Deck 7: Innovation and Change

Question 1

The General Electric workout is a special kind of:

A) activity-oriented change
B) results-driven change
C) generational change
D) vision-driven change
E) resources-driven change

Answer 1

B

Question 2

is the knowledge, tools, and techniques used to transform inputs into outputs.

A) Resource manipulation
B) Procedural innovation
C) A transformation system
D) Technology
E) Creativity

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Resistance to change results from organizational factors, such as the absence of promotion guidelines, bonuses, and praise.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Resistance to change results from organizational factors, such as the absence of promotion guidelines, bonuses, and praise.

Question 5

Which of the following is one of the three steps in the basic process of managing organizational change outlined by Kurt Lewin?

A) unfreezing
B) organizational dialogue
C) change definition
D) incremental change
E) change mentoring

Question 6

Which of the following approaches is aimed at changing large systems, small groups, or individuals?

A) General Electric workout
B) the functional approach to change
C) organizational development
D) results-driven change
E) Lewin's change synthesis

Question 7

Organizational innovation is defined as doing things differently in an organization.

Question 8

Patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage are called:

A) innovation maps
B) organization development
C) results-driven change
D) innovation streams
E) cyclical inventions

Question 9

_{3. A technology begins with the "birth" of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its}
Limits and "dies" as it is replaced by a newer, substantially better technology.

A) process
B) pattern
C) cycle
D) hierarchy
E) continuum

Question 10

The same techniques for managing innovation work equally as well after technological discontinuities as during periods of incremental change.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT one of the components of creative work environments?

A) challenging work
B) group compensation
C) freedom
D) supervisory encouragement
E) organizational encouragement

Question 12

The first stage of organizational decline is:

A) crisis
B) inaction
C) blinded
D) faulty action
E) dissolution

Question 13

_{6. A technology begins with the "birth" of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its}
Limits and "dies" as it is replaced by a newer, substantially better technology.

A) process
B) pattern
C) cycle
D) hierarchy
E) continuum

Question 14

_{8. The approach to managing innovation assumes that innovation is a predictable process made up of a}
Series of steps and that compressing the time it takes to complete those steps can speed up innovation.

A) compression
B) milestones
C) dialectical
D) generational
E) prototypical

Question 15

According to John Kotter's analysis of the errors managers make when leading change, the first and potentially most serious of these errors is:

A) not establishing a great enough sense of urgency
B) declaring victory too soon
C) not anchoring changes in the corporation's culture
D) not removing obstacles to the new vision
E) a poorly designed organizational mission

Question 16

Which of the following is one of the three steps in the basic process of managing organizational change outlined by Kurt Lewin?

A) unfreezing
B) organizational dialogue
C) change definition
D) incremental change
E) change mentoring

Question 17

The research on technology cycles and technological innovation applies only to high-tech products developed in the bioengineering, robotics, and computer industries.

Question 18

Patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage are called:

A) innovation maps
B) organization development
C) results-driven change
D) innovation streams
E) cyclical inventions

Question 19

_{6. The approach to managing innovation assumes that innovation is a predictable process made up of a}
Series of steps and that compressing the time it takes to complete those steps can speed up innovation.

A) compression
B) milestones
C) dialectical
D) generational
E) prototypical

Question 20

Organizational decline is typically reversible at any of its five stages.

Question 21

A creative work environment requires organizational encouragement and supervisory encouragement as well as work group encouragement.

Question 22

A technology cycle begins with the birth of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and dies; it is then replaced by newer, substantially better technology.

Question 23

Fully functional change occurs when incremental improvements are made to a dominant technological design. In a fully functional change, the improved version of the technology is fully backward compatible with the older version.

Question 24

According to John Kotter's analysis of the errors managers make when leading change, the first and potentially most serious of these errors is:

A) not establishing a great enough sense of urgency
B) declaring victory too soon
C) not anchoring changes in the corporation's culture
D) not removing obstacles to the new vision
E) a poorly designed organizational mission

Question 25

Technological innovation not only makes it possible to duplicate the benefits obtained from a company's distinctive advantage but also quickly creates an opportunity to turn a company's competitive advantage into a competitive disadvantage.

