The Foundation of Indian Society, to 300 Ce Flashcards

Question

What was the Rig Veda?

A) An oral collection of military stories
B) The name given to Harappan texts
C) An oral collection of ritual texts, treatises, and hymns
D) A collection of Greek epics borrowed by the Aryans

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Question

On which of the following did the prosperity of the Indus (Harappan) civilization depend?

A) Extensive trade with China
B) Intensive cultivation of the fertile river valley
C) The religious toleration shown to conquered peoples
D) Their skill in making and trading jewelry

Question

What was one of the most unique features of Harappan cities?

A) Assembly halls
B) Wide roads
C) Communal wells
D) Drainage systems

Question

What was one of the first crops to be developed in India?

A) Rice
B) Lentils
C) Cotton
D) Wheat

Question

Compared to ancient Egyptian and Sumerian civilizations, what makes the Indus civilization unique?

A) It was nearly twice as large in territory.
B) It lasted less than three hundred years.
C) Its people did not grow cotton.
D) It was not a literate society.

Question

Who were the "untouchables" in the varna system?

A) Women who belonged to the lowest caste
B) Outsiders who were considered "impure"
C) The nobility
D) Child slaves

Question

What did the Aryans use to ease the difficult task of clearing the jungle?

A) Fire
B) Iron tools
C) Pesticides
D) Wooden plows

Question

In terms of India's geography, what regions have been home to its great empires?

A) Fertile plains in the river valleys
B) Forests at the foot of the Himalayas
C) Deserts of the Rajasthan regions
D) Jungles of the Vindhya Mountains

Question

Which of the following was true of the Aryans?

A) They were the native people of the Ganges Valley.
B) They were a warrior people who destroyed the Indus civilization.
C) They put an end to the strict Harappan caste system.
D) They spoke an Indo-European language.

Question

What are priests referred to as in the Indian caste system?

A) Brahmins
B) Jains
C) Buddhas
D) Shudras

Question

Harappan houses were built around what feature?

A) A household shrine
B) A burial site
C) A cooking hearth
D) A courtyard

Question

The Aryans spoke an early form of what language?

A) Sanskrit
B) Hindi
C) Persian
D) Tamil

Question

The first Indian civilization-the Harappan civilization-is also known as which of the following?

A) The Mauryan Empire
B) The Indus Valley civilization
C) The Indo-Aryan civilization
D) Mesopotamia

Question

Who was at the head of each Aryan tribal group?

A) A raja or chief
B) A head priest
C) An assembly of tribesmen
D) A god-king

Question

The earliest Indian civilization developed along what river?

A) Nile
B) Euphrates
C) Ganges
D) Indus

Question

Like early Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilization, Harappan civilization depended on what annually?

A) Visitation from the gods to provide for abundance during harvest
B) A short but wet growing season
C) Attending the Tigris River Valley seed market
D) Floods and irrigation to sustain agriculture

Question

In the photograph "Gandharan Frieze Depicting the Buddha's Enlightenment," the serene appearance of Buddha, despite his being surrounded by enemies, is evidence of his having attained which of the following?

A) Noble status
B) Eternal life
C) Enlightenment
D) Rebirth

Question

What is unusual about the written language of the Harappan people?

A) It consisted of only four hundred letters.
B) It was very similar to Sumerian cuneiform.
C) No one has yet deciphered it.
D) It was written on papyrus and silk.

Question

As in Egypt, Harappan agriculture was aided by which of the following?

A) A long, hot growing season
B) Monsoon rains
C) Man-made lakes
D) Mild temperatures

Question

Harappan craftsmen are the first known producers of what cloth?

A) Wool
B) Linen
C) Cotton
D) Silk

Question

According to Mahavira, what kinds of objects have souls?

A) Only human beings have souls.
B) All objects, living or inanimate, have souls.
C) Only living creatures, human and animal, have souls.
D) All animate objects, but only some inanimate objects, have souls.

Question

Which of the following is associated with Jainism?

A) Personal liberty
B) Gender equality
C) Democracy
D) Nonviolence

Question

What evidence in this photograph of the brick ruins of Mohenjo-daro reinforces the belief of some historians that no king or queen ruled over the people of Mohenjo-daro?

