

Chemical properties are determined primarily by neutrons.

Question 11

The acidity of a solution reflects the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution.

Question 12

Mixtures are combinations of elements or compounds that are physically blended together but are not bound by chemical bonds.

Question 13

All organic compounds contain carbon.

Question 14

A charged particle is generally called an ion or electrolyte.

Question 15

It is the difference in the R group that makes each amino acid chemically unique.

Question 16

Covalent bonds are generally less stable than ionic bonds.

Question 17

Omega-3 fatty acids appear to decrease the risk of heart disease.

Question 18

Glucose is an example of a monosaccharide.

Question 19

About 60% to 80% of the volume of most living cells consists of organic compounds.

Question 20

The fact that no chemical bonding occurs between the components of a mixture is the chief difference between mixtures and compounds.

Question 21

Which statement about enzymes is FALSE?

A)Most enzymes can catalyze millions of reactions per minute.
B)Enzymes may be damaged by high temperature.
C)Enzymes may use coenzymes derived from vitamins or cofactors from metallic elements.
D)Enzymes require contact with substrate in order to assume their active form.

Question 22

In general,the lipids that we refer to as oils have ________.

A)long fatty acid chains
B)a high water content
C)unsaturated fatty acids
D)saturated fatty acids

Question 23

Buffers resist abrupt and large changes in the pH of body fluids by releasing or binding ions.

Question 24

Which of the following would be regarded as an organic molecule?

A)NaCl
B)H2O
C)CH4
D)NaOH

Question 25

What is a chain of more than 50 amino acids called?

A)protein
B)triglyceride
C)nucleic acid
D)polysaccharide

Question 26

Which of the following is the major positive ion outside cells?

A)hydrogen
B)magnesium
C)sodium
D)potassium

Question 27

Choose the answer that best describes HCO3-.

A)a proton donor
B)a weak acid
C)a bicarbonate ion
D)common in the liver

Question 28

Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and skeletal muscles in the form of ________.

A)triglycerides
B)glycogen
C)glucose
D)cholesterol

Question 29

The single most abundant protein in the body is ________.

A)hemoglobin
B)collagen
C)DNA
D)glucose

Question 30

Which of the following does NOT characterize proteins?

A)Their function depends on their three-dimensional shape.
B)They may be denatured or coagulated by heat or acidity.
C)They appear to be the molecular carriers of coded hereditary information.
D)They have both functional and structural roles in the body.

Question 31

Which of the following does NOT describe enzymes?

A)Enzymes work by raising the energy of activation.
B)Some enzymes are purely protein.
C)Some enzymes are protein plus a cofactor.
D)Each enzyme is chemically specific.

Question 32

Which of the following is a general function for a fibrous protein?

A)protein management
B)transport
C)structural framework
D)body defense
E)catalysis

Question 33

Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the ________.

A)addition of a carbon atom between each two units
B)removal of a water molecule between each two units
C)addition of a water molecule between each two units
D)removal of a carbon atom between each two units

Question 34

The basic structural material of the body consists of ________.

A)proteins
B)lipids
C)nucleic acids
D)carbohydrates

Question 35

The genetic information is coded in DNA by the ________.

A)sequence of the nucleotides
B)three-dimensional structure of the double helix
C)arrangement of the histones
D)regular alteration of sugar and phosphate molecules

Question 36

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Chemical reactions progress at a faster rate when the reacting particles are present in higher numbers.
B)Catalysts increase the rate of chemical reactions,sometimes while undergoing reversible changes in shape.
C)Larger particles move faster than smaller ones and thus collide more frequently and more forcefully.
D)Chemical reactions proceed more quickly at higher temperatures.

Question 37

What structural level is represented by the coiling of the protein chain backbone into an alpha helix?

A)tertiary structure
B)secondary structure
C)primary structure
D)quaternary structure

Question 38

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)The pH of blood is slightly basic.
B)The more hydrogen ions in a solution,the more acidic the solution.
C)When acids and bases are mixed,they react with each other to form water and a salt.
D)When the hydrogen ion concentration decreases,the hydroxyl ion concentration also decreases.