Question 26

Nearly all technology cycles follow a bell-shaped pattern of innovation.

Question 27

Milestones are formal review points that tend to lengthen the innovation process.

Question 28

Organizational innovation is defined as "doing things differently" inside an organization.

Question 29

An innovation stream begins with a technological discontinuity, which is a scientific advance or a unique combination of existing technologies creating a significant breakthrough in performance or function.

Question 30

Companies that want to sustain a competitive advantage must understand and protect themselves from the strategic threats of innovation.

Question 31

According to Kurt Lewin, managing organizational change is a simple process that requires organizational dialogue, change intervention, and reformatting.

Question 32

Technology cycles for low-tech products follow the typical U-curve pattern cycle of innovation.

Question 33

The typical S-curve pattern of innovation indicates that both early and late in the technology cycle, increased effort
(i.e., money, research and development) brings only small improvements in technological performance.

Question 34

The three parts of the experiential approach to innovation are design iterations, testing, and milestones.

Question 35

Innovation streams are patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage.

Question 36

Dominant designs emerge because they solve a practical problem, are a result of the negotiations of independent standards bodies, or because of critical mass.

Question 37

The same techniques for managing innovation work equally as well after technological discontinuities as during periods of incremental change.

Question 38

Which of the following approaches is aimed at changing large systems, small groups, or individuals?

A) General Electric workout
B) the functional approach to change
C) organizational development
D) results-driven change
E) Lewin's change synthesis

Question 39

The General Electric workout is a special kind of:

A) activity-oriented change
B) results-driven change
C) generational change
D) vision-driven change
E) resources-driven change

Question 40

Technological discontinuities are followed by discontinuous change characterized by technological substitution and design competition.

Question 41

Results-driven change focuses primarily on changing company procedures, management philosophy, or employee behavior.

Question 42

A technology cycle occurs whenever there are major advances or changes in the in a field or discipline.

A) human, technical, and conceptual skills needed
B) structure or personnel requirements
C) internal resource environment
D) knowledge, tools, and techniques
E) way information is integrated

Question 43

Resistance to change usually results from organizational factors: such as the absence of promotion guidelines, bonuses, and praise.

Question 44

In the typical S-curve pattern of innovation, small amounts of effort will result in significant increases in performance .

A) during the growth stage of the cycle
B) at the midpoint of the cycle
C) only at the end of the cycle
D) throughout the cycle
E) only at the beginning of the cycle

Question 45

In terms of innovation streams, what replace the older, bulkier monitors.

A) technological substitution
B) technological expansion
C) reengineering
D) demarketing _{e. the pioneering era}
Occurred when customers purchased flat-screen computer monitors to

Question 46

is the knowledge, tools, and techniques used to transform inputs into outputs.

A) Resource manipulation
B) Procedural innovation
C) A transformation system
D) Technology
E) Creativity

Question 47

In the typical S-curve pattern of innovation, increased effort (i.e., money, research, and development) brings only small improvements in technological performance when performance limits of the technology are reached .

A) during the introductory stage of the cycle
B) at the breakeven point of the cycle
C) during the maturity stage of the innovation cycle
D) throughout the cycle
E) at the end of the cycle

Question 48

Even though education and communication, participation, negotiation, top management support, and coercion can all be used to manage resistance to change, coercion should be used only in a crisis or as a last resort.

Question 49

Patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage are called .

A) innovation maps
B) organization development
C) results-driven change
D) innovation streams
E) cyclical inventions

Question 50

The development of the DVD player was a source of had once been.

A) a sustainable competitive advantage
B) creativity reengineering
C) technological discontinuity
D) planned shrinkage _{e. technological replacement}
To companies in the movie industry just as VHS tapes

Question 51

Nearly all technology cycles follow the typical pattern of innovation.

