Question 1

A specific immune-related effect associated with glucocorticoid action is:&#10;A) destabilisation of T lymphocytes.&#10;B) increased protein synthesis.&#10;C) increase in neutrophil and macrophage response.&#10;D) reduction in the size and substance of the lymph nodes and spleen.

Accepted Answer

Glucocorticoids have immunosuppressive effects, one of which includes the reduction in the size and substance of lymphoid tissues such as the lymph nodes and spleen. This occurs because glucocorticoids can induce apoptosis in certain immune cells and reduce the proliferation of these cells, leading to a decrease in the overall mass of immune organs.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a long-acting corticosteroid?&#10;A) Dexamethasone&#10;B) Cortisone&#10;C) Prednisone&#10;D) Budesonide

Accepted Answer

Dexamethasone is a long-acting corticosteroid, while cortisone and prednisone are short to intermediate-acting, and budesonide is a medium-acting corticosteroid.

Question 3

When the oral dose exceeds &#9;mg daily of prednisolone or equivalent dose,the person will benefit from receiving gastric acid-suppressive therapy.&#10;A) 4&#10;B) 6&#10;C) 10&#10;D) 15

Accepted Answer

15

Question 4

Which of the following corticosteroids is classified as an intermediate-acting agent?&#10;A) Hydrocortisone&#10;B) Dexamethasone&#10;C) Prednisolone&#10;D) Betamethasone

Accepted Answer

Prednisolone is classified as an intermediate-acting corticosteroid, with a duration of action of 12-36 hours. Hydrocortisone is a short-acting corticosteroid, while dexamethasone and betamethasone are long-acting corticosteroids.

Question 5

A typical adverse effect profile of systemic corticosteroid therapy includes:&#10;A) hyperkalaemia, gynaecomastia, skin rashes and menstrual disruption.&#10;B) hot flushes, thromboembolism, leg cramps and gastrointestinal disturbances.&#10;C) nausea, breast tenderness, hypotension and hypoglycaemia.&#10;D) fluid retention, altered mood, altered blood pressure, hypokalaemia, hyperglycaemia and impaired wound healing.

Accepted Answer

The typical adverse effect profile of systemic corticosteroid therapy includes fluid retention, altered mood, altered blood pressure, hypokalaemia, hyperglycaemia, and impaired wound healing. Therefore, the best choice is D, as it includes all of these adverse effects. Choices A, B, and C do not accurately reflect the typical adverse effect profile of systemic corticosteroid therapy.

Question 6

Which one of the following effects is not associated with adrenocorticoid hormones?&#10;A) An increase in blood glucose levels&#10;B) Sodium and water retention&#10;C) The enhancement of immune processes&#10;D) The distribution of body hair

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticoid hormones are known to cause an increase in blood glucose levels (A), sodium and water retention (B), and the distribution of body hair (D). However, these hormones have suppressive effects on the immune system and are not known for enhancing immune processes (C).

Question 7

The glucocorticoids have a role in the therapy associated with:&#10;A) diabetes mellitus.&#10;B) osteoporosis.&#10;C) hypovolaemic shock.&#10;D) hypertension.

Accepted Answer

Glucocorticoids are used in the treatment of hypovolemic shock to help restore blood volume and pressure by enhancing vasoconstriction and improving cardiovascular responsiveness to catecholamines.

Question 8

During spironolactone therapy,the blood levels of ________ should be monitored.&#10;A) sodium&#10;B) potassium&#10;C) urea&#10;D) calcium

Accepted Answer

Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that can cause hyperkalemia (high levels of potassium in the blood). Therefore, monitoring blood potassium levels is necessary to adjust the dosage or discontinue the medication if deemed necessary. Monitoring sodium, urea, and calcium levels may also be important in some cases, but they are not as directly affected by spironolactone therapy as potassium levels.

Deck 62: Medicines Affecting the Adrenal Cortex