Deck 10: Early Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

Question 1

Isabelle is not sure if the sensation she is having is Braxton-Hicks contractions or actual labor contractions. Her obstetrician tells her that labor contractions are painful, regular, and

A) a sign that the fetus will be born within 6 hours.
B) a sign that a Cesarean-section will be necessary.
C) will become less intense as the labor process continues.
D) can be intensified by walking.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The fetus may signal the mother when it is ready to be born by

A) secreting hormones from its adrenal and pituitary glands.
B) releasing oxytocin from its brain.
C) secreting pitocin from its endocrine system.
D) increasing its "fluttering" behaviors.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Approximately one baby out of seven born one month early will suffer respiratory distress syndrome.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What are "Braxton-Hicks" contractions?

A) Contractions that signal the beginning of the delivery process
B) False labor contractions that can begin as early as the sixth month of pregnancy
C) Contractions that signal that the birth will be premature
D) Contractions the baby makes because of having the hiccups

Question 5

Oxygen deprivation during delivery is associated with early-onset schizophrenia.

Question 6

Neonates can best see objects that are about 2 to 4 inches away from their eyes.

Question 7

Uterine contractions efface and dilate the cervix during the second stage of childbirth.

Question 8

What happens in early in the last month of pregnancy?

A) Lightening decreases pressure on the diaphragm.
B) Mucus tissues from the cervix solidifies.
C) The placenta is absorbed into the mother's body.
D) The placenta and uterus secret oxytocin.

Question 9

A baby who is low in birth weight but full term is said to be small-for-date.

Question 10

In the Children's Hospital Boston study, researchers found that the frontal lobes of the babies who died from SIDS were less sensitive to the brain chemical serotonin.

Question 11

Parents of preterm infants generally show them increased care and affection in comparison with full-term infants.

Question 12

Neonates are more likely to respond to high-pitched sounds than low-pitched sounds.

Question 13

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is the most common cause of death during the first year, and most of these deaths occur between 2 and 5 months of age.

Question 14

The rates of C-section have increased partly as a result of the development of fetal monitors.

Question 15

General anesthesia strengthens uterine contractions and increases the responsiveness of the neonate.

Question 16

Maternal postpartum depression is found around the world.

Question 17

Lightening, or dropping, is the process during which

A) the placenta is expelled from the mother's body.
B) the head of the fetus settles down in the pelvis.
C) the fetus moves through the birth canal.
D) anesthesia is administered to the mother.

Question 18

Preterm babies spend more of their time in REM sleep than do full-term babies.

Question 19

It is critical that parents have contact with their infants in the first few hours after birth if attachment is to occur.

Question 20

The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS) is used with infants suspected of exposure to parental substance abuse.

Question 21

A vacuum extraction tube

A) is an instrument used to perform episiotomies.
B) slows down the labor process.
C) is a curved instrument that fits around the fetus's head and allows for fetal extraction.
D) relies on suction to pull the fetus through the birth canal.

Question 22

Brenda is in the second stage of labor. What is the BEST predictor of whether her doctor will perform an episiotomy?

A) The length of time Brenda has been in labor
B) Whether Brenda's baby is in distress
C) Whether the doctor usually performs an episiotomy
D) Whether or not Brenda has decided to use anesthesia

Question 23

When Amina is in the first stage of childbirth, her Obstetrician straps an electronic sensing device around her abdomen. What is this device for?

A) Measuring strength and duration of the mother's contractions as well a fetal heart rate
B) Monitoring the amount of prostaglandins in the mother
C) Measuring the amount of anesthesia in the mother
D) Indicating the progress of the baby through the birth canal

Question 24

After considering all her options for childbirth, Lisa chooses the most common birthing method in the United States. What is it?

A) Delivery at a hospital
B) Use of a midwife at home
C) It depends upon the race and ethnic background of the mother.
D) It depends upon the age of the mother.

Question 25

Contractions strong enough to expel the baby are caused by

A) the weight of the child.
B) the release of oxytocin from the mother's pituitary gland.
C) the secretion of hormones by the adrenal and pituitary glands of the fetus.
D) changes in the heart rate and brain activities of the fetus.

Question 26

Neeta is in labor. Her doctors tell her that they will have to use either forceps or a vacuum extraction tube to help deliver her baby. Which situation calls for the use of such instruments?

A) Extremely strong contractions, which may harm the fetus
B) When contractions stop and can't be restarted by using oxytocin or Pitocin
C) When the fetus is in distress
D) When the head of the fetus has crowned

Question 27

Which of the following is characteristic of the first stage of childbirth?

A) The fetus emerging from the birth canal
B) The cervix becoming dilated and effaced
C) Braxton-Hicks contractions
D) Delivery of the placenta

Question 28

A midwife tells her patient that the fetus has "crowned." What does this mean?

