Deck 33: Digestive System Tumors

Question 1

2)A three-field technique using hinge angles of 120 degrees can be used in the treatment of which cancer?

A) Esophageal
B) Gastric
C) Rectal
D) Hepatic

Answer 1

A
A variety of off-cord field arrangements can be used, depending on the location of the tumor.The most common field arrangements are oblique and lateral radiation portals.Many institutions use a three-field approach: an anterior field and two posterior-wedged obliques, especially for lesions of the thoracic esophagus.

Question 2

7)The vermiform appendix is most closely associated with which portion of the digestive tract?

A) Ileum
B) Cecum
C) Duodenum
D) Rectum

Answer 2

B

Question 3

20)Radiation treatment fields for the distal esophagus typically include which of the following lymph nodes?

A) Supraclavicular
B) Celiac axis
C) Common iliac
D) Hypogastric

Answer 3

B
Regional spread to draining lymphatics is a common early presentation and must be taken into consideration in the design of the radiation field.The cervical, supraclavicular, mediastinal, and subdiaphragmatic (celiac axis)lymph node regions are at risk.The degree to which these nodal groups are at risk depends on the location of the primary tumor.Supraclavicular nodes are involved more often with a proximal lesion than a distal lesion.

Question 4

1)At what age should a person of average risk have his or her first screening colonoscopy?

A) 30
B) 40
C) 50
D) 60

Question 5

15)Which of the following cancer sites can be treated with endocavitary radiation therapy?

A) Esophagus
B) Stomach
C) Rectum
D) Liver

Question 6

12)Which of the following cancers is most common in the United States?

A) Esophagus
B) Stomach
C) Liver
D) Colorectal

Question 7

17)What are the growths that arise from the mucosal lining and protrude into the lumen of the bowel?

A) Adenomatous polyps
B) Achalasia
C) Hematochezia
D) Tenesmus

Question 8

16)Which of the following methods may reduce the dose to the small bowel during radiation therapy?
I)Supine positioning
II)Prone positioning
III)Full bladder
IV)Empty bladder

A) I and III
B) I and IV
C) II and III
D) II and IV

Question 9

3)Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal syndrome (HNPCC)are most closely associated with which type of cancer?

A) Esophageal
B) Pancreatic
C) Colorectal
D) Anal

Question 10

14)Which of the following is not a risk factor for anal cancer?

A) Diet
B) Human papillomavirus
C) Anal intercourse
D) Immunosuppression

Question 11

19)What condition is most closely associated with adenomatous polyposis?

A) Barrett esophagus
B) Gardner syndrome
C) Plummer-Vinson syndrome
D) Tenesmus

Question 12

10)What is the most common histologic type of cancers that occur in the lower third of the esophagus?

A) Adenocarcinoma
B) Transitional cell carcinoma
C) Squamous cell carcinoma
D) Renal cell carcinoma

Question 13

6)The Whipple is a surgical procedure associated with cancer of which organ?

A) Pancreas
B) Esophagus
C) Stomach
D) Colon

Question 14

9)What is the dose-limiting structure of most concern for radiation treatments of the esophagus?

A) Normal esophagus
B) Heart
C) Spinal cord
D) Trachea

Question 15

11)What substance is responsible for the brown color of feces?

A) Bilirubin
B) E.coli
C) Pepsin
D) Undigested food

Question 16

8)What is the dose-limiting structure of most concern for radiation treatments of colorectal cancers?

A) Spinal cord
B) Bladder
C) Normal colon
D) Small bowel

Question 17

5)What is the treatment of choice for most anal cancers?
I)Surgery
II)Chemotherapy
III)Radiation therapy

A) I only
B) III only
C) I and II
D) II and III
E) I, II, and III

Question 18

4)Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)is associated with cancer of which anatomic region?

A) Esophagus
B) Stomach
C) Liver
D) Colon

Question 19

13)Which of the following cancers has the highest incidence of cancer-related deaths in the United States?

A) Esophagus
B) Stomach
C) Colorectal
D) Anal

Question 20

18)What condition is most closely associated with gastroesophageal reflux?

A) Barrett esophagus
B) Gardner syndrome
C) Plummer-Vinson syndrome
D) Tenesmus

Question 21

23)A dose-limiting organ of concern when planning treatment of the pancreas is the liver.The tolerance dose (TD 5/5)for the liver is ______ Gy.

A) 23
B) 35
C) 45
D) 55

Question 22

21)Which of the following is the region of the esophagus between thoracic vertebrae 5 and 8?

A) Upper thoracic
B) Middle thoracic
C) Lower thoracic
D) Gastroesophageal junction

Question 23

22)In which division of the esophagus does most esophageal tumors occur?

A) Upper third
B) Middle third
C) Lower third
D) Gastroesophageal junction

Question 24

24)The width of the anterior field in the treatment of rectal cancer should the iliac lymph nodes.Therefore, the lateral borders of this field should __________________.

A) include the entire width of the iliac crests
B) extend about 2 cm beyond the pelvic brim
C) extend about 2 cm beyond the sacral foramen
D) split the width of the obturator foramen