Deck 20: Nursing Care of Patients With Hiv Disease and Aids

Question 1

The nurse is providing care to a patient who has had diagnostic testing for HIV. Which test should the nurse review to monitor the response to antiretroviral therapy?

A)Western blot
B)Viral load testing
C)P24 antigen testing
D)Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Answer 1

Viral load testing

Question 2

The nurse is teaching a group of older adults about prevention of HIV. Which statement made by the patient indicates an understanding of the teaching?

A)"I will use a condom with each sexual contact."
B)"I can share a needle with my friend when shooting up."
C)"After 50, it is no longer necessary to get tested for HIV."
D)"I have only had three partners, so it would be hard for me to get HIV."

Answer 2

"I will use a condom with each sexual contact."

Question 3

A patient asks, "What is the main purpose of these medications I take for my HIV?" Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?

A)"They encapsulate the virus-infected cells."
B)"They mark the virus for natural killer cells to destroy."
C)"They attract macrophages to the cells making the virus."
D)"They inhibit enzymes to interfere with viral production."

Answer 3

"They inhibit enzymes to interfere with viral production."

Question 4

The licensed practical nurse/licensed vocational nurse (LPN/LVN) is watching a nursing student administer medications to a patient with HIV. Which action by the student requires correction by the nurse?

A)The student recaps the needle and places it in the sharps container.
B)The student uses a needleless system to administer the medication.
C)The student wears gloves when administering the medication.
D)The student washes her hands before and after administering the medication.

Question 5

The nurse is caring for a patient with cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis. The nurse should plan to teach the patient about which medication?

A)Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
B)Ethambutol (Myambutol)
C)Amphotericin B (Fungizone)
D)Ganciclovir (Cytovene)

Question 6

The nurse is contributing to a teaching plan. What should the nurse emphasize as being the most effective method known to control the spread of HIV infection?

A)Premarital serological screening
B)Prophylactic exposure treatment
C)HIV screening for pregnant women
D)Education about preventive behaviors

Question 7

The nurse is reviewing the CD4 count results of a patient with AIDS. What can the nurse expect to find?

A)A CD4 count of 800/µL
B)A CD4 count of 500/µL
C)A CD4 count of 300/µL
D)A CD4 count of 100/µL

Question 8

The nurse is caring for a group of patients with HIV. Which patient is at highest risk for developing CMV?

A)A patient who works on a farm
B)An individual who works in a homeless shelter
C)A patient who works in a day care
D)A patient who works as a gardener

Question 9

The nurse is reviewing the use of a condom to prevent the transmission of HIV with a young adult patient seeking testing for HIV. Which patient statement indicates an understanding of how to use a condom?

A)Use a non-latex condom.
B)Apply adequate oil-based lubricant.
C)Apply condom before penile erection occurs.
D)Withdraw from partner while the penis is erect.

Question 10

The nurse is caring for a group of patients. Which patient is at highest risk for contracting HIV?

A)A 30-year-old IV drug user who is part of a clean needle program
B)A 40-year-old male who is in a monogamous relationship
C)A 50-year-old nurse at a health department who administers multiple vaccines
D)A 60-year-old homosexual male who has had two partners

Question 11

The nurse is preparing to teach a group of patients about the pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent HIV transmission. The nurse should plan to teach the group about which medication?

A)Delavirdine mesylate (Rescriptor)
B)Abacavir sulfate/lamivudine (Epzicom)
C)Emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil (Truvada)
D)Fosamprenavir calcium (Lexiva)

Question 12

A patient who has HIV asks the nurse why blood work has to be done so frequently. Which response should the nurse make to the patient?

A)"B-lymphocyte levels increase if you have an acute infection."
B)"Phagocytes are decreased when the disease is in an active phase."
C)"Neutrophil counts help the doctor titrate medication levels to keep you healthy."
D)"CD4+ lymphocyte counts are monitored to determine the progression of the disease."

Question 13

A health care worker is exposed to blood from a patient who has HIV. What action should the worker take after the exposure?

A)Apply alcohol to the site.
B)Cleanse the site with soap and water.
C)Flush the site with hot running water.
D)Apply a topical antibiotic to the site.

Question 14

The nurse is caring for a patient in the symptomatic stage of HIV. Which clinical manifestations can the nurse expect to document? (Select all that apply.)