Question 39

Salts are always ________.

A)double covalent compounds
B)single covalent compounds
C)ionic compounds
D)hydrogen bonded

Question 40

The numbers listed represent the number of electrons in the first,second,and third energy levels,respectively.On this basis,which of the following is an unstable or reactive atom?

A)2
B)2,8
C)2,8,1
D)2,8,8

Question 41

Select the correct statement about isotopes.

A)All the isotopes of an element have the same number of neutrons but differing numbers of electrons.
B)Isotopes of the same element have the same atomic number but differ in their mass number.
C)All the isotopes of an element are radioactive.
D)Isotopes occur only in the heavier elements.

Question 42

An atom with 3 electrons in its outermost (valence)shell may have a total of ________ electrons altogether.

A)13
B)8
C)17
D)3

Question 43

What is a dipole?

A)a polar molecule
B)an organic molecule
C)a type of reaction
D)a type of bond

Question 44

Which of the following is an example of a suspension?

A)salt water
B)rubbing alcohol
C)blood
D)cytosol

Question 45

The chemical symbol O=O means ________.

A)the atoms are double bonded
B)both atoms are bonded and have zero electrons in the outer orbit
C)zero equals zero
D)this is an ionic bond with two shared electrons

Question 46

Amino acids joining together to make a peptide is a good example of a(n)________ reaction.

A)decomposition
B)reversible
C)synthesis
D)exchange

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT considered a factor in influencing a reaction rate?

A)time
B)concentration of reactants
C)temperature
D)particle size

Question 48

What happens in redox reactions?

A)the electron acceptor is oxidized
B)the organic substance that loses hydrogen is usually reduced
C)both decomposition and electron exchange occur
D)the reaction is uniformly reversible

Question 49

Which of the following does NOT describe uses for the ATP molecule?

A)pigment structure
B)mechanical work
C)transport across membranes
D)chemical work

Question 50

What does CH4 mean?

A)This is an inorganic molecule.
B)This was involved in a redox reaction.
C)There is one carbon and four hydrogen atoms.
D)There are four carbon and four hydrogen atoms.

Question 51

Which property of water is demonstrated when we sweat?

A)high heat of vaporization
B)polar solvent properties
C)high heat capacity
D)reactivity
E)cushioning

Question 52

The four elements that make up about 96% of body weight are ________.

A)carbon,oxygen,hydrogen,nitrogen
B)carbon,oxygen,phosphorus,calcium
C)nitrogen,hydrogen,calcium,sodium
D)sodium,potassium,hydrogen,oxygen

Question 53

Which of the following is a neutralization reaction?

A)NH3 + H+ → NH4+2
B)HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O
C)HCl → H+ + Cl-
D)NaOH → Na+ + OH-

Question 54

A high fever causes an enzyme to lose its three dimensional structure and function.Which bonds are broken when a protein denatures?

A)non-polar covalent bonds
B)polar covalent bonds
C)ionic bonds
D)hydrogen bonds

Question 55

Choose the answer that best describes fibrous proteins.

A)rarely exhibit secondary structure
B)are usually called enzymes
C)are cellular catalysts
D)are very stable and insoluble in water

Question 56

What does the formula C6H12O6 mean?

A)The substance is a colloid.
B)There are 6 calcium,12 hydrogen,and 6 oxygen atoms.
C)The molecular weight is 24.
D)There are,6 carbon,12 hydrogen,and 6 oxygen atoms.

Question 57

Sucrose is a ________.

A)disaccharide
B)polysaccharide
C)triglyceride
D)monosaccharide

Question 58

If atom X has an atomic number of 74 it would have which of the following?

A)37 protons and 37 neutrons
B)37 protons and 37 electrons
C)37 electrons
D)74 protons

Question 59

Atom X has 17 protons.How many electrons are in its valence shell (outermost energy level)?

A)7
B)3
C)5
D)10

Question 60

________ is fat soluble,produced in the skin on exposure to UV radiation,and necessary for normal bone growth and function.

A)Cortisol
B)Vitamin K
C)Vitamin A
D)Vitamin D

Question 61

Phospholipids make up most of the lipid part of the cell membrane.Since water exists on both the outside and inside of a cell,which of the following phospholipid arrangements makes the most sense?

