Deck 22: The Diversity of Plants

Question 1

Which of these is an advantage shared by early plants that invaded land?

A) Fewer predators
B) Increased sunlight availability
C) Increased support against gravity
D) A and B
E) All of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

To strengthen the conducting cells and help plants stand erect without water for them to float in, land plants developed

A) stomata.
B) a cuticle.
C) flowers.
D) vascular tissue.
E) lignin.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

The cells of a gametophyte are

A) diploid.
B) tetraploid.
C) triploid.
D) haploid.
E) unable to divide by mitosis.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Green algae are assumed to be ancestors of plants because

A) lignin is known to occur in some green algae.
B) green algae make chitin and laminarin.
C) green algae are almost exclusively marine.
D) the fossil ancestors have been discovered.
E) green algae make cellulose and starch.

Question 5

The plant kingdom contains all of the descendants of the common ancestor of its members. This kingdom therefore would be called a(n)

A) angiosperm.
B) sporophyte.
C) clade.
D) node.
E) stoma.

Question 6

On a trip to the beach, you find a multicellular organism whose cells have chloroplasts and cell walls. Based on this description, you know that the organism could be a brown alga, a red alga, a green alga, or a land plant washed into the ocean. The presence of which of the following would allow you to definitively identify this organism as a plant?

A) Multicellular embryo
B) Starch
C) Cellulose
D) Chlorophyll a
E) Alternation of generations

Question 7

To limit water loss, land plants developed

A) stomata.
B) a cuticle.
C) flowers.
D) vascular tissue.
E) lignin.

Question 8

In plants, the haploid, single- celled product of mitosis is a

A) sporophyte.
B) gametophyte.
C) zygote.
D) spore.
E) gamete.

Question 9

Which of the following supports the idea that land plants arose from green algae?

A) Both contain lignin in their cell walls.
B) Both utilize chlorophylls a and b.
C) Both are multicellular.
D) Both photosynthesize.
E) Green algae live in freshwater environments, and plants require fresh water.

Question 10

Pollen and seeds evolved in response to

A) seed predators.
B) living on dry land.
C) an increase in pollinators.
D) living in a moist environment.
E) the evolution of flowers.

Question 11

In plants, the haploid, multicellular organism is the

A) sporophyte.
B) gametophyte.
C) zygote.
D) spore.
E) gamete.

Question 12

The closest living relatives to plants are

A) red algae.
B) amoebas.
C) foraminferans.
D) ciliates.
E) stoneworts.

Question 13

In plants, the diploid, multicellular organism is the

A) sporophyte.
B) gametophyte.
C) zygote.
D) spore.
E) gamete.

Question 14

To control the movement of gases, land plants developed

A) stomata.
B) a cuticle.
C) flowers.
D) vascular tissue.
E) lignin.

Question 15

A fertilized egg is a

A) sporophyte.
B) gametophyte.
C) zygote.
D) spore.
E) gamete.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT one of the key adaptations to land shared by all land plants?

A) Protected embryos
B) Water transport by xylem
C) Stomata
D) Waxy cuticle
E) A means of taking up nutrients from the soil

Question 17

With respect to plant reproduction, there has been an evolutionary trend toward

A) greater seed production.
B) larger fruits.
C) increased pollen production.
D) sporophyte prominence.
E) smaller flowers.

Question 18

Specific cells of diploid sporophytes undergo meiosis to produce

A) haploid, single- celled spores.
B) a diploid, single- celled zygote.
C) diploid, multicellular spores.
D) haploid, single- celled gametes.
E) diploid, multicellular gametes.

Question 19

Both plants and green algae store food as

A) lignin.
B) chlorophyll.
C) starch.
D) lipids.
E) cellulose.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the function of flowers is TRUE?

A) They attract seed dispersers.
B) They attract pollinators.
C) They provide nutrients to the embryo.
D) They protect seeds until they are mature.
E) They aid in the dispersal of seeds.

Question 21

Which of the following are gymnosperms?

A) Cycads, conifers, and ferns
B) Conifers, ginkgos, and ferns
C) Ginkgos, conifers, and horsetails
D) Cycads, ginkgos, and ferns
E) Cycads, ginkgos, and conifers

Question 22

Which group of land plants is most restricted to moist environments?

A) Angiosperms
B) Bryophytes
C) Anthophyta
D) Tracheophytes
E) Vascular plants

Question 23

Why can't you buy fern seeds from a garden supply store?

