Deck 17: The Islamic World Powers, 1300-1800

Question 1

Where was the center of Timur's empire?

A) Samarkand
B) Baghdad
C) Kabul
D) Isfahan

Answer 1

Samarkand

Question 2

How did Mehmet repopulate Istanbul?

A) By forcing Byzantines from other cities to move there or become slaves
B) By granting tax remissions and free houses to people willing to move there
C) By encouraging migrations by offering jobs in the government
D) By offering bonuses to Turkish families with multiple children

Answer 2

By granting tax remissions and free houses to people willing to move there

Question 3

After the death of Timur, his empire was held together by which of the following?

A) Financial gain
B) Islamic faith
C) The Mongol language
D) Timur's dynasty

Answer 3

Islamic faith

Question 4

Suleiman and Francis I of France formed an alliance to prevent the expansion in Europe of what ruling family?

A) The Stuarts
B) The Habsburgs
C) The Romanovs
D) The Mongols

Question 5

Who were the janissaries?

A) Muslim scholars in Turkey
B) Elite Ottoman slave soldiers
C) Children born to royal slave concubines
D) The Ottoman bureaucratic corps

Question 6

Which of the following was a distinctive feature of the Ottoman sultans from about 1500 onward?

A) They were allowed unlimited wives.
B) Most did not appoint their sons as heirs.
C) They were all elected from the janissaries.
D) They did not marry and only perpetuated the ruling line through concubines.

Question 7

What was unusual about the Ottoman ruling class?

A) They were required to be descendants of Turkish families from Anatolia.
B) They were required to perform lifelong military service to the sultan.
C) They did not own their own land.
D) They passed on their wealth through a system of hereditary rights.

Question 8

What was the Ottoman devshirme?

A) A system for the enslavement of Christian youths
B) The various levels within the imperial bureaucracy
C) The Ottoman model of a theocratic state
D) A legal code that rectified Islamic and secular law

Question 9

What does the term shah mean?

A) King
B) Leader
C) Divine one
D) High priest

Question 10

What was the religious basis of the Safavid Dynasty?

A) Sunni Islam
B) Shi'ite Islam
C) Hinduism
D) Orthodox Christianity

Question 11

How did the Safavid shahs gain the loyalty of the Qizilbash?

A) The shahs gave them vast grazing lands, often on the frontier.
B) The shahs alone controlled tax revenue.
C) The shahs were their relatives.
D) The shahs owned them as slaves.

Question 12

According to Map 17.4, "The Muslim World, ca. 1700," which of the following empires were once a part of Timur's empire?

A) Ottoman and Safavid
B) Mughal and Russian
C) Holy Roman and Ottoman
D) Safavid and Russian

Question 13

As illustrated in Map 17.4,"The Muslim World, ca. 1700," Armenian traders traversed a path through the Russian Empire similar to that used by which of the following?

A) The Magyars
B) The Vikings
C) The Huns
D) The Muslims

Question 14

What important group did Selim bring under Ottoman control?

A) Most Arab people
B) All of Europe's Orthodox Christians
C) All of the former Mongol territory
D) All Silk Road merchants

Question 15

Where did the Turks originate?

A) Anatolia
B) Mongolia
C) Persia
D) Siberia

Question 16

In 1453, the Ottomans conquered what capital city?

A) Kavala
B) Thrace
C) Constantinople
D) Achi Baba

Question 17

Which leader extended Ottoman dominion to its widest geographical extent?

A) Suleiman
B) Osman
C) Mehmet
D) Selim

Question 18

What was Lütfi Paşa's contribution to Ottoman society?

A) He reconciled Sunni and Shi'a beliefs.
B) He introduced gunpowder weapons.
C) He authored an Ottoman national epic.
D) He created a reformed law code.

Question 19

What did being an imperial slave in the Ottoman Empire mean for those individuals?

A) They always had a feeling of uncertainty about their social status.
B) They were never allowed to marry or have children.
C) They possessed great social prestige, as well as the chance to acquire power and wealth.
D) They were given the privilege of practicing Christianity at court.

Question 20

In the Balkans, the Ottomans saw themselves as protectors of which of the following?

