Question 1

In neonates and infants,drug absorption through the skin is:&#10;A) enhanced because the surface area to body weight is less than that of adults.&#10;B) enhanced because the surface area to body weight is greater than that of adults.&#10;C) reduced because the surface area to body weight is less than that of adults.&#10;D) reduced because the surface area to body weight is greater than that of adults.

Accepted Answer

Neonates and infants have a greater surface area to body weight ratio compared to adults, which enhances the absorption of drugs through their skin. This increased ratio means that any substance applied to the skin has a larger area through which it can be absorbed relative to the overall body mass, leading to potentially higher systemic absorption.

Question 2

Which of the following therapies would result in relatively lower plasma drug levels in neonates compared to an older child?&#10;A) Glucocorticoid treatment when the mother received this therapy during late pregnancy&#10;B) Topically administered therapy applied to the skin&#10;C) Orally administered penicillin G&#10;D) Treatment with a fat-soluble drug

Accepted Answer

Glucocorticoid treatment when the mother received this therapy during late pregnancy

Question 3

In paediatric settings,it is desirable to:&#10;A) leave medications on the bedside locker for later administration.&#10;B) use the vastus lateralis muscle for intramuscular injection.&#10;C) prepare medicines for injection in front of the child.&#10;D) advise the child that injections are painless.

Accepted Answer

The vastus lateralis muscle is recommended for intramuscular injections in paediatric patients because it is one of the largest and thickest muscles in the body and is located away from major nerves and blood vessels. This minimizes the risk of complications and discomfort for the child.

Answer: C
 It is important to involve the child in the medication administration process to foster trust and promote adherence to treatment. Preparing medicines in front of the child can help them feel more involved and informed about their care.

Therefore, the best choices are B and C.

Question 4

Compared to a young adult,which of the following tends to increase in the elderly?&#10;A) The rate of gastric emptying&#10;B) Plasma protein concentration&#10;C) Metabolic processes&#10;D) Adipose tissue levels

Accepted Answer

Adipose tissue levels tend to increase in the elderly due to changes in metabolism and physical activity levels, leading to a higher proportion of body fat.

Question 5

Paediatric drug dosage can be calculated by using the body surface area,age and bodyweight.

Accepted Answer

Paediatric drug dosage can be calculated using multiple methods, including body surface area, age and body weight. However, using body surface area is often considered the most accurate method for calculation.

Question 6

Compared to neonates,do the elderly have greater or diminished drug effects due to variation in the volume of body fluid?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compared to neonates,do the elderly have greater...

Question 7

Which of the following would assist in medication adherence for the older person?&#10;A) Simple medicine regimens&#10;B) Use of medication aids&#10;C) Improved communication&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

All of the above options would assist in medication adherence for the older person. Simple medicine regimens can make it easier for the person to remember to take their medication at the correct time. The use of medication aids such as pill organizers can also help by making it easy to keep track of which medication needs to be taken at certain times. Improved communication with healthcare professionals can help ensure that the older person fully understands the purpose of their medication and how to take it correctly. Combining all of these strategies can lead to better medication adherence for the older person.

Question 8

In geriatric settings,it is desirable to:&#10;A) arrange for all drugs to be dispensed to clients in childproof containers.&#10;B) administer all drugs to all clients so that they can concentrate on resting and getting better.&#10;C) encourage the client to learn about their medications prior to discharge.&#10;D) use the deltoid muscle for intramuscular injection in a client with muscle wasting.

Accepted Answer

Encouraging the client to learn about their medications prior to discharge helps promote medication adherence and safety, as well as empowers the client to take an active role in their healthcare. The other options are not necessarily desirable in geriatric settings; childproof containers may be difficult for some elderly clients to open and administering all drugs without allowing the client to self-administer may negatively impact their independence and autonomy. Using the deltoid muscle for IM injection may not be appropriate for a client with muscle wasting.

Deck 20: Paediatric and Geriatric Pharmacology