A) Ferns do not produce seeds.
B) The seeds are too small to package.
C) The seeds are extremely rare.
D) Fern seeds do not survive long after they are produced.
E) Fern seeds must stay moist.

Question 24

In flowering plants, what is the relationship between the sporophyte and gametophyte?

A) The sporophyte is dominant, and the gametophyte is retained on the sporophyte.
B) Flowering plants do not produce gametophytes.
C) The sporophyte and gametophyte are independent of each other.
D) Flowering plants do not produce sporophytes.
E) The gametophyte is dominant, and the sporophyte is microscopic.

Question 25

Which of the following groups has been planted extensively along U.S. streets because of their resistance to pollution?

A) Ginkgos
B) Bryophytes
C) Cycads
D) Liverworts
E) Conifers

Question 26

Which of the following is a characteristic of nonvascular plants?

A) Extensive root system
B) Small size
C) Xylem and phloem
D) Stems and leaves
E) All of the above

Question 27

While walking along a streambed, you encounter a reedy seedless plant. Upon closer inspection, you determine that the stems contain large amounts of silica and have tiny scale- like leaves. This plant is most likely a

A) horsetail.
B) moss.
C) liverwort.
D) fern.
E) cycad.

Question 28

Which group of plants was the first to produce seeds?

A) Lycophytes
B) Gymnosperms
C) Angiosperms
D) Chlorophytes
E) Bryophytes

Question 29

Which group does NOT depend on water for reproduction?

A) Flowering plants
B) Bryophytes
C) Ferns
D) Algae
E) Club mosses

Question 30

While walking in a tropical forest, you come upon a 6- meter- tall plant that shows no evidence of seed production. The plant is most likely a(n)

A) angiosperm.
B) alga.
C) fern.
D) bryophyte.
E) gymnosperm.

Question 31

Which of the following groups is represented today by a single species?

A) Liverworts
B) Bryophytes
C) Cycads
D) Ginkgos
E) Conifers

Question 32

Which of the following are important reproductive adaptations that allow plants to inhabit terrestrial environments?

A) Flowers and leaves
B) Seeds and pollen
C) Gametophytes and sporophytes
D) Leaves and stems
E) Roots and leaves

Question 33

Which of the following weather conditions would you expect to have the greatest negative impact on the sexual reproduction of ferns and mosses?

A) The shade of a forest
B) Moderate temperatures and rainfall
C) Above- average temperatures for several days
D) Excessively dry for several days
E) Excessively wet and rainy

Question 34

Which evolutionary plant innovation eliminated the need for sperm to swim through water in order to fertilize an egg, resulting in plants being truly adapted for reproduction on land?

A) Roots
B) Fruit
C) Rhizoids
D) Independent gametophyte
E) Pollen

Question 35

How do ferns differ from other seedless vascular plants?

A) The sporophyte is dominant.
B) Their flowers are microscopic.
C) They lack xylem.
D) Their sperm are flagellated.
E) They have broad leaves.

Question 36

What group dominated the Carboniferous period and is now burned as coal?

A) Seedless vascular plants
B) Angiosperms
C) Cycads
D) Algae
E) Conifers

Question 37

If you were hiking and wanted to show off your understanding of the differences between gymnosperms and angiosperms, what characteristics could you see with your naked eye that would help you impress your friends?

A) Size of the male gametophyte
B) Presence or lack of spores
C) Presence or lack of vascular tissues
D) Presence or lack of seeds
E) Flowers or cones

Question 38

Bryophytes absorb water and nutrients through

A) mycorrhizae.
B) roots.
C) rhizoids.
D) rhizomes.
E) tracheophytes.

Question 39

Why are mosses and liverworts dependent on water for reproduction?

A) Eggs are passively transported to sperm by water.
B) Egg and sperm production occurs only when the plants are immersed in water.
C) Sperm must swim through water to reach and fertilize eggs.
D) Sperm are passively transported to eggs by water.
E) Eggs and sperm are released into water and then unite.

Question 40

You discover a new species of plant in a tropical rain forest. You observe that it has flagellated sperm and the sporophyte emerges from the gametophyte; however, seeds and xylem tissue is lacking. This plant is probably a(n)

A) bryophyte.
B) alga.
C) gymnosperm.
D) angiosperm.
E) fern.

Question 41

A complete lack of vascular tissue is characteristic of

A) mosses.
B) ferns.
C) angiosperms.
D) ginkgos.
E) cycads.

Question 42

Plants provide us with a variety of goods. Which of the following is NOT provided by plants?

