Deck 3: Graphical Descriptive Techniques II

Question 1

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
A professor examines the relationship between minutes studying and exam score (out of 200 points) for a random sample of his students. The scatter diagram is shown below. It appears that study time has somewhat of a positive linear relationship with exam score.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
Which of the following is the method statisticians use to draw the best fitting straight line through the data on a scatter diagram?

A)The fit best method.
B)The least squares method.
C)The point-intercept method.
D)None of these choices.

Answer 2

The least squares method.

Question 3

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
If we draw a straight line through the points in a scatter diagram and most of the points fall close to the line, there must be a positive relationship between the two variables.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
If the data in a scatter diagram is scattered completely at random, what do you conclude?

A)There is no linear relationship between X and Y.
B)There is a strong linear relationship between X and Y.
C)There is a strong linear relationship between X and Y that is described by a horizontal (flat) line.
D)None of these choices.

Question 5

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
Data for calories and salt content (milligrams of sodium) in 17 brands of meat hot dogs are shown in the scatter diagram below. According to this diagram, it appears that hot dogs that are high in sodium are generally low in calories, and hot dogs with low sodium are generally high in calories.

Question 6

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
When two variables are linearly related, and tend to move in opposite directions, we describe the nature of their association as a negative linear relationship.

Question 7

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
Which of the following statements is false?

A)You can examine the relationship between two nominal variables using a cross-classification table.
B)You can only apply statistical techniques to one variable at a time.
C)You can examine the relationship between two interval variables using a scatter diagram.
D)None of these choices.

Question 8

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
In order to draw a scatter diagram, we need interval data for

A)one variable
B)two variables
C)three variables
D)four variables

Question 9

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
The two most important characteristics to examine in a scatter diagram are the number of possible categories for X and Y and the number of observations in each category.

Question 10

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
How do you determine whether two interval variables have a positive linear relationship?

A)Most of the points fall close to a straight line with positive slope.
B)As the X variable increases, the Y variable increases in a linear way.
C)The scatter diagram shows a linear pattern that is going uphill.
D)All of these choices are true.

Question 11

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
When two variables tend to move in opposite directions, yet still form a linear pattern, how do you describe their relationship?

A)A positive linear relationship.
B)A negative linear relationship.
C)A proportional inverse relationship.
D)None of these choices.

Question 12

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
The relationship between two interval variables is graphically displayed by a

A)scatter diagram
B)histogram
C)bar chart
D)pie chart

Question 13

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
The graphical technique used to describe the relationship between two interval variables is the scatter diagram.

Question 14

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
The first scatter diagram below shows a stronger linear relationship than the second scatter diagram. (Assume the scales on both scatter diagrams are the same.)

Question 15

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
Which of the following describes a positive linear relationship between X and Y?

A)As the X values increase, the Y values increase in a linear manner.
B)As the X values decrease, the Y values decrease in a linear manner.
C)The X and Y values move uphill together in a linear manner.
D)All of these choices are true.

Question 16

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
If two variables have a strong linear relationship, that means one variable is causing the other variable to go up or down.

Question 17

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
Correlation implies causation.

Question 18

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
The two most important characteristics revealed by the scatter diagram are the strength and direction of the linear relationship.

Question 19

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
In applications involving two variables, X and Y, where one variable depends to some degree on the other, we call Y the ____________________ variable.

Question 20

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
The scatter diagram below depicts data with a negative linear relationship.

Question 21

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
It is speculated that the number of police officers has a negative linear relationship with number of crimes. Explain why this might be so.

Question 22

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
The line chart below shows cucumber prices fluctuated from $2.00 per pound to over $4.50 per pound during the year.

Question 23

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
A line chart is created by plotting the values of the variable on the vertical axis and the time periods on the horizontal axis.

Question 24

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
A department store's monthly sales (in thousands of dollars) for the last year were as follows. A histogram should be used to present these data.

Question 25

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
A(n) ____________________ is a graphical display consisting of a set of points, each point representing one variable measured along the horizontal axis, and another variable measured along the vertical axis.