A) The close-knit nature of the dwellings
B) The narrow passageways between structure
C) The absence of a large temple or palace
D) The relatively small size of the settlement

Question

What enabled India to make contact with the outside world in the sixth century B.C.E.?

A) Alexander the Great's conquest brought knowledge of the Mediterranean world.
B) As the Persian Empire expanded, it made territorial conquests in the Indus Valley.
C) Great expansion of overseas trade by Indian merchants and a new merchant fleet led to outside contact.
D) Significant technological improvements in sailing led to greater communication and travel.

Question

Why are the people depicted in this statue keeping their gaze turned inward as they circumambulate the stupa?

A) To display respect for one another
B) To keep Buddhism's teachings at the center of their lives
C) To display reverence to Buddhist monks
D) To attain enlightenment

Question

What is the ultimate goal of Hinduism?

A) Wealth and earthly prosperity
B) Becoming a priest
C) Union with Brahman
D) Physical immortality

Question

What was the main ritual performed in Buddhist monasteries?

A) Extreme asceticism
B) Pilgrimage to Nepal
C) Growing one's own food
D) Communal recitation of sutras

Question

Buddha taught that individuals could triumph over human weakness by

A) following an ascetic lifestyle.
B) following the Eightfold Path.
C) entering a monastery.
D) properly observing the rituals of Hinduism.

Question

What is the Hindu concept of dharma?

A) The rejection of ritualism
B) The belief in reincarnation
C) The balance sheet of good and bad deeds
D) The moral law that Hindus are to observe

Question

What is the last step in Buddhism's Eightfold Path?

A) Contemplation
B) Conduct
C) Awareness
D) Endeavor

Question

The symmetry of the ruins of Mohejo-daro pictured here is indicative of the possibility that this settlement was

A) started by a migratory people.
B) ruled by a power king or queen.
C) not typically in contact with outsiders.
D) well-planned.

Question

What qualified Bodhisattvas to help guide Buddhist believers to enlightenment?

A) They had already achieved enlightenment.
B) They were descendants of the Buddha himself.
C) They were once Brahmin priests before converting.
D) They could recite the most prayers from memory.

Question

Who commonly performed the important ritual sacrifice of animals in Brahmanism?

A) Untouchables
B) Teenagers, because they were considered pure
C) Male rulers only
D) The priestly caste

Question

Which of the following statements is true about women in ancient Aryan society?

A) Women could never remarry if widowed.
B) Almost all females were married while they were still children.
C) Women lived in patrilineal and patriarchal tribal groups.
D) Women were economically equal to men and could hold property.

Question

Mahavira was the founder of what Indian religion?

A) Jainism
B) Buddhism
C) Hinduism
D) Sikhism

Question

What Hindu text urges action in this world?

A) The Sutras
B) Rig Veda
C) Ramayana
D) Bhagavad Gita

Question

What are sutras in the Buddhist tradition?

A) The steps on the Eightfold Path
B) Animals sacrificed to the Buddha
C) The written teachings of the Buddha
D) Sacred names taken by monks

Question

To what does the term asceticism refer?

A) What Brahmans refer to as the individual soul
B) The practice of severe self-discipline and self-denial
C) The rejection of anthropomorphic gods
D) All of the Brahman faith's sacrificial rites

Question

According to the Upanishads, what is moksha?

A) Human reincarnation as a lower animal
B) A cleansing fire ritual for women after childbirth
C) Release from the wheel of life and freedom from reincarnation
D) The cosmic tally of one's deeds

Question

With what sacred text did the Aryan religion shift to a more ascetic and philosophical religion?

A) Rig Veda
B) Sutras
C) Upanishads
D) Mahabharata

Question

How do the personal stories and ideas of Mahavira and Siddhartha compare, and how did their experiences influence their respective religions?

Question

Which Persian emperor conquered the Indus Valley and Kashmir about 513 B.C.E.?

A) Xerxes
B) Darius
C) Cyrus
D) Cambyses

Question

During the Kushan period, Indian art was strongly influenced by the art of what society?

A) Egyptian
B) Greek
C) Chinese
D) Turkish

Question

After the fall of the Mauryans, what new empire emerged in the region that is now Afghanistan, Pakistan, and west India?

A) Taxila
B) Cholas
C) Kushan
D) Magadha

Question

Who was Kautilya?