A) Nylon
B) Wood
C) Cotton
D) Pleasure
E) Cooking oil

Question 43

Roses are classified as

A) angiosperms.
B) bryophytes.
C) seedless vascular plants.
D) gymnosperms.
E) ferns.

Question 44

Horsetails are classified as

A) angiosperms.
B) bryophytes.
C) seedless vascular plants.
D) gymnosperms.
E) ferns.

Question 45

Why might a seed be covered in prickly hooks?

A) To keep it from being eaten
B) To aid in seed dispersal
C) To attract insects
D) To allow it to float on water
E) To help the seed germinate

Question 46

Which of the following is most likely to be successful and thrive in a desert ecosystem?

A) Fern
B) Green alga
C) Angiosperm
D) Conifer
E) Horsetail

Question 47

Which of the following relies on the wind for pollination?

A) Tulip
B) Pine tree
C) Gardenia
D) Stinking corpse lily
E) Magnolia tree

Question 48

Gnetophytes are

A) angiosperms.
B) bryophytes.
C) ferns.
D) seedless vascular plants.
E) nonflowering seed plants.

Question 49

Which of the following is a plant- derived heart medication?

A) Vinblastine
B) Taxol
C) Digoxin
D) Codeine
E) Morphine

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT an ecological service performed by plants?

A) Increase soil humidity
B) Help create and maintain soil
C) Capture solar energy
D) Reduce erosion by wind and water
E) Produce oxygen as a by- product of photosynthesis

Question 51

Pollen production by the anthers of a flower is characteristic of

A) angiosperms.
B) mosses.
C) ginkgos.
D) conifers.
E) ferns.

Question 52

Ginkgos are classified as

A) angiosperms.
B) bryophytes.
C) seedless vascular plants.
D) gymnosperms.
E) ferns.

Question 53

Cycads are classified as

A) angiosperms.
B) bryophytes.
C) seedless vascular plants.
D) gymnosperms.
E) ferns.

Question 54

Fruit production requires precious resources. What important benefit does fruit provide?

A) Feeds the embryo
B) Keeps the seed moist
C) Prevents consumption of enclosed seeds
D) Attracts pollen eaters
E) Is a means of seed dispersal

Question 55

Most gymnosperms are pollinated by

A) lizards.
B) birds.
C) insects.
D) wind.
E) shrews.

Question 56

Which of the following is technically NOT a fruit?

A) Pumpkin
B) Green pepper
C) Cucumber
D) Lettuce
E) Tomato

Question 57

What major adaptations contributed to the success of the angiosperms?

A) Broad leaves
B) Flowers and fruits
C) Sap containing "antifreeze"
D) A and B
E) A and C

Question 58

In angiosperms, what is the male gametophyte?

A) Pollen
B) Sperm
C) A flower
D) A seed
E) The anther

Question 59

A fruit is a

A) seed.
B) mature ovule.
C) plant embryo.
D) female gametophyte.
E) mature ovary.

Question 60

You've stumbled upon a thick mat of moss in the woods. Upon closer inspection, you observe sporophytes emerging from the gametophytes. From your previous biology course, you know that the sporophyte is attached to a(n)

A) flower.
B) antheridium.
C) embryo sac.
D) female cone.
E) archegonium.

Question 61

Mosses produce large amounts of pollen.

Question 62

Gametophytes are multicellular plants that develop from reproductive cells called .

Question 63

Cycads attract pollinators with large, fragrant flowers.

Question 64

The characteristic that sets plants apart from photosynthetic protists is the multicellular, dependent embryo.

Question 65

Fruits are a method of pollen dispersal.

Question 66

You find a multicellular, eukaryotic organism that carries out photosynthesis and produces dependent embryos. It is classified as a(n) .

Question 67

Club mosses and horsetails have vascular tissue.

Question 68

Plants produce _ _ by mitosis and by meiosis.

Question 69

The generation of a plant is haploid.

Question 70

The cuticle of leaves and stems is one modification that enabled plants to move onto land.

Question 71

Plants increase the rate at which water leaves terrestrial ecosystems.

Question 72

Some flowers are pollinated by bats.

Question 73

The generation of a plant is diploid.

Question 74

The only seedless vascular plants with broad leaves are ferns.

Question 75

One function of the plant cuticle is to increase water uptake by roots.

Question 76

The haploid generation of a plant is called the sporophyte.

Question 77

In nonvascular plants, sperm are formed in the archegonia by meiosis.

Question 78

Plants remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

Question 79

Seeds allowed plants to colonize dry land.

Question 80

In nonvascular plants, sperm are formed in antheridia by mitosis.