A) The Orthodox Church and Orthodox Christians
B) The Holy Roman Empire
C) Serbian culture
D) Bosnian monasteries

Question 21

How did Aurangzeb anger many of his subjects?

A) He failed to conquer Bengal.
B) His Islamic zealotry troubled his non-Muslim subjects.
C) He insisted on speaking Persian all the time.
D) He spent vast sums of money on concubines.

Question 22

The Sikh movement, which began in the sixteenth century, was influenced by what other religious movement?

A) Sufi Islam
B) Shi'a fanaticism
C) Coptic Christianity
D) Kabbalah mysticism

Question 23

Where did Shah Jahan found a new Indian capital city in 1639?

A) Fatehpur Sikri
B) Delhi
C) Calcutta
D) Agra

Question 24

Where was the Sikh movement most successful?

A) Afghanistan
B) Anatolia
C) Sri Lanka
D) Northwest India

Question 25

What inspired Akbar to build the city of Fatehpur Sikri?

A) His victory at Bengal
B) The birth of his son Jahangir
C) His marriage to a Hindu
D) His competition with Suleiman's building projects

Question 26

Which of the following was an important feature of the governing of the Mughal Empire under Akbar?

A) Akbar relied exclusively on the military for control.
B) All business was conducted in Turkish as the state language.
C) Akbar discouraged religious or ethnic factions at court.
D) Slaves filled most administrative positions.

Question 27

What was an important feature of Akbar's religious policy?

A) It featured an acceptance of various religious beliefs.
B) It was strongly anti-Semitic.
C) It provided for a prominent role for Buddhists in the state.
D) It called for the forced conversion of Hindus to Shi'ite Islam.

Question 28

The Book of the Sea was a collection of what?

A) Poems
B) Maps
C) Military treatises
D) Laws

Question 29

Based on the evidence in Map 17.3, "India, 1707-1805," what did the British East India Company share in common with others who traded in spices, slaves, precious metals, and material goods?

A) They dominated overland trade routes into northern India.
B) They maintained a strong alliance with Muslims at key strategic points.
C) They all managed to avoid major armed conflict.
D) They all relied heavily upon the strength of their maritime fleets.

Question 30

In 1454, European rabbi Isaac Sarfati encouraged Jews to migrate to what state, because of its official policy of toleration?

A) The Holy Roman Empire
B) The Ottoman Empire
C) The Byzantine Empire
D) Mughal India

Question 31

To where have Arabs traced the first use of coffee?

A) To coffee houses in Istanbul
B) To Sufi religious rituals in Yemen
C) To Yemeni plantations to increase the productivity of African slaves
D) To pilgrims who drank it on their journey to Mecca

Question 32

Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal as a monument to whom?

A) His new son Jahangir
B) Himself and his rule
C) His favorite wife, who died in childbirth
D) His faith and Muhammad

Question 33

Why were women and children often employed in the manufacture of Persian rugs?

A) Shari'a law banned adult men from such demeaning work.
B) The smaller hands of women and children were better at tying tiny knots.
C) They were thought to have a superior aesthetic sense.
D) Most men were conscripted into the Abbasid military.

Question 34

What practice did Shah Abbas of the Safavids adopt from the Ottomans?

A) He promoted Shi'ism and persecuted the Sunni ulama.
B) He refused marriage and had only slave concubines.
C) He built an army of slaves.
D) He allowed nobles to own their land.

Question 35

Which of these did Akbar use to help govern his vast empire?

A) A system of imperial governors called satraps
B) A representative legislature
C) Four co-equal ministers
D) A rotating set of advisers selected by lottery

Question 36

According to Map 17.1, "The Ottoman Empire at Its Height, 1566," the far eastern portion of the Ottoman Empire occupied territory that was once part of which ancient civilization?

A) Egypt
B) Mauryan
C) Mesopotamia
D) Etruscan

Question 37

What did Aurangzeb do in his attempts to enforce a more Islamic culture?

A) He outlawed Hinduism and Buddhism.
B) He gave a bonus to anyone who converted to Islam.
C) He converted the Taj Mahal into a mosque.
D) He forbade sati and abolished all taxes not authorized by Islamic law.