A) India's greatest general
B) The founder of Jainism
C) Chandragupta's minister
D) An Aryan chieftain

Question

Who was Chandragupta?

A) The leader of Buddhist reform in India
B) The military leader who defeated Alexander the Great at Taxila
C) The founder of the Mauryan Empire
D) A famous Greek ambassador who was sent to the Mauryan court

Question

Describe the caste system's effect on the social and economic aspects of Indian life.

Question

What evidence indicates that the city-states of the Harappan civilization represent either a unified state or at least a connected culture?

Question

What Persian methods did Chandragupta use in building this empire?

Question

How did Hinduism incorporate personal devotion to the gods?

Question

What gave the Aryans military advantages over the people they defeated in India?

Question

Some of the materials used in the Harappan jewelry pictured here are indicative of the

A) style of jewelry likely worn throughout the Indus Valley as well as neighboring territories.
B) influence of ancient Chinese civilization.
C) materials in which the Harappan likely traded.
D) lack of skilled craftsmanship among the Harappan.

Question

What personal change did Ashoka make following the conquest of Kalinga?

A) He converted to Jainism and became an ascetic monk.
B) He divorced his wife and married a Kalingan princess.
C) He became a paranoid, reclusive emperor.
D) He converted to Buddhism after witnessing the horror of war.

Question

What role did Kautilya play in the formation of the Mauryan Empire?

Question

Describe some of the qualities of the Aryans gods of the Vedas.

Question

How did Buddhism influence Ashoka's rule?

A) He required all of his people to convert to the faith even though he was a Jainist.
B) He appointed officials to oversee the moral welfare of the realm.
C) He banned all other forms of religious thought.
D) He began a series of religious wars against non-Buddhists.

Question

How did Roman and Greek civilizations influence India?

Question

Ashoka's religious policies

A) were directed at the suppression of Jainism.
B) supported orthodoxy in Buddhism.
C) spurned all other religions except Buddhism.
D) weakened the central government of the empire.

Question

How did Ashoka incorporate Buddhism into his imperial administration?

Question

How did Chandragupta control the outlying areas of his empire?

A) He trusted local kings to continue on if they took a pledge of loyalty.
B) He sent agents to the provinces to oversee government and keep him informed.
C) He forced the migration of loyal supporters to distant realms.
D) He did not try to control the areas but instead collected taxes.

Question

Describe the essential teachings of Buddha. How did Buddhism modify Hinduism? How can we explain the appeal of Buddhism?

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
karma

A)Indian religion whose followers consider all life sacred and avoid destroying other life.
B)Buddhas-to-be who stayed in the world after enlightenment to help others on the path to salvation.
C)The eight-step code of conduct set forth by the Buddha in his first sermon, beginning with "right conduct" and ending with "right contemplation."
D)The first Indian empire founded by Chandragupta.
E)The transmigration of souls by a continual process of rebirth.
F)The codification of early Indian law that lays down family, caste, and commercial law.
G)The tally of good and bad deeds that determines the status of an individual's next life.
H)The dominant people in north India after the decline of the Indus Valley civilization; they spoke an early form of Sanskrit.
I)The unchanging ultimate reality, according to the Upanishads.
J)The first Indian civilization; also known as the Indus Valley civilization.
K)The earliest collection of Indian hymns, ritual texts, and philosophical treatises, it is the central source of information on early Aryans.
L)The Buddha's message that pain and suffering are inescapable parts of life; suffering and anxiety are caused by human desires and attachments; people can understand and triumph over these weaknesses; and the triumph is made possible by following a simple code of conduct.
M)The "Great Vehicle," a tradition of Buddhism that aspires to be more inclusive.
N)Priests of the Aryans; they supported the growth of royal power in return for royal confirmation of their own religious rights, power, and status.
O)The Sanskrit word for moral law, central to both Buddhist and Hindu teachings.
P)The Indian system of dividing society into hereditary groups whose members interacted primarily within the group, and especially married within the group.

Question

What are possible theories about the cause of the Harappan civilization's collapse?

