Deck 1: The Human Body: an Orientation

Question 1

Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) imaging is most useful in discovering obstructed blood supplies in organs and tissues.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Without some sort of negative feedback mechanism, it would be impossible to keep our body chemistry in balance.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The coxal joint is most likely found in the _ region of the body.

A) groin
B) hand
C) foot
D) hip

Answer 3

D

Question 4

It is important for any organism to maintain its boundaries, so that its internal environment remains distinct from the external environment surrounding it.

Question 5

The study of large body structures, visible to the naked eye, such as the heart is called anatomy.

A) systemic
B) microscopic
C) developmental
D) gross

Question 6

Embryology concerns the structural changes that occur in an individual from conception through old age.

Question 7

Generally, what is the result of the negative feedback process?

A) to maintain homeostasis
B) to keep the body's blood sugar level high
C) to regulate excretion via the kidneys
D) to control body movement

Question 8

Positive feedback mechanisms tend to enhance the original stimulus so that the response is accelerated.

Question 9

The epigastric region is superior to the umbilical region.

Question 10

Responsiveness or irritability is the ability to sense changes in the environment and then respond to them.

Question 11

The right hypochondriac region contains the majority of the stomach.

Question 12

The part of the serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity wall is called visceral peritoneum.

Question 13

A major function of serous membranes is to decrease friction.

Question 14

Expiration (breathing out) is how the body removes excessive carbon dioxide from the blood. This is an example of .

A) maintaining boundaries
B) metabolism
C) responsiveness
D) excretion of metabolic waste

Question 15

The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT _ .

A) arms at sides
B) thumbs pointed laterally
C) body erect
D) palms turned posteriorly

Question 16

Histology would be best defined as a study of _.

A) cells
B) cell chemistry
C) the gross structures of the body
D) tissues

Question 17

The elbow is proximal to the shoulder.

Question 18

A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions for the body is a(n) .

A) complex cell
B) organ system
C) complex tissue
D) organ

Question 19

A tissue consists of groups of similar cells that have a common function.

Question 20

Lungs carry out an excretory function.

Question 21

Which of the following organs or structures would be found in the left iliac region?

A) stomach
B) intestines
C) appendix
D) liver

Question 22

Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex: 1. molecules
2. atoms
3. tissues
4. cells
5. organs

A) 2-1-3-4-5
B) 1-2-4-3-5
C) 1-2-3-4-5
D) 2-1-4-3-5

Question 23

Select the most correct statement.

A) The endocrine system is not a true structural organ system.
B) The immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system.
C) Organ systems can be composed of cells or tissues, but not both.
D) Organ systems operate independently of each other to maintain life.

Question 24

In which body cavities are the lungs located?

A) pleural, dorsal, and abdominal
B) pericardial, ventral, and thoracic
C) mediastinal, thoracic, and ventral
D) pleural, ventral, and thoracic

Question 25

Which of the following describes a parasagittal plane?

A) any sagittal plane except in the midline
B) any cut dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions
C) two cuts dividing the body into left and right halves
D) a transverse cut just above the knees

Question 26

Which of the following imaging devices would best localize a tumor in a person's brain?

A) DSA
B) MRI
C) PET
D) X-ray

Question 27

What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into left and right, called?

A) transverse
B) sagittal
C) regional
D) frontal

Question 28

Which of the following are survival needs of the body?

A) nutrients, water, movement, and reproduction
B) water, atmospheric pressure, growth, and movement
C) nutrients, water, growth, and reproduction
D) nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen

Question 29

Which one of the following systems responds fastest to environmental stimuli?

A) lymphatic
B) immune
C) nervous
D) muscular

Question 30

The dorsal body cavity is the site of which of the following?

A) lungs
B) intestines
C) liver
D) brain

Question 31

The parietal pleura would represent a serous membrane _.

A) lining the thoracic cavity
B) covering individual lungs
C) covering the heart
D) lining the abdominal cavity

Question 32

Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains .

A) a relatively stable internal environment, within limits
B) a static state with no deviation from preset points
C) the lowest possible energy usage
D) a dynamic state within an unlimited range, depending on circumstances

Question 33

In which quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity is the stomach located?

