Deck 10: The Muscular System

Question 1

Both first- and second-class levers operate at a mechanical disadvantage.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

In order to propel food down to the esophagus, the pharyngeal constrictor muscles are used.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The buccinator muscle compresses the cheek and is well developed in nursing infants.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Muscles that help maintain upright posture are fixators.

Question 5

The broadest muscle of the back is the latissimus dorsi.

Question 6

The soleus is a synergist of the gastrocnemius during plantar flexion.

Question 7

The arrangement of a muscle's fascicles determines its range of motion and power.

Question 8

The deltoid is a prime mover of the arm that acts in adduction.

Question 9

Regardless of type, all levers follow the same basic principle: effort farther than load from fulcrum = mechanical advantage; effort nearer than load to fulcrum = mechanicaldisadvantage.

Question 10

Sternocleidomastoid.

Question 11

The calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon) is the largest tendon in the body.

Question 12

Muscles are only able to pull, they never push.

Question 13

A pair of tweezers is a good example of a second-class lever.

Question 14

Although all skeletal muscles have different shapes, the fascicle arrangement of each muscle is exactly the same.

Question 15

Pectoralis minor.

Question 16

Deep muscles of the thorax promote movements for breathing.

Question 17

Muscle power depends mostly on the total number of muscle fibers (cells) in the muscle.

Question 18

The major head flexors are the sternocleidomastoid muscles, with the help of the muscles attached to the hyoid bone.

Question 19

The diaphragm flattens and moves inferiorly during inspiration.

Question 20

Muscles that help to maintain posture are best described as synergists.

Question 21

Which of the following muscles is not a rotator cuff muscle?

A) subscapularis
B) teres minor
C) supraspinatus
D) levator scapulae

Question 22

The names of muscles often indicate the action of the muscle. What does the term levator mean?

A) The muscle is a fixator and stabilizes a bone or joint.
B) The muscle functions as a synergist.
C) The muscle elevates.
D) The muscle flexes and rotates a region.

Question 23

Muscles connecting to the hyoid bone are important for swallowing and speech.

Question 24

Which of the following muscles is involved in producing horizontal wrinkles in the forehead?

A) the temporalis
B) the frontal belly of the epicranius
C) the medial pterygoid
D) the zygomaticus major

Question 25

Which group of muscles elevates the first two ribs and flexes and rotates the neck?

A) the spinalis
B) the iliocostalis
C) the splenius
D) the scalenes

Question 26

Which of the following muscles is involved in crossing one leg over the other to produce the cross-legged position?

A) the sartorius
B) all of the hamstrings
C) the quadriceps femoris
D) the gastrocnemius

Question 27

Which of the following muscles inserts to the posterior calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon?

A) the tibialis anterior
B) the semitendinosus
C) the sartorius
D) the gastrocnemius

Question 28

Muscle spasms of the back often are due to the erector spinae contraction.

Question 29

What is the major factor controlling how levers work?

A) the direction the load is being moved
B) the structural characteristics of the muscles of the person using the lever
C) the weight of the load
D) the difference in the positioning of the effort, load, and fulcrum

Question 30

The muscles of facial expression insert into skin or other muscles, not bones.

Question 31

The supraspinatus is named for its location on the posterior aspect of the scapula above the spine. What is its action?

A) to help hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity and rotate the humerus laterally
B) to extend and medially rotate the humerus and to act as a synergist of the latissimus dorsi
C) to flex and adduct the humerus and to act as a synergist of the pectoralis major
D) to initiate abduction of the arm, to stabilize the shoulder joint and to help prevent downward dislocation of the humerus

Question 32

Which of the following is not a muscle primarily involved in the breathing process?

A) latissimus dorsi
B) internal intercostal
C) external intercostal
D) diaphragm

Question 33

When the term biceps, triceps, or quadriceps forms part of a muscle's name, what does it tell you about the muscle?

A) The muscle is able to change direction twice, three times, or four times faster than other muscles, respectively.
B) The muscle has two, three, or four origins, respectively.
C) The muscle has two, three, or four functions, respectively.
D) The muscle has two, three, or four insertions, respectively.