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
Mauryan Empire

A)Indian religion whose followers consider all life sacred and avoid destroying other life.
B)Buddhas-to-be who stayed in the world after enlightenment to help others on the path to salvation.
C)The eight-step code of conduct set forth by the Buddha in his first sermon, beginning with "right conduct" and ending with "right contemplation."
D)The first Indian empire founded by Chandragupta.
E)The transmigration of souls by a continual process of rebirth.
F)The codification of early Indian law that lays down family, caste, and commercial law.
G)The tally of good and bad deeds that determines the status of an individual's next life.
H)The dominant people in north India after the decline of the Indus Valley civilization; they spoke an early form of Sanskrit.
I)The unchanging ultimate reality, according to the Upanishads.
J)The first Indian civilization; also known as the Indus Valley civilization.
K)The earliest collection of Indian hymns, ritual texts, and philosophical treatises, it is the central source of information on early Aryans.
L)The Buddha's message that pain and suffering are inescapable parts of life; suffering and anxiety are caused by human desires and attachments; people can understand and triumph over these weaknesses; and the triumph is made possible by following a simple code of conduct.
M)The "Great Vehicle," a tradition of Buddhism that aspires to be more inclusive.
N)Priests of the Aryans; they supported the growth of royal power in return for royal confirmation of their own religious rights, power, and status.
O)The Sanskrit word for moral law, central to both Buddhist and Hindu teachings.
P)The Indian system of dividing society into hereditary groups whose members interacted primarily within the group, and especially married within the group.

Question

Why might the Aryans have been able to assume authority in northern India?

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
Four Noble Truths

A)Indian religion whose followers consider all life sacred and avoid destroying other life.
B)Buddhas-to-be who stayed in the world after enlightenment to help others on the path to salvation.
C)The eight-step code of conduct set forth by the Buddha in his first sermon, beginning with "right conduct" and ending with "right contemplation."
D)The first Indian empire founded by Chandragupta.
E)The transmigration of souls by a continual process of rebirth.
F)The codification of early Indian law that lays down family, caste, and commercial law.
G)The tally of good and bad deeds that determines the status of an individual's next life.
H)The dominant people in north India after the decline of the Indus Valley civilization; they spoke an early form of Sanskrit.
I)The unchanging ultimate reality, according to the Upanishads.
J)The first Indian civilization; also known as the Indus Valley civilization.
K)The earliest collection of Indian hymns, ritual texts, and philosophical treatises, it is the central source of information on early Aryans.
L)The Buddha's message that pain and suffering are inescapable parts of life; suffering and anxiety are caused by human desires and attachments; people can understand and triumph over these weaknesses; and the triumph is made possible by following a simple code of conduct.
M)The "Great Vehicle," a tradition of Buddhism that aspires to be more inclusive.
N)Priests of the Aryans; they supported the growth of royal power in return for royal confirmation of their own religious rights, power, and status.
O)The Sanskrit word for moral law, central to both Buddhist and Hindu teachings.
P)The Indian system of dividing society into hereditary groups whose members interacted primarily within the group, and especially married within the group.

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
Harappan

A)Indian religion whose followers consider all life sacred and avoid destroying other life.
B)Buddhas-to-be who stayed in the world after enlightenment to help others on the path to salvation.
C)The eight-step code of conduct set forth by the Buddha in his first sermon, beginning with "right conduct" and ending with "right contemplation."
D)The first Indian empire founded by Chandragupta.
E)The transmigration of souls by a continual process of rebirth.
F)The codification of early Indian law that lays down family, caste, and commercial law.
G)The tally of good and bad deeds that determines the status of an individual's next life.
H)The dominant people in north India after the decline of the Indus Valley civilization; they spoke an early form of Sanskrit.
I)The unchanging ultimate reality, according to the Upanishads.
J)The first Indian civilization; also known as the Indus Valley civilization.
K)The earliest collection of Indian hymns, ritual texts, and philosophical treatises, it is the central source of information on early Aryans.
L)The Buddha's message that pain and suffering are inescapable parts of life; suffering and anxiety are caused by human desires and attachments; people can understand and triumph over these weaknesses; and the triumph is made possible by following a simple code of conduct.
M)The "Great Vehicle," a tradition of Buddhism that aspires to be more inclusive.
N)Priests of the Aryans; they supported the growth of royal power in return for royal confirmation of their own religious rights, power, and status.
O)The Sanskrit word for moral law, central to both Buddhist and Hindu teachings.
P)The Indian system of dividing society into hereditary groups whose members interacted primarily within the group, and especially married within the group.

