Question 1

Statistical power can be defined as:&#10;A)the strength of the effect that you observe in your research&#10;B)the ability of a study to reject a false null hypothesis&#10;C)the value of the p-value that you get from your inferential statistical test&#10;D)all of the above

Accepted Answer

Statistical power is the probability that a study will reject a false null hypothesis, meaning it can detect an effect if there is one to be detected.

Question 2

If you have a probability of 3 in 15 what is this expressed as a percentage?&#10;A)3%&#10;B)15%&#10;C)20%&#10;D)30%

Accepted Answer

To convert a probability into a percentage, you divide the numerator by the denominator and then multiply by 100. So, $ \frac{3}{15} \times 100 = 20\%$.

Question 3

Which of the following involves random sampling?&#10;A)Snowball sampling&#10;B)Volunteer sampling&#10;C)Opportunity sampling&#10;D)None of the above

Accepted Answer

None of the options listed (A: Snowball sampling, B: Volunteer sampling, C: Opportunity sampling) involve random sampling. Each of these methods involves non-random selection of participants.

Question 4

What type of distribution is represented in the following histogram?  &#10;A)A negatively skewed distribution&#10;B)A positively skewed distribution&#10;C)A bimodal distribution&#10;D)A normal distribution

Accepted Answer

The answer of What type of distribution is represented in...

Question 5

If you reject the null hypothesis when it is in fact true in the population, then what type of error have you made?&#10;A)A Type I error&#10;B)A Type II error&#10;C)A calculation error&#10;D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you reject the null hypothesis when...

Question 6

describe populations whereas describe samples:&#10;A)People, researchers&#10;B)Statistics, parameters&#10;C)Parameters, statistics&#10;D)Researchers, people

Accepted Answer

Parameters describe populations, while statistics describe samples. Parameters are summary measures that describe an entire population, and statistics are summary measures that describe a sample, which is a subset of the population.

Question 7

Which of these has a probability of 0.167?&#10;A)Rolling an even number on a die&#10;B)Rolling an odd number on a die&#10;C)Rolling a number greater than 4 on a die&#10;D)Rolling a 6 on a die

Accepted Answer

Rolling a 6 on a die has a probability of 1/6, which is equal to 0.167, since there is only one 6 on a standard six-sided die.

Question 8

Which of the following make assumptions about the distributions in populations?&#10;A)Inferential tests&#10;B)Parametric tests&#10;C)Non-parametric tests&#10;D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

Parametric tests assume that the data follows a certain distribution, typically a normal distribution. Non-parametric tests do not make such assumptions, and inferential tests is a broad category that includes both parametric and non-parametric tests.

Question 9

What happens to sampling error when you randomly select larger samples?&#10;A)It increases&#10;B)It disappears altogether&#10;C)It decreases&#10;D)It becomes negligible

Accepted Answer

Sampling error decreases as the sample size increases because a larger sample is more likely to closely represent the population, reducing the discrepancy between the sample and the population characteristics.

Question 10

If you have a score of 16 from a sample with a mean of 12 and a standard deviation of 2 then what would be the z-score?&#10;A)-2&#10;B)-1&#10;C)1&#10;D)2

Accepted Answer

The z-score is calculated by subtracting the mean from the score and then dividing by the standard deviation: $z = \frac{(score - mean)}{standard deviation} = \frac{(16 - 12)}{2} = \frac{4}{2} = 2$.

Question 11

Snowball sampling has which of the following characteristics?&#10;A)Randomly selecting people from a population&#10;B)Relying on people to volunteer to participate&#10;C)Relying on referrals from people who have already taken part in a study&#10;D)None of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Snowball sampling has which of the following...

Question 12

Which of the following is a one-tailed hypothesis?&#10;A)There will be a difference between smokers and non-smokers in breathlessness&#10;B)There will be a relationship between numbers of cigarettes smoked and degree of breathlessness&#10;C)As the number of cigarettes smoked increases, then so will rating of breathlessness&#10;D)None of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a one-tailed...

Deck 3: The Basis of Statistical Testing