Question 26

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
If when one variable increases the other one also increases, we say that there is a(n) ____________________ relationship between these two variables.

Question 27

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
In applications involving two variables, X and Y, where one variable depends to some degree on the other, we call X the ____________________ variable.

Question 28

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
The line chart below shows tomato prices each month from January (month 1) to December last year ($ per pound). By looking at this chart you can see the lowest tomato prices occurred in July.

Question 29

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
The number of houses sold in Miami Springs and the average monthly mortgage rates for 18 months randomly selected between January 2011 and April 2013 are shown in the following table.
a.Draw a scatter diagram with the number of houses sold on the vertical axis.
b.Describe the relationship between mortgage rate and number of houses sold.

Question 30

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
A line chart that is flat shows no fluctuation in the variable being presented.

Question 31

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
One of the variables used to help predict unemployment rates is the rate of inflation. Accordingly, we identify rate of inflation as the ____________________ variable, and unemployment rate as the ____________________ variable.

Question 32

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
An individual's income depends somewhat on their number of years of education. Accordingly, we identify income as the ____________________ variable, and years of education as the ____________________ variable.

Question 33

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
What are the two most important characteristics to look for in a scatter diagram?

Question 34

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
An economics professor wants to study the relationship between income and education. A sample of 10 individuals is selected at random, and their income (in thousands of dollars) and education (in years) are shown below:

a.Draw a scatter diagram for these data with the income on the vertical axis.
b.Describe the relationship between income and education.

Question 35

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
The two most important characteristics to look for in a scatter diagram are the ____________________ and ____________________ of the linear relationship.

Question 36

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
Time series data are often graphically depicted on a line chart, which is a plot of the variable of interest over time.

Question 37

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
Can a scatter diagram be used to explore the relationship between two nominal variables? Explain why or why not.

Question 38

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
Briefly explain the difference between correlation and causation in terms of a relationship between X and Y.

Question 39

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
When one variable increases and the other decreases, we say that there is a(n) ____________________ relationship between these two variables.

Question 40

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
The graph below represents a line graph.

Question 41

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
Observations that are measured at the same time are called ____________________ data.

Question 42

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
The intervals (classes) in a histogram do not overlap.

Question 43

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
Which of the following represents time-series data?

A)The length of time each of the top 100 stocks have been available on the NYSE.
B)The most popular time of year that people purchase the top 100 stocks on the NYSE.
C)The value of the #1 stock on the NYSE each month over a one-year period.
D)All of these choices are true.

Question 44

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
Observations that are measured at the same time represent what type of data?

A)Time-series data
B)Cross-sectional data
C)Synchronous data
D)None of these choices.

Question 45

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
Time series data are often graphically depicted on a(n) ____________________, which is a plot of the variable of interest over time.

Question 46

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
The intervals (classes) in a histogram are equally wide.

Question 47

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
Explain the difference between a histogram and a line chart.

Question 48

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
Which of the following statements describes a line chart?

A)A line chart is a graph of time-series data.
B)A line chart is a plot of a variable over time.
C)The horizontal axis of a line chart contains time periods.
D)All of these choices are true.

Question 49

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
Briefly discuss the difference between cross-sectional data and time-series data.

Question 50

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
Observations that are measured at successive points in time is what type of data?

A)Time-series data
B)Cross-sectional data
C)Successive data
D)None of these choices.

Question 51

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
A line chart is created by plotting the value of the variable on the ____________________ axis and the time periods on the ____________________ axis.

Question 52

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
Observations that are taken during successive points in time are called ____________________ data.

Question 53

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
What kind(s) of data can be depicted by a line chart?

A)Frequencies of an interval over time.
B)Frequencies of a nominal variable over time.
C)Relative frequencies of a nominal variable over time.
D)All of these choices are true.

Question 54

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
Beef prices throughout the year (month 1 = January) are shown in the line chart below (per pound). Describe beef prices for this given year using this line chart.

Question 55

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
Time-series data are often graphically depicted how?

A)Bar chart
B)Histogram
C)Line chart
D)All of these choices are true.