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
samsara

A)Indian religion whose followers consider all life sacred and avoid destroying other life.
B)Buddhas-to-be who stayed in the world after enlightenment to help others on the path to salvation.
C)The eight-step code of conduct set forth by the Buddha in his first sermon, beginning with "right conduct" and ending with "right contemplation."
D)The first Indian empire founded by Chandragupta.
E)The transmigration of souls by a continual process of rebirth.
F)The codification of early Indian law that lays down family, caste, and commercial law.
G)The tally of good and bad deeds that determines the status of an individual's next life.
H)The dominant people in north India after the decline of the Indus Valley civilization; they spoke an early form of Sanskrit.
I)The unchanging ultimate reality, according to the Upanishads.
J)The first Indian civilization; also known as the Indus Valley civilization.
K)The earliest collection of Indian hymns, ritual texts, and philosophical treatises, it is the central source of information on early Aryans.
L)The Buddha's message that pain and suffering are inescapable parts of life; suffering and anxiety are caused by human desires and attachments; people can understand and triumph over these weaknesses; and the triumph is made possible by following a simple code of conduct.
M)The "Great Vehicle," a tradition of Buddhism that aspires to be more inclusive.
N)Priests of the Aryans; they supported the growth of royal power in return for royal confirmation of their own religious rights, power, and status.
O)The Sanskrit word for moral law, central to both Buddhist and Hindu teachings.
P)The Indian system of dividing society into hereditary groups whose members interacted primarily within the group, and especially married within the group.

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
Jainism

A)Indian religion whose followers consider all life sacred and avoid destroying other life.
B)Buddhas-to-be who stayed in the world after enlightenment to help others on the path to salvation.
C)The eight-step code of conduct set forth by the Buddha in his first sermon, beginning with "right conduct" and ending with "right contemplation."
D)The first Indian empire founded by Chandragupta.
E)The transmigration of souls by a continual process of rebirth.
F)The codification of early Indian law that lays down family, caste, and commercial law.
G)The tally of good and bad deeds that determines the status of an individual's next life.
H)The dominant people in north India after the decline of the Indus Valley civilization; they spoke an early form of Sanskrit.
I)The unchanging ultimate reality, according to the Upanishads.
J)The first Indian civilization; also known as the Indus Valley civilization.
K)The earliest collection of Indian hymns, ritual texts, and philosophical treatises, it is the central source of information on early Aryans.
L)The Buddha's message that pain and suffering are inescapable parts of life; suffering and anxiety are caused by human desires and attachments; people can understand and triumph over these weaknesses; and the triumph is made possible by following a simple code of conduct.
M)The "Great Vehicle," a tradition of Buddhism that aspires to be more inclusive.
N)Priests of the Aryans; they supported the growth of royal power in return for royal confirmation of their own religious rights, power, and status.
O)The Sanskrit word for moral law, central to both Buddhist and Hindu teachings.
P)The Indian system of dividing society into hereditary groups whose members interacted primarily within the group, and especially married within the group.

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
Code of Manu

A)Indian religion whose followers consider all life sacred and avoid destroying other life.
B)Buddhas-to-be who stayed in the world after enlightenment to help others on the path to salvation.
C)The eight-step code of conduct set forth by the Buddha in his first sermon, beginning with "right conduct" and ending with "right contemplation."
D)The first Indian empire founded by Chandragupta.
E)The transmigration of souls by a continual process of rebirth.
F)The codification of early Indian law that lays down family, caste, and commercial law.
G)The tally of good and bad deeds that determines the status of an individual's next life.
H)The dominant people in north India after the decline of the Indus Valley civilization; they spoke an early form of Sanskrit.
I)The unchanging ultimate reality, according to the Upanishads.
J)The first Indian civilization; also known as the Indus Valley civilization.
K)The earliest collection of Indian hymns, ritual texts, and philosophical treatises, it is the central source of information on early Aryans.
L)The Buddha's message that pain and suffering are inescapable parts of life; suffering and anxiety are caused by human desires and attachments; people can understand and triumph over these weaknesses; and the triumph is made possible by following a simple code of conduct.
M)The "Great Vehicle," a tradition of Buddhism that aspires to be more inclusive.
N)Priests of the Aryans; they supported the growth of royal power in return for royal confirmation of their own religious rights, power, and status.
O)The Sanskrit word for moral law, central to both Buddhist and Hindu teachings.
P)The Indian system of dividing society into hereditary groups whose members interacted primarily within the group, and especially married within the group.