Question 34

At the grocery store a cute, little curly-haired child is standing behind you in line. You turnaround for a moment and she sticks her tongue out at you. Which tongue muscle did she use?

A) stylohyoid
B) genioglossus
C) orbicularis oris
D) hyoglossus

Question 35

What muscle is primarily responsible for preventing foot drop?

A) fibularis tertius
B) extensor digitorum longus
C) tibialis anterior
D) extensor hallucis longus

Question 36

What is a muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement called?

A) an antagonist
B) an agonist (prime mover)
C) a fixator
D) a synergist

Question 37

Which of the following describes the suprahyoid muscles?

A) They are a group of muscles that lie superior to the hyoid bone and help form the floor of the oral cavity.
B) They move the pharynx superiorly during swallowing.
C) They depress the larynx and hyoid bone if the mandible is fixed.
D) They are often called strap muscles.

Question 38

Which type of lever is demonstrated by using scissors?

A) a first-class lever
B) a second-class lever
C) a third-class lever
D) a fourth-class lever

Question 39

The most powerful muscle in the body is the________.

A) quadriceps femoris
B) gastrocnemius
C) gluteus maximus
D) rectus abdominis

Question 40

What is the main factor that determines the power of a muscle?

A) the length
B) the number of neurons innervating it
C) the total number of muscle fibers (cells) available for contraction
D) the shape

Question 41

Which of these is not a way of classifying muscles?

A) muscle shape
B) the type of muscle fibers
C) muscle location
D) the type of action they cause

Question 42

A muscle that opposes, or reverses, a particular movement is a(n) ________.

A) antagonist
B) synergist
C) agonist (prime mover)
D) fixator

Question 43

Which of the following muscles is not a member of the hamstrings group?

A) vastus intermedius
B) biceps femoris
C) semimembranosus
D) semitendinosus

Question 44

A nursing infant develops a powerful sucking muscle that adults also use for whistling. What is this muscle called?

A) masseter
B) platysma
C) zygomaticus
D) buccinator

Question 45

What type of muscle assists an agonist by causing a like movement or by stabilizing a joint over which an agonist acts?

A) an agonist
B) an antagonist
C) a prime mover
D) a synergist

Question 46

Which muscle(s) is (are) contracted to exhale forcibly?

A) external intercostals and diaphragm
B) internal intercostals and rectus abdominus
C) diaphragm alone
D) rectus abdominis and diaphragm

Question 47

Which of the following is not a member of the hamstrings?

A) semimembranosus
B) semitendinosus
C) biceps femoris
D) gracilis

Question 48

The sternocleidomastoid muscle inserts on the ________.

A) clavicle
B) mastoid process of the temporal bone
C) platysma
D) sternum

Question 49

Which muscle group is involved when a "pulled groin" occurs?

A) lateral rotators
B) thigh adductors
C) hamstrings
D) quadriceps

Question 50

What are the levers that operate at a mechanical advantage called?

A) speed levers
B) power levers
C) dysfunctional levers
D) functional levers

Question 51

If a lever operates at a mechanical disadvantage, it means that the ________.

A) lever system is useless
B) load is far from the fulcrum and the effort is applied near the fulcrum
C) effort is farther than the load from the fulcrum
D) load is near the fulcrum and the effort is at the distal end

Question 52

In general, a muscle that crosses on the anterior side of a joint produces ________.

A) abduction
B) adduction
C) extension
D) flexion

Question 53

Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the thigh?

A) iliopsoas and rectus femoris
B) soleus
C) vastus medialis
D) biceps femoris

Question 54

Which of the following best describes the orbicularis oris?

A) It draws the eyebrows together.
B) It closes, purses, and protrudes the lips.
C) It closes the eye.
D) It pulls the lower lip down and back.

Question 55

Tennis players often complain about pain in the arm (forearm) that swings the racquet. What muscle is usually strained under these conditions?

A) the triceps brachii
B) the brachioradialis
C) the flexor digitorum profundus
D) the anconeus

Question 56

What do the genioglossus, hyoglossus, and styloglossus muscles have in common?

A) All names reflect direction of muscle fibers.
B) All act on the tongue.
C) Each acts synergistically to elevate the jaw.
D) All names indicate the relative size of the muscle.