A) W-curve
B) U-curve
C) bell-shaped
D) S-curve
E) V-shaped

Question 52

Creativity was needed to improve efficiency without raising costs at one automobile maker. Over the last few years, the company has successfully implemented a creative engineering program that allows its plants to produce more than one type of car from the same assembly line. This successful change to a flexible manufacturing system is an example of .

A) corporate synergy
B) organizational innovation
C) assembly networking
D) organizational networking
E) reverse engineering

Question 53

An innovation stream moves from one technology cycle to another through the process of .

A) technological substitution
B) dominant design
C) incremental environmental change
D) organizational synergy
E) transition management

Question 54

In the typical S-curve pattern of innovation, increased effort (i.e., money, research and development) brings only small improvements in technological performance ,

A) early in the cycle
B) throughout the cycle
C) at the end of the cycle
D) at both the beginning and end of the cycle
E) in the maturity stage of the cycle

Question 55

Organizational is the successful implementation of creative ideas in organizations.

A) change
B) innovation
C) creativity
D) development
E) deployment

Question 56

The General Electric Workout is a special kind of activity-oriented change.

Question 57

Declaring victory too soon is one of the mistakes managers often make in the refreezing stage of change.

Question 58

When significant improvements in performance can ONLY be gained through radical new designs or new performance-enhancing materials, it is likely that a company is in the S-curve pattern of innovation.

A) at its breakeven point
B) at the problem identification stage of the innovation cycle
C) at the end of the innovation cycle
D) at either the beginning or end of the innovation cycle
E) at the end of its maturity stage

Question 59

_{28. A technology begins with the birth of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and}
Dies as it is replaced by a newer, substantially better technology.

A) process
B) pattern
C) cycle
D) hierarchy
E) continuum

Question 60

When Gregg Steiner became the vice president for Cleveland-based Pinxav, he knew the diaper-rash product manufacturer's sales were declining. At a trade show Steiner was pitching the product to some new mothers who had never heard of it. The mothers weren't convinced that they should part with their money for a new-to-them product. The inspired Steiner said, "If you're not happy with the product, I will not only give you your money back, I'll buy you our competitors' product. I'll buy you whatever other brand you want." Suddenly the women were interested, and they all plunked down their money. None of the women ever took Steiner up on his offer. So Steiner decided to make it part of his business practice. This new guarantee was an example of .

A) corporate synergy
B) organizational innovation
C) assembly networking
D) organizational networking
E) reverse engineering

Question 61

Which of the following is a component of a creative work environment that encourages creativity?

A) the development of challenging work
B) organizational encouragement
C) the granting of autonomy
D) the removal of organizational impediments
E) all of these

Question 62

Unverferth Manufacturing has been a manufacturer and supplier of innovative agricultural equipment since 1948. Recently it began developing a new 12-row strip-till subsoiler, which prepares 10-inch-wide seed beds spaced 40 inches apart. Before introducing the new tiller to the market, Unverferth developed and tested nearly three-dozen product prototypes. Unverferth used the approach to innovation.

A) compression
B) experiential
C) technological substitution
D) generational change
E) technological disruption

Question 63

_{45. During the phase of a technology cycle, companies innovate by lowering the cost and improving the}
Functioning and performance of the dominant design.

A) technological discontinuity
B) discontinuous change
C) dominant design
D) incremental change
E) technological continuity

Question 64

are workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged.

A) Creative work environments
B) Innovative societies
C) Homogeneous work environments
D) Participative work teams
E) Empathetic work stations

Question 65

Hewlett-Packard is currently exploring new products and markets through the development of digital imaging products in its plants in India, South Africa, and the United States. To jump-start this innovative process, Hewlett- Packard can across all of its plants around the world.

A) manage flow through the use of Gantt charts
B) concentrate on dominant design and ignore incremental design
C) engage in creative reciprocity
D) establish creative work environments
E) do none of these

Question 66

Kodak is a company associated with photography. The development of the digital camera forced Kodak into the innovation stream because the new imaging process was a(n) .

A) technological subtraction
B) technological discontinuity
C) process obsolescence
D) process addition
E) example of design advantage

Question 67

Companies need to excel at managing in order to successfully manage innovation streams.