Question 38

The interactions between the subjects of this illustration reflect which of the following?

A) The belief that coffeehouses encouraged male sociability
B) The belief that coffee was intoxicating
C) The belief that coffee drinking could lead to sedition
D) The belief that coffee drinking fostered greater concentration on God

Question 39

Which was the largest and wealthiest of the three Islamic empires of the early modern world?

A) Ottoman Empire
B) Mughal Empire
C) Safavid Empire
D) Persian Empire

Question 40

What happened to the Mughal ruler Humayun after he lost most of the Mughal territory in Afghanistan?

A) He was exiled to Persia.
B) He was captured by the Safavid army.
C) He hid in caves in northern India until his army prevailed.
D) He immediately went to Afghanistan to reclaim it and was killed in battle.

Question 41

What were the causes of the wars between the Ottomans and Safavids in the sixteenth century?

Question 42

In 1739, the Mughal army was defeated in battle by Nadir Shah, who was from where?

A) The Ottoman Empire
B) Afghanistan
C) Marathas
D) Persia

Question 43

Akbar's reign has been characterized as the "Golden Age of India." Why? Why did the Mughal Empire ultimately collapse?

Question 44

Explain the significance, both short and long term, of the code of laws created under Suleiman I.

Question 45

How did the Ottomans view the coffeehouses that became popular in the sixteenth century?

Question 46

What did Shah Abbas force the merchant community of Julfa to do after he conquered Armenia?

A) Become Muslims
B) Move to Isfahan
C) Sell silk only to him
D) Trade cotton as well

Question 47

How was the British East India Company able to enter the Indian spice trade?

A) It achieved a naval victory over the Portuguese.
B) It built an alliance with the Dutch East India Company.
C) It established a fort at Bombay that overran the country.
D) It received a grant from Emperor Jahangir.

Question 48

How extensive was the Indian cloth trade in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries? Who profited from the trade and how?

Question 49

How did Armenian merchants build and maintain their trade networks?

Question 50

Why was Akbar more tolerant of other religions than other Islamic leaders? How did he express his tolerance?

Question 51

What was India's chief export to Europe?

A) Rice
B) Silver jewelry
C) Wheat
D) Cotton cloth

Question 52

After the reign of Suleiman, the Ottoman inheritance system changed so that the sons of the sultan were

A) sent to the provinces for training.
B) fostered in the Mughal court.
C) educated in madrasas in Mecca.
D) raised in the harems.

Question 53

The Treaty of Paris in 1763 gave control of India to whom?

A) The French
B) The Mughals
C) The Portuguese
D) The British

Question 54

Describe, in general terms, the expansion of the Ottoman Empire up to 1683. In what ways did this expansion transform the Ottoman state into a world power?

Question 55

Who controlled the spice trade in the Indian Ocean throughout the sixteenth century?

A) Portugal
B) The Ottoman Empire
C) The Mughal Empire
D) China

Question 56

Discuss the symbolic importance of gardens in Islamic art, architecture, and literature.

Question 57

What was the actual purpose of the Dutch East India Company?

A) To colonize the Indian subcontinent
B) To take over the spice trade from Portugal
C) To convert the Indians to Christianity
D) To open the Indian market to Dutch exports such as wine and oil

Question 58

How did Hastings, Cornwallis, and Wellesley extend British rule in India?

Question 59

What was the main reason for the fall of the Safavid Empire?

A) Insufficient trade with foreigners
B) A lack of religious unity
C) A weak military
D) The aggressive Mughals

Question 60

For the British East India Company, who were the sepoys?

A) British sailors
B) Armenian merchants
C) Native Indian troops
D) Sufi mystics

Question 61

The text refers to Ottoman Turkey, Safavid Persia, and Mughal India as world powers. How accurate is this assertion?

