Question 1

It is important to advise a person who is pregnant about the possible teratogenetic effects of antiemetics during the:&#10;A) first trimester of pregnancy.&#10;B) second trimester of pregnancy.&#10;C) third trimester of pregnancy.&#10;D) labour period.

Accepted Answer

The first trimester of pregnancy is the most critical period for embryo development, and exposure to teratogenetic agents during this period can lead to congenital malformations or developmental abnormalities. Therefore, it is crucial to advise pregnant women about the potential risks associated with the use of antiemetics during this period.

Question 2

A non-pharmacological treatment for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP)is:&#10;A) blue vein cheese.&#10;B) iced tea.&#10;C) ginger.&#10;D) eucalyptus.

Accepted Answer

Ginger has been shown to be an effective non-pharmacological treatment for NVP. It can be consumed in various forms, such as tea, supplements, or ginger ale, and has been shown to have minimal side effects. Other options listed are not supported by research as effective treatments for NVP.

Question 3

Which is true of the chemoreceptor trigger zone?&#10;A) It is situated inside the blood-brain barrier.&#10;B) It resides within the medulla.&#10;C) It is a sensory relay area.&#10;D) It controls vomiting but not nausea.

Accepted Answer

It is a sensory relay area.

Question 4

Which of the following antiemetics is a serotonin antagonist?&#10;A) Dimenhydrinate&#10;B) Metoclopramide&#10;C) Ondansetron&#10;D) Hyoscine

Accepted Answer

Ondansetron is a serotonin antagonist, which means it works by blocking serotonin receptors in the gastrointestinal tract and in the brain, thereby reducing nausea and vomiting. Dimenhydrinate is an antihistamine and anticholinergic that is used to prevent and treat motion sickness, while metoclopramide is a dopamine antagonist that is used to treat nausea and vomiting associated with various conditions such as migraine headaches, chemotherapy, and postoperative recovery. Hyoscine is an antimuscarinic drug that is used to treat motion sickness and nausea associated with gastrointestinal disorders.

Question 5

The coating of the gastric mucosa to protect it from acid and pepsin can be achieved with the use of:&#10;A) cimetidine.&#10;B) sucralfate.&#10;C) misoprostol.&#10;D) omeprazole.

Accepted Answer

Sucralfate is a cytoprotective agent that forms a protective barrier over the gastric mucosa, shielding it from the damaging effects of acid and pepsin. Cimetidine and omeprazole both reduce acid secretion, but they do not provide a protective coating to the gastric mucosa. Misoprostol stimulates mucus production and reduces acid secretion, but it can have significant side effects such as diarrhea and abdominal pain.

Question 6

Medication adherence can be affected by the frequency of administration of a medication regimen.Once-a-day regimens are likely to bring about better medication adherence than two- to three-times-a-day regimens.Which of the following setrons used in the treatment of chemically induced nausea and vomiting need to be administered two to three times a day?

A) Granisetron
B) Ondansetron
C) Tropisetron
D) Dolasetron

Accepted Answer

Ondansetron is the only setron medication among the options given that needs to be administered two to three times a day, which can potentially affect medication adherence.

Question 7

Which of the following antiemetic agents may cause extrapyramidal side effects?&#10;A) Prochlorperazine&#10;B) Domperidone&#10;C) Ondansetron&#10;D) Dolasetron

Accepted Answer

Prochlorperazine is an antipsychotic that has antiemetic properties, but it can also cause extrapyramidal side effects, such as involuntary muscle movements, tremors, and rigidity. Domperidone, ondansetron, and dolasetron are not associated with extrapyramidal side effects.

Question 8

Which of the following antiemetic agents requires the person to take appropriate measures to protect themselves from sunlight?&#10;A) Prochlorperazine&#10;B) Metoclopramide&#10;C) Domperidone&#10;D) Ondansetron

Accepted Answer

Prochlorperazine is a phenothiazine, which can increase sensitivity to sunlight or sunlamps. Therefore, individuals taking this medication should take appropriate measures to protect themselves from sunlight. Metoclopramide, domperidone, and ondansetron are not associated with increased sensitivity to sunlight.

Question 9

The advantage of domperidone over metoclopramide is that it:&#10;A) crosses the blood-brain barrier readily so it has more central side effects.&#10;B) doesn't readily cross the blood-brain barrier so it has fewer central side effects.&#10;C) crosses the blood-brain barrier readily so a smaller dose is required for the same antiemetic effects.&#10;D) is safe for pregnant women in the first trimester.

Accepted Answer

Domperidone does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier, which means it has fewer central side effects than metoclopramide. This is an advantage because central side effects of metoclopramide can include neurological symptoms such as tardive dyskinesia.

Question 10

Some antiemetics can cause extrapyramidal side effects such as oculogyric crisis.Which of the following medications would best treat those side effects?&#10;A) An antimuscarinic, benztropine&#10;B) A benzodiazapine, diazepam&#10;C) An antipsychotic, olanzapine&#10;D) A hypnotic, midazolam

Accepted Answer

Antimuscarinics such as benztropine are commonly used to treat extrapyramidal side effects caused by certain medications, including oculogyric crisis. Benzodiazepines such as diazepam may also be used to treat these symptoms, but antimuscarinics are generally the first-line treatment. Antipsychotics such as olanzapine and hypnotics such as midazolam are not typically used to treat extrapyramidal side effects.

Question 11

Which is the most effective drug in treating severe nausea associated with chemotherapy?&#10;A) Ondansetron&#10;B) Prochlorperazine&#10;C) Domperidone&#10;D) Cisapride

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which is the most effective drug in...

Deck 57: Antiemetic Agents