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
Rig Veda

A)Indian religion whose followers consider all life sacred and avoid destroying other life.
B)Buddhas-to-be who stayed in the world after enlightenment to help others on the path to salvation.
C)The eight-step code of conduct set forth by the Buddha in his first sermon, beginning with "right conduct" and ending with "right contemplation."
D)The first Indian empire founded by Chandragupta.
E)The transmigration of souls by a continual process of rebirth.
F)The codification of early Indian law that lays down family, caste, and commercial law.
G)The tally of good and bad deeds that determines the status of an individual's next life.
H)The dominant people in north India after the decline of the Indus Valley civilization; they spoke an early form of Sanskrit.
I)The unchanging ultimate reality, according to the Upanishads.
J)The first Indian civilization; also known as the Indus Valley civilization.
K)The earliest collection of Indian hymns, ritual texts, and philosophical treatises, it is the central source of information on early Aryans.
L)The Buddha's message that pain and suffering are inescapable parts of life; suffering and anxiety are caused by human desires and attachments; people can understand and triumph over these weaknesses; and the triumph is made possible by following a simple code of conduct.
M)The "Great Vehicle," a tradition of Buddhism that aspires to be more inclusive.
N)Priests of the Aryans; they supported the growth of royal power in return for royal confirmation of their own religious rights, power, and status.
O)The Sanskrit word for moral law, central to both Buddhist and Hindu teachings.
P)The Indian system of dividing society into hereditary groups whose members interacted primarily within the group, and especially married within the group.

Question

India was both protected from invasions and yet open to trade with other civilizations. Which geographical features provided protection from invasions, and which fostered trade with other civilizations?

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
Aryans

A)Indian religion whose followers consider all life sacred and avoid destroying other life.
B)Buddhas-to-be who stayed in the world after enlightenment to help others on the path to salvation.
C)The eight-step code of conduct set forth by the Buddha in his first sermon, beginning with "right conduct" and ending with "right contemplation."
D)The first Indian empire founded by Chandragupta.
E)The transmigration of souls by a continual process of rebirth.
F)The codification of early Indian law that lays down family, caste, and commercial law.
G)The tally of good and bad deeds that determines the status of an individual's next life.
H)The dominant people in north India after the decline of the Indus Valley civilization; they spoke an early form of Sanskrit.
I)The unchanging ultimate reality, according to the Upanishads.
J)The first Indian civilization; also known as the Indus Valley civilization.
K)The earliest collection of Indian hymns, ritual texts, and philosophical treatises, it is the central source of information on early Aryans.
L)The Buddha's message that pain and suffering are inescapable parts of life; suffering and anxiety are caused by human desires and attachments; people can understand and triumph over these weaknesses; and the triumph is made possible by following a simple code of conduct.
M)The "Great Vehicle," a tradition of Buddhism that aspires to be more inclusive.
N)Priests of the Aryans; they supported the growth of royal power in return for royal confirmation of their own religious rights, power, and status.
O)The Sanskrit word for moral law, central to both Buddhist and Hindu teachings.
P)The Indian system of dividing society into hereditary groups whose members interacted primarily within the group, and especially married within the group.

Question

In what ways did Indian civilizations interact with those outside India? What impact did contact with other civilizations have on the development of Indian civilization?