A) the sources of innovation
B) innovation during synergistic change
C) reciprocity
D) environmental design issues
E) behavioral formality

Question 68

The purchase of new technologies to replace older ones is an example of .

A) adaptive change
B) design replacement
C) technological substitution
D) dominant design
E) innovative exchange

Question 69

Which of the following is an organizational impediment to creativity in a work environment?

A) internal conflict
B) rigid management structures
C) bias toward the status quo (i.e., a conservative environment)
D) power struggles
E) all of these

Question 70

Unverferth Manufacturing has been a manufacturer and supplier of innovative agricultural equipment since 1948. Recently it began developing a new 12-row subsoiler, which prepares 10-inch-wide seed beds spaced 40 inches apart. Before introducing the new tiller to the market, Unverferth developed and tested nearly three dozen product prototypes. Unverferth used to produce the best possible tiller before introducing it to the market.

A) service development
B) process duplication
C) design iteration
D) design compliance
E) process reengineering

Question 71

In order from beginning to end, the phases of a technology cycle within an innovation stream consist of .

A) incremental change, discontinuous change, dominant design, and technological discontinuity
B) discontinuous change, incremental change, technological discontinuity, and dominant design
C) dominant design, discontinuous change, era of incremental change, and technological discontinuity
D) technological discontinuity, discontinuous change, dominant design, and incremental change
E) technological discontinuity, incremental change, discontinuous change, and technological continuity

Question 72

Titleist has been manufacturing golf balls for several years, but each year it comes out with new golf ball designs. Titleist's development of the new Pro VI golf ball with a solid core designed to benefit players with high swing speeds is one example of how the manufacturer survives through .

A) technological discontinuity
B) discontinuous change
C) dominant design
D) incremental change
E) technological continuity

Question 73

Which of the following is NOT one of the components of creative work environments?

A) challenging work
B) group compensation
C) freedom
D) supervisory encouragement
E) organizational encouragement

Question 74

Kodak is a company associated with photography and has decided to become a market leader in digital imaging. Kodak can encourage the development of a culture where workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed by offering challenging work and supervisory encouragement. In other words, the company can create a(n) .

A) creative work environment
B) open system
C) adaptive culture
D) culture of change
E) tall structure to encourage horizontal communications

Question 75

The auto industry has been perfecting the internal combustion engine (ICE) for some 120 years. The Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV), a cooperative program between the Big Three and the U.S. government to replace ICEs with electric engines, has been operating since 1993. The internal combustion engine (ICE) is an example of .

A) a dominant design
B) design dichotomy
C) a synergistic design
D) a differential design
E) a dichotomous product

Question 76

When a U.S. automaker learned that it took longer than any other U.S. car manufacturer to assemble a vehicle, it purchased newer, more flexible manufacturing systems to replace its older ones. Which stage of the technology cycle did it enter?

A) technological adaptation
B) the era of dominant design
C) the technological growth stage
D) change substitution
E) discontinuous change

Question 77

is the phase of a technology cycle characterized by technological substitution and design competition.

A) Technological adaptation
B) The era of dominant design
C) The technological growth stage
D) Change substitution
E) Discontinuous change

Question 78

Discontinuous change in an innovation stream is characterized by .

A) synergy
B) technological substitution
C) incremental change
D) empathetic design
E) innovative reciprocity

Question 79

Kodak is a company associated with photography. The company has recognized that digital photography is a threat to the future growth of the company's film business. Therefore, the company has decided to become a market leader in digital imaging. As Kodak tried to compete in this new innovation stream, it entered .

A) technological adaptation
B) the era of dominant design
C) the technological growth stage
D) change substitution
E) discontinuous change

Question 80

Kodak is a company associated with photography. The company has recognized that digital photography is a threat to the future growth of the company. Therefore, the company has decided to become a market leader in digital imaging while still providing customer support for people still using film cameras. The existence of both technologies is an example of .

A) design substitution
B) modular management
C) design competition
D) hierarchical management
E) a creative flow