A)a single layer of phospholipids with the polar heads facing outside the cell
B)a single layer of phospholipids with the polar heads facing inside the cell
C)two back-to-back phospholipid layers with the polar heads facing out on both sides
D)two back-to-back phospholipid layers with the non-polar tails facing out on both sides

Question 62

An acid with a pH of 6 has ________ hydrogen ions than pure water.

A)100-fold fewer
B)10-fold more
C)10-fold fewer
D)100-fold more

Question 63

In a DNA molecule,the phosphate serves ________.

A)as a code
B)to hold the molecular backbone together
C)as nucleotides
D)to bind the sugars to their bases

Question 64

Which of the following is incorrectly matched?

A)monosaccharide; carbohydrate
B)eicosanoid; triglyceride
C)amino acid; protein
D)nucleotide; nucleic acid

Question 65

When DNA is replicated,it is necessary for the two strands to "unzip" temporarily.Choose which bonding type is most appropriate for holding the strands together in this way.

A)non-polar covalent bonding
B)hydrogen bonding
C)ionic bonding
D)polar covalent bonding

Question 66

Starch is the stored carbohydrate in plants,while ________ is the stored carbohydrate in animals.

A)glycogen
B)cellulose
C)triglyceride
D)glucose

Question 67

ATP → ADP + Pi is an example of a(n)________ reaction.

A)decomposition
B)exchange
C)synthesis
D)reversible

Question 68

Which of the following is chemically inert (unreactive)?

A)carbon (atomic number 6)
B)oxygen (atomic number 8)
C)neon (atomic number 10)
D)sodium (atomic number 11)

Question 69

Forming glycogen as energy storage in the liver is an example of ________.

A)exergonic
B)anabolism
C)catabolism
D)oxidation

Question 70

Lithium has an atomic number of 3.How many electrons are there in the outermost (valence)shell?

A)one
B)two
C)zero
D)three

Question 71

When frying an egg,the protein albumin denatures and maintains only its ________ structure.

A)tertiary
B)secondary
C)quaternary
D)primary

Question 72

With a family history of cardiovascular disease,which toast spread would be considered the most "heart healthy?"

A)olive oil
B)butter containing butterfat
C)lard (pig fat)
D)margarine containing trans fats

Question 73

Salivary amylase is an enzyme produced by the salivary glands that breaks down carbohydrates.What will happen to this enzyme as it follows the food into the stomach where the pH drops to 2.5?

A)The enzyme will assume an alternate form and catalyze additional reactions.
B)The enzyme will denature and become inactive.
C)The enzyme will continue to function as it remains unchanged in chemical reactions.
D)The enzyme will denature but retain its function.

Question 74

Tendons are strong,rope-like structures that connect skeletal muscle to bone.Which of the following proteins would provide strength to a tendon?

A)albumin
B)molecular chaperone
C)actin
D)collagen

Question 75

What is the ratio of fatty acids to glycerol in triglycerides (neutral fats)?

A)4:1
B)3:1
C)1:1
D)2:1

Question 76

A patient is hyperventilating.The "blowing off" of excessive carbon dioxide causes a decrease in blood H+ concentration.How can the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system function to correct this imbalance? CO2 + H2O ↔ H2CO3 ↔ H+ + HCO3-

A)HCO3- binds with H+ to form H2CO3 and lower pH
B)HCO3- binds with H+ to form H2CO3 and raise pH
C)H2CO3 dissociates to form more H+ and lower pH
D)H2CO3 dissociates to form more H+ and raise pH

Question 77

An atom with an atomic number of 10 and a mass number of 24 would have ________.

A)14 electrons
B)14 neutrons
C)24 protons
D)10 neutrons

Question 78

What happens when globular proteins are denatured?

Question 79

How many phosphates would AMP have attached to it?

A)three
B)two
C)one
D)none

Question 80

What type of chemical bond can form between an atom with 11 protons and an atom with 17 protons?

A)polar covalent
B)ionic
C)non-polar covalent
D)hydrogen