Question 57

Which of the following muscles fixes and depresses the ribs and stabilizes the pelvis during walking?

A) internal oblique
B) external oblique
C) rectus abdominis
D) transversus abdominis

Question 58

Which of the following muscles is a flexor of the thigh?

A) gluteus maximus
B) vastus lateralis
C) tibialis posterior
D) adductor magnus

Question 59

First-class levers ________.

A) in the body can operate at a mechanical advantage or mechanical disadvantage, depending on specific location
B) are typified by tweezers or forceps
C) have load at one end of the lever, fulcrum at the other, and effort applied somewhere in the middle
D) are used when standing on tip-toe

Question 60

If L = load, F = fulcrum, and E = effort, what type of lever system is described as LEF?

A) first-class lever
B) second-class lever
C) third-class lever
D) fourth-class lever

Question 61

From superficial to deep, order the transversus abdominis, external oblique and internal oblique muscles.Describe the orientation of the muscle fibers for each of these as well as for the rectus abdominis muscles.

Question 62

Muscles that act as synergists seem to have valuable functions, especially in stabilizing joints. Briefly explain their functions.

Question 63

A wide receiver for a college football team pulled a hamstring muscle. What muscles could be affected and what would the effect be?

Question 64

What are the components of a lever system? Describe the role of each component.

Question 65

The ________ runs deep to the internal oblique.

A) latissimus dorsi
B) external oblique
C) rectus abdominis
D) transversus abdominis

Question 66

Which of the following muscles does not act in plantar flexion?

A) gastrocnemius and soleus
B) popliteus
C) flexor digitorum longus
D) tibialis posterior

Question 67

Which of the following muscles is involved in inversion at the ankle joint?

A) extensor digitorum longus
B) fibularis (peroneus) tertius
C) tibialis anterior
D) fibularis (peroneus) longus

Question 68

Which of the following muscles serves as a common intramuscular injection site, particularly in infants as the buttocks and arm muscles are poorly developed?

A) rectus femoris
B) the vastus lateralis
C) the vastus intermedius
D) the vastus medialis

Question 69

An elderly woman, with extensive osteoarthritis of her left hip joint, entered the hospital t o have a total hip joint replacement (prosthesis implantation). After surgery, her left hip had to be maintained in abductionto prevent dislocation of the prosthesis while healing was occurring. An abduction pillow was used to keep the legs apart, especially when lying on her side. Name the abductor muscles and describe the action ofeach that need to be strengthened in order to help maintain abduction.

Question 70

The ________ is known as the "boxer's muscle."

A) serratus anterior
B) flexor digitorum longus
C) rectus abdominis
D) biceps brachii

Question 71

The abnormal protrusion of the small intestine through a weak point in the muscle of theabdominal wall is called a________.

A) hyperextension
B) sprain
C) hernia
D) pulled muscle

Question 72

The________ is a synergist of the latissimus dorsi; it extends, medially rotates, and adducts thehumerus.

A) teres major
B) supraspinatus
C) infraspinatus
D) teres minor

Question 73

The ________ is the main chewing muscle.

A) buccinator
B) hyoglossus
C) masseter
D) lateral pterygoid

Question 74

Bodybuilders are known for their "great quads." Describe the quadriceps muscles.

Question 75

Paralysis of which of the following muscles would make an individual unable to flex the knee?

A) hamstring muscles
B) gluteal muscles
C) soleus
D) brachioradialis

Question 76

The ________ helps keep food between the grinding surfaces of the teeth during chewing.

A) buccinator
B) mentalis
C) orbicularis oris
D) risorius

Question 77

________ is a powerful forearm extensor.

A) Triceps brachii
B) Biceps brachii
C) Brachioradialis
D) Brachialis

Question 78

A woman mentions to her friend that another person on the beach has "great abs." What is she talking about?

Question 79

The ________ tightens the neck and draws the corners of the mouth downward as in expressing horror.

A) sternohyoid
B) sternocleidomastoid
C) platysma
D) mentalis

Question 80

The quadriceps femoris is composed of three "vastus" muscles and the ________.

A) semimembranosus
B) rectus femoris
C) semitendinosus
D) biceps femoris