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
dharma

A)Indian religion whose followers consider all life sacred and avoid destroying other life.
B)Buddhas-to-be who stayed in the world after enlightenment to help others on the path to salvation.
C)The eight-step code of conduct set forth by the Buddha in his first sermon, beginning with "right conduct" and ending with "right contemplation."
D)The first Indian empire founded by Chandragupta.
E)The transmigration of souls by a continual process of rebirth.
F)The codification of early Indian law that lays down family, caste, and commercial law.
G)The tally of good and bad deeds that determines the status of an individual's next life.
H)The dominant people in north India after the decline of the Indus Valley civilization; they spoke an early form of Sanskrit.
I)The unchanging ultimate reality, according to the Upanishads.
J)The first Indian civilization; also known as the Indus Valley civilization.
K)The earliest collection of Indian hymns, ritual texts, and philosophical treatises, it is the central source of information on early Aryans.
L)The Buddha's message that pain and suffering are inescapable parts of life; suffering and anxiety are caused by human desires and attachments; people can understand and triumph over these weaknesses; and the triumph is made possible by following a simple code of conduct.
M)The "Great Vehicle," a tradition of Buddhism that aspires to be more inclusive.
N)Priests of the Aryans; they supported the growth of royal power in return for royal confirmation of their own religious rights, power, and status.
O)The Sanskrit word for moral law, central to both Buddhist and Hindu teachings.
P)The Indian system of dividing society into hereditary groups whose members interacted primarily within the group, and especially married within the group.

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
brahmins

A)Indian religion whose followers consider all life sacred and avoid destroying other life.
B)Buddhas-to-be who stayed in the world after enlightenment to help others on the path to salvation.
C)The eight-step code of conduct set forth by the Buddha in his first sermon, beginning with "right conduct" and ending with "right contemplation."
D)The first Indian empire founded by Chandragupta.
E)The transmigration of souls by a continual process of rebirth.
F)The codification of early Indian law that lays down family, caste, and commercial law.
G)The tally of good and bad deeds that determines the status of an individual's next life.
H)The dominant people in north India after the decline of the Indus Valley civilization; they spoke an early form of Sanskrit.
I)The unchanging ultimate reality, according to the Upanishads.
J)The first Indian civilization; also known as the Indus Valley civilization.
K)The earliest collection of Indian hymns, ritual texts, and philosophical treatises, it is the central source of information on early Aryans.
L)The Buddha's message that pain and suffering are inescapable parts of life; suffering and anxiety are caused by human desires and attachments; people can understand and triumph over these weaknesses; and the triumph is made possible by following a simple code of conduct.
M)The "Great Vehicle," a tradition of Buddhism that aspires to be more inclusive.
N)Priests of the Aryans; they supported the growth of royal power in return for royal confirmation of their own religious rights, power, and status.
O)The Sanskrit word for moral law, central to both Buddhist and Hindu teachings.
P)The Indian system of dividing society into hereditary groups whose members interacted primarily within the group, and especially married within the group.

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
Mahayana

A)Indian religion whose followers consider all life sacred and avoid destroying other life.
B)Buddhas-to-be who stayed in the world after enlightenment to help others on the path to salvation.
C)The eight-step code of conduct set forth by the Buddha in his first sermon, beginning with "right conduct" and ending with "right contemplation."
D)The first Indian empire founded by Chandragupta.
E)The transmigration of souls by a continual process of rebirth.
F)The codification of early Indian law that lays down family, caste, and commercial law.
G)The tally of good and bad deeds that determines the status of an individual's next life.
H)The dominant people in north India after the decline of the Indus Valley civilization; they spoke an early form of Sanskrit.
I)The unchanging ultimate reality, according to the Upanishads.
J)The first Indian civilization; also known as the Indus Valley civilization.
K)The earliest collection of Indian hymns, ritual texts, and philosophical treatises, it is the central source of information on early Aryans.
L)The Buddha's message that pain and suffering are inescapable parts of life; suffering and anxiety are caused by human desires and attachments; people can understand and triumph over these weaknesses; and the triumph is made possible by following a simple code of conduct.
M)The "Great Vehicle," a tradition of Buddhism that aspires to be more inclusive.
N)Priests of the Aryans; they supported the growth of royal power in return for royal confirmation of their own religious rights, power, and status.
O)The Sanskrit word for moral law, central to both Buddhist and Hindu teachings.
P)The Indian system of dividing society into hereditary groups whose members interacted primarily within the group, and especially married within the group.