Question 62

Use the following to answer questions :
Qizilbash

A)Ruling house of the Turkish empire that lasted from 1299 to 1922.
B)An Arabic word originally used by the Ottomans to describe a supreme political and military ruler.
C)Chief assistants to caliphs.
D)A process whereby the sultan's agents swept the provinces for Christian youths to be trained as soldiers or civil servants.
E)Turkish for "recruits"; they formed the elite army corps.
F)A woman who is a recognized spouse but of lower status than a wife.
G)Persian word for "king."
H)The dynasty that ruled all of Persia and other regions from 1501 to 1722; its state religion was Shi'ism.
I)Nomadic Turkish Sufis who supplied the early Safavid state with military troops in exchange for grazing rights.
J)Religious scholars who interpret the Qur'an and the Sunna, the deeds and sayings of Muhammad.
K)A term used to refer to the Muslim empire of India, which was the largest, wealthiest, and most populous of the Islamic empires of the early modern world.
L)The native Indian troops who were trained as infantrymen.

Question 63

Use the following to answer questions :
devshirme

A)Ruling house of the Turkish empire that lasted from 1299 to 1922.
B)An Arabic word originally used by the Ottomans to describe a supreme political and military ruler.
C)Chief assistants to caliphs.
D)A process whereby the sultan's agents swept the provinces for Christian youths to be trained as soldiers or civil servants.
E)Turkish for "recruits"; they formed the elite army corps.
F)A woman who is a recognized spouse but of lower status than a wife.
G)Persian word for "king."
H)The dynasty that ruled all of Persia and other regions from 1501 to 1722; its state religion was Shi'ism.
I)Nomadic Turkish Sufis who supplied the early Safavid state with military troops in exchange for grazing rights.
J)Religious scholars who interpret the Qur'an and the Sunna, the deeds and sayings of Muhammad.
K)A term used to refer to the Muslim empire of India, which was the largest, wealthiest, and most populous of the Islamic empires of the early modern world.
L)The native Indian troops who were trained as infantrymen.

Question 64

Use the following to answer questions :
viziers

A)Ruling house of the Turkish empire that lasted from 1299 to 1922.
B)An Arabic word originally used by the Ottomans to describe a supreme political and military ruler.
C)Chief assistants to caliphs.
D)A process whereby the sultan's agents swept the provinces for Christian youths to be trained as soldiers or civil servants.
E)Turkish for "recruits"; they formed the elite army corps.
F)A woman who is a recognized spouse but of lower status than a wife.
G)Persian word for "king."
H)The dynasty that ruled all of Persia and other regions from 1501 to 1722; its state religion was Shi'ism.
I)Nomadic Turkish Sufis who supplied the early Safavid state with military troops in exchange for grazing rights.
J)Religious scholars who interpret the Qur'an and the Sunna, the deeds and sayings of Muhammad.
K)A term used to refer to the Muslim empire of India, which was the largest, wealthiest, and most populous of the Islamic empires of the early modern world.
L)The native Indian troops who were trained as infantrymen.

Question 65

Use the following to answer questions :
sultan

A)Ruling house of the Turkish empire that lasted from 1299 to 1922.
B)An Arabic word originally used by the Ottomans to describe a supreme political and military ruler.
C)Chief assistants to caliphs.
D)A process whereby the sultan's agents swept the provinces for Christian youths to be trained as soldiers or civil servants.
E)Turkish for "recruits"; they formed the elite army corps.
F)A woman who is a recognized spouse but of lower status than a wife.
G)Persian word for "king."
H)The dynasty that ruled all of Persia and other regions from 1501 to 1722; its state religion was Shi'ism.
I)Nomadic Turkish Sufis who supplied the early Safavid state with military troops in exchange for grazing rights.
J)Religious scholars who interpret the Qur'an and the Sunna, the deeds and sayings of Muhammad.
K)A term used to refer to the Muslim empire of India, which was the largest, wealthiest, and most populous of the Islamic empires of the early modern world.
L)The native Indian troops who were trained as infantrymen.