A) left upper quadrant
B) right lower quadrant
C) left lower quadrant
D) right upper quadrant

Question 34

The term pollex refers to the _.

A) calf
B) thumb
C) great toe
D) fingers

Question 35

Which of the following statements is the most correct regarding homeostatic imbalance?

A) It is considered the cause of most diseases.
B) Positive feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed.
C) Negative feedback mechanisms are functioning normally.
D) The internal environment is becoming more stable.

Question 36

Choose the anatomical topic and definition that is NOT correctly matched.

A) Gross anatomy: study of structures visible to the eye.
B) Cytology: study of the structures in a particular region.
C) Microscopic anatomy: study of structures too small to be seen by the naked eye.
D) Embryology: study of the changes in an individual from conception to birth.

Question 37

A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be _ .

A) regulating glucose levels in the blood
B) body temperature regulation
C) blood calcium level regulation
D) enhancement of labor contractions

Question 38

Which of these is NOT part of the dorsal cavity?

A) vertebral cavity
B) cranial cavity
C) thoracic cavity
D) spinal cord

Question 39

Choose the following statement that is NOT completely correct regarding serous membranes.

A) Serous membranes are divided into parietal and visceral membranes with a virtual space between the two.
B) Visceral pericardium covers the outer surface of the heart, and parietal pericardium lines the internal walls of the heart.
C) Serosa are very thin, double-layered structures.
D) Serous membranes secrete a watery lubricating fluid.

Question 40

One of the functional characteristics of life is excitability or responsiveness. This refers to .

A) sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them
B) indigestible food residues stimulating the excretory system
C) the nervous system causing all living things to sometimes experience anger
D) the necessity for all organisms to reproduce

Question 41

You are told to take an axillary temperature on a small child. You will place the thermometer _.

A) under the tongue
B) in the rectum
C) on the forehead
D) in the armpit

Question 42

What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior regions called?

A) median
B) sagittal
C) transverse
D) frontal

Question 43

You are asked to take a person's heart rate at the popliteal pulse point. You will look for this pulse _.

A) on the palmar side of the hand
B) in the distal end of the lower leg
C) on the posterior side of the knee
D) at the posterior side of the wrist

Question 44

Which of the following describes the operation of the heart and blood vessels?

A) cardiovascular anatomy
B) systemic anatomy
C) systemic physiology
D) cardiovascular physiology

Question 45

Which of the following is the best explanation for why cells are considered the smallest units of living things.

A) Cells are highly ordered and complex.
B) Cells are the simplest structure to fit all of the characteristics necessary to be considered alive.
C) Cells have the ability to reproduce identical copies of themselves in a process called mitosis.
D) Cells cannot be seen with the naked eye and are considered microscopic.

Question 46

What does the "principle of complementarity of structures and function" mean?

Question 47

One of the descriptions below is from the perspective of anatomical study, the rest are from a physiological perspective. Select the description below that comes from an anatomical perspective.

A) The extremely thin tissue (simple squamous epithelium) of the lungs allows for the quick diffusion of respiratory gases into and out of the body.
B) The direction of blood flow through the heart is directed by one way valves.
C) The cell-to-cell connections between heart (cardiac) muscle cells are strong. They hold the tissue together for a life time of forceful contractions.
D) The innermost lining of the lungs is composed primarily of a thin tissue called simple squamous epithelium.

Question 48

The body cavities that protect the nervous system are located in the _ _ cavity.

A) ventral
B) cranial
C) vertebral
D) dorsal
E) thoracic

Question 49

Prevention of water loss is a necessary function for life that would best fit in the category of .

A) metabolism
B) excretion
C) maintaining boundaries
D) responsiveness

Question 50

Positive feedback differs from negative feedback because _ .

A) positive feedback provides moment-to-moment wellbeing while negative feedback causes a cascade effect
B) positive feedback tends to enhance the triggering stimulus while negative feedback tends to return the body to a homeostatic balance or "ideal" level
C) positive feedback is critical to health while negative feedback serves only to alert us to potential health threats
D) positive feedback is generally beneficial while negative feedback is typically harmful

Question 51

One of the descriptions below is from the perspective of physiological study, the rest are from an anatomical perspective. Select the description below that comes from physiological perspective.