Question 56

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
A(n) ____________________ is created by plotting the value of the variable on the vertical axis and the time periods on the horizontal axis.

Question 57

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
The line chart below shows potato prices per pound for each month from January (month 1) to December last year. By looking at this chart you can see the lowest potato prices occurred in ____________________.

Question 58

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
What type of graph depicts the data below?

A)A line chart
B)A histogram
C)A dot plot
D)A bar chart

Question 59

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
Which of the following statements describe(s) the line chart below?

A)November experienced the lowest sales throughout the year.
B)August experienced the highest sales throughout the year.
C)Sales did not fluctuate more than 30 units on either side of 90.
D)All of these choices are true.

Question 60

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
In a histogram, each observation is assigned to one or more classes.

Question 61

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
The number of observations within each class may be found in a frequency distribution.

Question 62

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND

-According to the stem-and-leaf plot below, the median quiz score for this data set is 8. $$\begin{array} { l } \text { Stem-and-leaf of Quiz Score; } \mathrm { N } = 75 \\\text { Leaf Unit = } 1 \\\begin{array} { lll } 9&0 & 000112333 \\14&0 & 56899 \\21&1 & 0000123 \\26&1 & 66699 \\33&2 & 3334445 \\(8)&2 & 66677888 \\34&3 & 0023344 \\27&3 & 56669999 \\19&4 & 000122233 \\10&4 & 5556667790\end{array}\end{array}$$

Question 63

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
A stem-and-leaf display represents nominal data.

Question 64

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
A histogram is said to be symmetric if, when we draw a vertical line down the center of the histogram the two sides are nearly identical.

Question 65

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND

-According to the stem-and-leaf plot below, this data set has a negative median. $$\begin{array}{l}\text { Stem-and-leaf of P/E ratio; } N = 75\\\text { Leaf Unit } = \text { Q.01 } \\\begin{array}{lll}1&-2 & 6 \\2&-2 & 0 \\5&-1 & 555 \\8&-1 & 420 \\22&-0 & 99999887777665 \\36&-0 & 44322111111000 \\(14)&0 & 01122233333344 \\25&0 & 66678889999 \\14&1 & 0022222334 \\4&1 & 56 \\2&2 & 03\end{array}\end{array}$$

Question 66

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
A modal class is the class with the largest number of observations.

Question 67

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
A relative frequency distribution describes the proportion of data values that fall within each category.

Question 68

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
The advantage of a stem-and-leaf display over a histogram is that we can see the actual observations.

Question 69

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
When a distribution has more values to the right and tails to the left, we say it is skewed negatively.

Question 70

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
The original observations cannot be determined once they are grouped into a frequency distribution.

Question 71

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
The sum of cumulative relative frequencies always equals 1.

Question 72

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND

-According to the stem-and-leaf plot below, this data set is symmetric. $$\begin{array}{l}\text { Stem-and-leaf of P/E ratio; } N = 10\\\text { Leaf Unit } = \text { 0.10 } \\\begin{array}{lll}2 & -1 & 53 \\4 & -0 & 97 \\(2) & -0 & 65 \\4 & 0 & 3 \\3 & 0 & 6 \\2 & 1 & 3 \\1 & 1 & 8\end{array}\end{array}$$

Question 73

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
The sum of relative frequencies in a distribution always equals 1.

Question 74

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
The number of class intervals in a histogram depends on the number of observations in the data set.

Question 75

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
A stem-and-leaf display reveals more information about the original data than does a histogram.

Question 76

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
Experience shows that few students hand in their statistics exams early; most prefer to hand them in near the end of the test period. This means the time taken by students to write exams is positively skewed.

Question 77

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
When a distribution has more values to the left and tails off to the right, it is skewed negatively.

Question 78

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
A histogram represents interval data.

Question 79

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
A skewed histogram is one with a long tail extending either to the right or left.

Question 80

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Data are collected on the number of house calls (x) made in a given week by each of 60 nurses in a certain hospital. The same data set is displayed in each of the three histograms below. NARREND
A cumulative relative frequency distribution lists the number of observations that lie below each of the class limits.