Question 1

What effect does the parasympathetic system have on the heart?&#10;A) Increases heart rate&#10;B) Decreases heart rate&#10;C) Causes vasodilation&#10;D) Increases the force of the heart

Accepted Answer

The parasympathetic system decreases heart rate by releasing acetylcholine which slows down the firing of the SA node, decreasing the heart rate.

Question 2

The parasympathetic division is activated in an emergency or stressful situation.

Accepted Answer

The parasympathetic division is responsible for rest and digestion, and is activated during times of relaxation and low stress levels. The sympathetic division is responsible for the fight or flight response and is activated during emergencies or stressful situations.

Question 3

Which of the following best characterizes the anatomic and physiological difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system?&#10;A) The sympathetic nervous system has short postganglionic fibres, while the parasympathetic nervous system has long postganglionic fibres.&#10;B) The sympathetic nervous system has ganglia located within a few cm of the CNS, while the parasympathetic nervous system ganglia is located close to the visceral organs served.&#10;C) The sympathetic nervous system originates from cranial nerves, while the parasympathetic nervous system originates from the lateral horn of grey matter of the spinal cord segments.&#10;D) The sympathetic nervous system has minimal degrees of branching of preganglionic fibres, while the parasympathetic nervous system has extensive degrees of branching of preganglionic fibres.

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system has ganglia located close to the CNS, while the parasympathetic nervous system has ganglia located close to the visceral organs served. This anatomical difference allows the sympathetic nervous system to provide widespread activation of organs and systems during the "fight or flight" response, while the parasympathetic nervous system can provide more localized and specific activation of organs for "rest and digest" functions. Option A is incorrect because it is the opposite, the sympathetic nervous system has long postganglionic fibres while the parasympathetic nervous system has short postganglionic fibres. Option C is incorrect because the parasympathetic nervous system originates from cranial nerves while the sympathetic nervous system originates from the lateral horn of grey matter of the spinal cord segments. Option D is incorrect because it is the opposite, the sympathetic nervous system has extensive degrees of branching of preganglionic fibres while the parasympathetic nervous system has minimal degrees of branching of preganglionic fibres.

Question 4

Which of the following neurotransmitters is involved in autonomic nervous system (ANS)function?&#10;A) Norepinephrine&#10;B) Vasopressin&#10;C) Acetylcholine&#10;D) Dobutamine

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following neurotransmitters is involved...

Question 5

Sympathetic stimulation would result in which one of the following sets of responses?&#10;A) Increased gastric juice secretion and increased heart rate&#10;B) Sweating, urinary retention, salivation and pupil dilation&#10;C) Increased gastrointestinal motility, pupil constriction, defecation and erection of genitalia&#10;D) Slowed heart rate, increased blood pressure, pupil constriction and pallor

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sympathetic stimulation would result in which one...

Deck 25: General Aspects of Neuropharmacology