A) The pancreas lies deep to the stomach within the abdominal cavity.
B) The skull is formed by 22 facial and cranial bones.
C) The contraction of smooth muscle in blood vessels (vasoconstriction) can reduce the flow of blood through the vessel.
D) The chambers of the heart and blood vessels leading to and from the heart are separated by valves composed of fibrous connective tissue.

Question 52

The thoracic cavity contains the _. It is found to the vertebral cavity.

A) heart and lungs; anterior
B) kidneys and spleen; deep
C) digestive viscera; inferior
D) stomach and liver; superficial

Question 53

You are asked to draw blood from the median cubital vein. You will search for this vein in the .

A) hand
B) proximal arm
C) lateral side of the foot
D) anterior side of the elbow

Question 54

It is wise to study anatomy alongside with physiology because .

A) to understand anatomy requires complete understanding of physiology
B) it makes for more efficient use of students' and teachers' time
C) anatomy and physiology are practically the same thing
D) physiology is only explainable in terms of the underlying anatomy

Question 55

Some of the nerve endings in the skin are sensitive to changes in temperature. They are part of a negative feedback mechanism regulating body temperature. These nerve endings represent a(n) in the negative feedback mechanism.

A) control center
B) homeostatic balance or "ideal" value
C) receptor
D) effector

Question 56

Similar cells that have a common function are called .

Question 57

The study of anatomy and physiology assumes and describes a healthy body. Select the description below that does NOT explain why this approach is useful.

A) A healthy body establishes what "normal" is.
B) Study of a healthy body provides a foundation for a more complete understanding of all human bodies.
C) Study of a healthy body is less intimidating and more familiar to new students.
D) A healthy body provides a common standard to compare to.

Question 58

Anatomical position is important because _.

A) it allows diagrams within textbooks to display a greater surface area of the body with one simple diagram
B) it provides the greatest circulation to the extremities
C) it is the position most comfortable to hospital patients
D) it allows a common point of reference for body position to help communicate anatomical relationships

Question 59

When a baby suckles at its mother's breast the stimulus at the breast is sent to the mother's brain (a region called the hypothalamus). The brain responds by releasing hormones to stimulate the production and the ejection of milk from the breast. This helps the newborn to receive nourishment and encourages more suckling. This example is best described as a .

A) necessary life function
B) negative feedback
C) loss of homeostasis
D) positive feedback

Question 60

Anabolic reactions are chemical reactions of the body that build things, make them bigger or more complex. Catabolic reactions break things down making them smaller or less complex. If the rate of anabolic reaction in
The body is much faster than the rate of catabolic reactions, which of the following necessary life function will be accomplished?

A) digestion
B) growth
C) responsiveness
D) movement

Question 61

What is the serous membrane that covers the intestines called?

Question 62

What is the single most abundant chemical substance in the body?

Question 63

Why must a normal body temperature be maintained in order for chemical reactions to be continued at life-sustaining rates?

Question 64

What is a dynamic equilibrium of your internal environment termed?

Question 65

The ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them is called _ .

Question 66

Can lungs carry out excretory functions? Explain your answer.

Question 67

What is the action of all of the negative feedback mechanisms of the body?

Question 68

What is the pathway between the receptor and the control center in the reflex pathway called?

Question 69

Which cavity contains the bladder, some reproductive organs, and the rectum?

Question 70

The term that describes the back of the elbow is _.

Question 71

Why are the abdominopelvic cavity organs the most vulnerable to blunt deceleration in an automobile accident with seat belts?

Question 72

Why is anatomical terminology necessary?

Question 73

What broad term covers all chemical reactions that occur within the body cells?

Question 74

is explained by chemical and physical principles and is concerned with the function of specific organs or organic systems.

Question 75

What can happen when the usual negative feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed and destructive positive feedback mechanisms take over?

Question 76

The term that describes the neck region is .

Question 77

The heart is to the lungs.

Question 78

Which feedback mechanism causes the variable to deviate further and further from its original value or range?

Question 79

What type of homeostatic feedback reflex is the withdrawal reflex?

Question 80

What is the function of the serous membranes?