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
caste system

A)Indian religion whose followers consider all life sacred and avoid destroying other life.
B)Buddhas-to-be who stayed in the world after enlightenment to help others on the path to salvation.
C)The eight-step code of conduct set forth by the Buddha in his first sermon, beginning with "right conduct" and ending with "right contemplation."
D)The first Indian empire founded by Chandragupta.
E)The transmigration of souls by a continual process of rebirth.
F)The codification of early Indian law that lays down family, caste, and commercial law.
G)The tally of good and bad deeds that determines the status of an individual's next life.
H)The dominant people in north India after the decline of the Indus Valley civilization; they spoke an early form of Sanskrit.
I)The unchanging ultimate reality, according to the Upanishads.
J)The first Indian civilization; also known as the Indus Valley civilization.
K)The earliest collection of Indian hymns, ritual texts, and philosophical treatises, it is the central source of information on early Aryans.
L)The Buddha's message that pain and suffering are inescapable parts of life; suffering and anxiety are caused by human desires and attachments; people can understand and triumph over these weaknesses; and the triumph is made possible by following a simple code of conduct.
M)The "Great Vehicle," a tradition of Buddhism that aspires to be more inclusive.
N)Priests of the Aryans; they supported the growth of royal power in return for royal confirmation of their own religious rights, power, and status.
O)The Sanskrit word for moral law, central to both Buddhist and Hindu teachings.
P)The Indian system of dividing society into hereditary groups whose members interacted primarily within the group, and especially married within the group.

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
bodhisattvas

A)Indian religion whose followers consider all life sacred and avoid destroying other life.
B)Buddhas-to-be who stayed in the world after enlightenment to help others on the path to salvation.
C)The eight-step code of conduct set forth by the Buddha in his first sermon, beginning with "right conduct" and ending with "right contemplation."
D)The first Indian empire founded by Chandragupta.
E)The transmigration of souls by a continual process of rebirth.
F)The codification of early Indian law that lays down family, caste, and commercial law.
G)The tally of good and bad deeds that determines the status of an individual's next life.
H)The dominant people in north India after the decline of the Indus Valley civilization; they spoke an early form of Sanskrit.
I)The unchanging ultimate reality, according to the Upanishads.
J)The first Indian civilization; also known as the Indus Valley civilization.
K)The earliest collection of Indian hymns, ritual texts, and philosophical treatises, it is the central source of information on early Aryans.
L)The Buddha's message that pain and suffering are inescapable parts of life; suffering and anxiety are caused by human desires and attachments; people can understand and triumph over these weaknesses; and the triumph is made possible by following a simple code of conduct.
M)The "Great Vehicle," a tradition of Buddhism that aspires to be more inclusive.
N)Priests of the Aryans; they supported the growth of royal power in return for royal confirmation of their own religious rights, power, and status.
O)The Sanskrit word for moral law, central to both Buddhist and Hindu teachings.
P)The Indian system of dividing society into hereditary groups whose members interacted primarily within the group, and especially married within the group.

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
brahman

A)Indian religion whose followers consider all life sacred and avoid destroying other life.
B)Buddhas-to-be who stayed in the world after enlightenment to help others on the path to salvation.
C)The eight-step code of conduct set forth by the Buddha in his first sermon, beginning with "right conduct" and ending with "right contemplation."
D)The first Indian empire founded by Chandragupta.
E)The transmigration of souls by a continual process of rebirth.
F)The codification of early Indian law that lays down family, caste, and commercial law.
G)The tally of good and bad deeds that determines the status of an individual's next life.
H)The dominant people in north India after the decline of the Indus Valley civilization; they spoke an early form of Sanskrit.
I)The unchanging ultimate reality, according to the Upanishads.
J)The first Indian civilization; also known as the Indus Valley civilization.
K)The earliest collection of Indian hymns, ritual texts, and philosophical treatises, it is the central source of information on early Aryans.
L)The Buddha's message that pain and suffering are inescapable parts of life; suffering and anxiety are caused by human desires and attachments; people can understand and triumph over these weaknesses; and the triumph is made possible by following a simple code of conduct.
M)The "Great Vehicle," a tradition of Buddhism that aspires to be more inclusive.
N)Priests of the Aryans; they supported the growth of royal power in return for royal confirmation of their own religious rights, power, and status.
O)The Sanskrit word for moral law, central to both Buddhist and Hindu teachings.
P)The Indian system of dividing society into hereditary groups whose members interacted primarily within the group, and especially married within the group.

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Deck 3: The Foundation of Indian Society, to 300 Ce