Question 66

Use the following to answer questions :
Ottomans

A)Ruling house of the Turkish empire that lasted from 1299 to 1922.
B)An Arabic word originally used by the Ottomans to describe a supreme political and military ruler.
C)Chief assistants to caliphs.
D)A process whereby the sultan's agents swept the provinces for Christian youths to be trained as soldiers or civil servants.
E)Turkish for "recruits"; they formed the elite army corps.
F)A woman who is a recognized spouse but of lower status than a wife.
G)Persian word for "king."
H)The dynasty that ruled all of Persia and other regions from 1501 to 1722; its state religion was Shi'ism.
I)Nomadic Turkish Sufis who supplied the early Safavid state with military troops in exchange for grazing rights.
J)Religious scholars who interpret the Qur'an and the Sunna, the deeds and sayings of Muhammad.
K)A term used to refer to the Muslim empire of India, which was the largest, wealthiest, and most populous of the Islamic empires of the early modern world.
L)The native Indian troops who were trained as infantrymen.

Question 67

Use the following to answer questions :
concubine

A)Ruling house of the Turkish empire that lasted from 1299 to 1922.
B)An Arabic word originally used by the Ottomans to describe a supreme political and military ruler.
C)Chief assistants to caliphs.
D)A process whereby the sultan's agents swept the provinces for Christian youths to be trained as soldiers or civil servants.
E)Turkish for "recruits"; they formed the elite army corps.
F)A woman who is a recognized spouse but of lower status than a wife.
G)Persian word for "king."
H)The dynasty that ruled all of Persia and other regions from 1501 to 1722; its state religion was Shi'ism.
I)Nomadic Turkish Sufis who supplied the early Safavid state with military troops in exchange for grazing rights.
J)Religious scholars who interpret the Qur'an and the Sunna, the deeds and sayings of Muhammad.
K)A term used to refer to the Muslim empire of India, which was the largest, wealthiest, and most populous of the Islamic empires of the early modern world.
L)The native Indian troops who were trained as infantrymen.

Question 68

Use the following to answer questions :
ulama

A)Ruling house of the Turkish empire that lasted from 1299 to 1922.
B)An Arabic word originally used by the Ottomans to describe a supreme political and military ruler.
C)Chief assistants to caliphs.
D)A process whereby the sultan's agents swept the provinces for Christian youths to be trained as soldiers or civil servants.
E)Turkish for "recruits"; they formed the elite army corps.
F)A woman who is a recognized spouse but of lower status than a wife.
G)Persian word for "king."
H)The dynasty that ruled all of Persia and other regions from 1501 to 1722; its state religion was Shi'ism.
I)Nomadic Turkish Sufis who supplied the early Safavid state with military troops in exchange for grazing rights.
J)Religious scholars who interpret the Qur'an and the Sunna, the deeds and sayings of Muhammad.
K)A term used to refer to the Muslim empire of India, which was the largest, wealthiest, and most populous of the Islamic empires of the early modern world.
L)The native Indian troops who were trained as infantrymen.

Question 69

How did Suleiman, Abbas, and Akbar use monumental buildings to establish and display the wealth and power of their empires?

Question 70

Use the following to answer questions :
sepoys

A)Ruling house of the Turkish empire that lasted from 1299 to 1922.
B)An Arabic word originally used by the Ottomans to describe a supreme political and military ruler.
C)Chief assistants to caliphs.
D)A process whereby the sultan's agents swept the provinces for Christian youths to be trained as soldiers or civil servants.
E)Turkish for "recruits"; they formed the elite army corps.
F)A woman who is a recognized spouse but of lower status than a wife.
G)Persian word for "king."
H)The dynasty that ruled all of Persia and other regions from 1501 to 1722; its state religion was Shi'ism.
I)Nomadic Turkish Sufis who supplied the early Safavid state with military troops in exchange for grazing rights.
J)Religious scholars who interpret the Qur'an and the Sunna, the deeds and sayings of Muhammad.
K)A term used to refer to the Muslim empire of India, which was the largest, wealthiest, and most populous of the Islamic empires of the early modern world.
L)The native Indian troops who were trained as infantrymen.