A)Constipation
B)Night sweats
C)Fever
D)Weight gain
E)Shortness of breath

Question 15

The nurse is teaching a patient about antiretroviral therapy. Which statement made by the patient indicates an understanding of the teaching?

A)"If I feel sick from the medication, I need to stop taking it."
B)"I will most likely take one medication daily."
C)"I should set an alarm so I remember to take my pills."
D)"I can't infect anybody while I'm taking medications."

Question 16

The nurse is caring for a patient receiving abacavir sulfate (Ziagen). For which complication should the nurse monitor the patient?

A)Breathing difficulty
B)Flu-like symptoms
C)Elevated blood glucose
D)Pancreatitis

Question 17

The nurse is preparing to care for a patient who is HIV positive. Which action should the nurse take when following standard precautions for protection from HIV exposure?

A)Put on gloves before touching body fluids.
B)Recap intramuscular needles after injection.
C)Wash own open skin lesion after providing care.
D)Remove one finger on a glove during venipuncture.

Question 18

A patient diagnosed with HIV asks the nurse how soon the virus can be transmitted to others. Which time frame should the nurse inform the patient?

A)2 to 4 weeks
B)6 to 8 weeks
C)10 to 12 weeks
D)14 to 16 weeks

Question 19

The nurse is caring for a patient with AIDS who develops oral candidiasis. Which action should the nurse take?

A)Encourage the patient to rinse with an antiseptic mouth wash.
B)Administer penicillin as ordered.
C)Encourage the patient to use a soft toothbrush.
D)Encourage the patient to eat spicy foods.

Question 20

The nurse has been discussing actions to prevent AIDS-related wasting syndrome with a patient being treated for AIDS. Which patient statements indicate an understanding of this teaching? (Select all that apply.)

A)Eat a low-residue diet.
B)Drink liquids before meals.
C)Enjoy food odors to stimulate appetite.
D)Numb painful oral sores with ice or popsicles.
E)Eat three high-calorie, high-protein meals a day, plus snacks. 6.Increase consumption of caffeine-containing foods and fluids.

Question 21

While collecting admission data, the nurse suspects a patient with AIDS is experiencing an HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder. What observations did the nurse make to come to this conclusion? (Select all that apply.)

A)Audible bowel sounds
B)Inappropriate laughter
C)Inability to state home address
D)Knee buckling while walking
E)Asking if the bugs could be removed from the walls

Question 22

The nurse is administering fluconazole (Diflucan) 100 mg in 50 mL of normal saline to run over 30 minutes using a 30 gtt/mL drop factor. Calculate the flow rate. Round to the nearest whole number. Enter the numeral only.

Question 23

The nurse is preparing to administer acyclovir (Zovirax) to a patient with HIV who also has a diagnosis of herpes zoster. The prescribed dose is 10 mg/kg to a patient who weighs 60 kg. Available are 200-mg tablets. How many tablets will the nurse administer?

Question 24

Place in order, from 1 to 7, the steps of the HIV replication process.

A)____ After fusion, the HIV capsid is released into the host cell.
B)____ Packaging of HIV RNA and IV proteins within a viral envelope created from part of the cell membrane occurs.
C)____ Immature, noninfectious HIV buds from the host cell.
D)____ HIV uses the machinery of the host cell to replicate long chains of HIV proteins for building more HIV.
E)____ Attachment to the CD4 receptor of the host cell occurs.
F)____ Binding leads to fusion of the HIV envelope and host cell membrane.
G)____ HIV releases integrase, which incorporates its HIV DNA into the host cell's DNA.

Question 25

The nurse is teaching a group of individuals about HIV prevention. Which statements indicate an understanding of the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

A)"I wear gloves to protect my hands during genital contact."
B)"My friends share needles only once after each injection."
C)"I take birth control, so I am safe from contracting HIV."
D)"My sister is pregnant, so she should get tested for HIV."
E)"I have HIV, so I should take the PrEP for prophylaxis." 6."Condoms are the number-one way to prevent sexually transmitted HIV."

Question 26

A patient with AIDS is prescribed the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor lamivudine (Epivir). What information should the nurse ensure that the patient receives about this medication? (Select all that apply.)

A)Report any onset of bleeding.
B)Report any yellowing of the skin.
C)Report any change in urine output.
D)Report any flu-like symptoms.
E)Report any numbness or tingling of the hands or feet.