Question 71

Use the following to answer questions :
Mughal

A)Ruling house of the Turkish empire that lasted from 1299 to 1922.
B)An Arabic word originally used by the Ottomans to describe a supreme political and military ruler.
C)Chief assistants to caliphs.
D)A process whereby the sultan's agents swept the provinces for Christian youths to be trained as soldiers or civil servants.
E)Turkish for "recruits"; they formed the elite army corps.
F)A woman who is a recognized spouse but of lower status than a wife.
G)Persian word for "king."
H)The dynasty that ruled all of Persia and other regions from 1501 to 1722; its state religion was Shi'ism.
I)Nomadic Turkish Sufis who supplied the early Safavid state with military troops in exchange for grazing rights.
J)Religious scholars who interpret the Qur'an and the Sunna, the deeds and sayings of Muhammad.
K)A term used to refer to the Muslim empire of India, which was the largest, wealthiest, and most populous of the Islamic empires of the early modern world.
L)The native Indian troops who were trained as infantrymen.

Question 72

Compare the careers and accomplishments of Sultan Suleiman I of the Ottoman Empire and Shah Akbar of the Mughal Empire. Which ruler seems to have been more successful?

Question 73

Use the following to answer questions :
shah

A)Ruling house of the Turkish empire that lasted from 1299 to 1922.
B)An Arabic word originally used by the Ottomans to describe a supreme political and military ruler.
C)Chief assistants to caliphs.
D)A process whereby the sultan's agents swept the provinces for Christian youths to be trained as soldiers or civil servants.
E)Turkish for "recruits"; they formed the elite army corps.
F)A woman who is a recognized spouse but of lower status than a wife.
G)Persian word for "king."
H)The dynasty that ruled all of Persia and other regions from 1501 to 1722; its state religion was Shi'ism.
I)Nomadic Turkish Sufis who supplied the early Safavid state with military troops in exchange for grazing rights.
J)Religious scholars who interpret the Qur'an and the Sunna, the deeds and sayings of Muhammad.
K)A term used to refer to the Muslim empire of India, which was the largest, wealthiest, and most populous of the Islamic empires of the early modern world.
L)The native Indian troops who were trained as infantrymen.

Question 74

What were the common weaknesses in the three Islamic empires that contributed to their demise?

Question 75

Describe the European takeover of India. What were causative factors in this process? To what extent can we argue that the Europeans were acting imperialistically?

Question 76

Use the following to answer questions :
janissaries

A)Ruling house of the Turkish empire that lasted from 1299 to 1922.
B)An Arabic word originally used by the Ottomans to describe a supreme political and military ruler.
C)Chief assistants to caliphs.
D)A process whereby the sultan's agents swept the provinces for Christian youths to be trained as soldiers or civil servants.
E)Turkish for "recruits"; they formed the elite army corps.
F)A woman who is a recognized spouse but of lower status than a wife.
G)Persian word for "king."
H)The dynasty that ruled all of Persia and other regions from 1501 to 1722; its state religion was Shi'ism.
I)Nomadic Turkish Sufis who supplied the early Safavid state with military troops in exchange for grazing rights.
J)Religious scholars who interpret the Qur'an and the Sunna, the deeds and sayings of Muhammad.
K)A term used to refer to the Muslim empire of India, which was the largest, wealthiest, and most populous of the Islamic empires of the early modern world.
L)The native Indian troops who were trained as infantrymen.

Question 77

Use the following to answer questions :
Safavid

A)Ruling house of the Turkish empire that lasted from 1299 to 1922.
B)An Arabic word originally used by the Ottomans to describe a supreme political and military ruler.
C)Chief assistants to caliphs.
D)A process whereby the sultan's agents swept the provinces for Christian youths to be trained as soldiers or civil servants.
E)Turkish for "recruits"; they formed the elite army corps.
F)A woman who is a recognized spouse but of lower status than a wife.
G)Persian word for "king."
H)The dynasty that ruled all of Persia and other regions from 1501 to 1722; its state religion was Shi'ism.
I)Nomadic Turkish Sufis who supplied the early Safavid state with military troops in exchange for grazing rights.
J)Religious scholars who interpret the Qur'an and the Sunna, the deeds and sayings of Muhammad.
K)A term used to refer to the Muslim empire of India, which was the largest, wealthiest, and most populous of the Islamic empires of the early modern world.
L)The native Indian troops who were trained as infantrymen.