A) The fetus has turned and is now head down in the uterus.
B) The fetus's head has started to emerge from the birth canal
C) The fetus is being born feet first
D) The fetus is positioned sideways in the uterus

Question 29

A new mother wants to show her parents their new twin grandchildren. She says, "Come to the nursery to see the new babies!" She could have also used the word to describe the newborns.

A) neonates
B) zygotes
C) fetuses
D) embryos

Question 30

A woman is considered ready to deliver a fetus

A) when she begins having Braxton-Hicks contractions.
B) when the cervix is effaced and dilated to 10 centimeters.
C) as soon as the amniotic sac has ruptured.
D) when she reaches stage 3 of childbirth.

Question 31

Which of the following procedures happens at the end of the second stage of childbirth?

A) The baby is given an injection of vitamin C.
B) The umbilical cord is clamped and severed.
C) The baby is held upside down and slapped on the buttocks.
D) The baby will begin crowning.

Question 32

What is known about episiotomy?

A) It is an essential part of the delivery process.
B) It is more common with second and later pregnancies.
C) It is controversial and not always practiced.
D) It is never necessary and should never be used.

Question 33

Bridgette is having contractions that are powerful, frequent, and regular. She will likely be advised by her health professional to go to a hospital or birthing center when the contractions are how far apart?

A) 20 to 30 seconds
B) 2 to 3 minutes
C) 4 to 5 minutes
D) 10 to 20 minutes

Question 34

When is an episiotomy MOST likely to be performed?

A) During the firststage of the birthing process
B) When the infant is too large to be born without tearing
C) If the fetal heartbeat drops even briefly
D) When the insurance company will pay for the procedure

Question 35

To aid the newborn Shelly's breathing,

A) she is slapped on the buttocks.
B) she is held upside down to expel mucus.
C) suction is used to remove mucus from her mouth.
D) she is given an episiotomy.

Question 36

If the birthing process has gone through "transition," what do we know?

A) The cervix is effaced and dilated to 5 centimeters.
B) The woman is now entering the thirdstage of the birth process.
C) The fetus is moving into the birth canal.
D) Contractions are now occurring no more than 8 minutes apart.

Question 37

Once the child is born, various procedures are performed on the infant, including foot printing, putting antibiotic ointment in the eyes to prevent infection, and giving the baby an injection of vitamin K to

A) increase the heart rate.
B) enhance independent breathing.
C) help the blood clot properly if the newborn bleeds.
D) induce sleep.

Question 38

While Maria's just-born baby is getting an identification bracelet, eye drops, and a vitamin K shot, what is going on in the third stage of childbirth for Maria?

A) She is being administered more anesthesia.
B) The placenta and fetal membranes are expelled.
C) She is being released from the hospital.
D) Similar to her infant, Maria is also being given a vitamin K shot.

Question 39

In his Child Development class, Alex learns that childbirth happens in stages.

A) one
B) three
C) four
D) six

Question 40

The second stage of childbirth

A) ends when the woman is ready to "push" during contractions.
B) ends with the birth of the fetus.
C) usually lasts only a few seconds.
D) ends when the placenta is delivered.

Question 41

Since 1996, the number of Cesarean births in the United States has increased from to (based on 2011 figures).

A) 5%; 23%
B) 10%; 23%
C) 21%; 33%
D) 33%; 49%

Question 42

Which of the following is TRUE about research on the long-term effects of medications given to the mother during delivery?

A) It is clear that they permanently damage the newborn.
B) There is no compelling evidence that they impact the newborn negatively long-term.
C) It is unclear how much they impact the newborn.
D) The effects appear to depend upon the age of the mother.

Question 43

What psychological impact does support from a coach, mother, sibling, or friend have on the birthing process?

A) Research shows it has no psychological impact.
B) It may make the woman feel that she is less in control of what is happening.
C) It creates a hypnotic state that numbs the woman from experiencing pain.
D) The woman receives more social support during the birth.

Question 44

A neonate has decreased attentiveness and is less socially responsive than would be expected. Which of the following may have occurred?

A) The mother experienced a shorter than normal labor.
B) The mother was given general anesthesia during the birth.
C) The mother drank alcohol during pregnancy.
D) The mother smoked during pregnancy.

Question 45

When the French obstetrician, Fernand Lamaze, visited Russia, he found that many Russian women to reduce pain during childbirth.

A) used general anesthesia
B) gave birth at home
C) walked around during the early stages of labor
D) used breathing and relaxation exercises

Question 46

If an HIV-infected mother wants to reduce the risk of transmitting HIV to her baby,

A) she should elect for a Cesarean delivery.
B) she should elect for a vaginal delivery.
C) she should not use any anesthetics.
D) she should ask for an infusion of immunoglobulin during the first trimester of the pregnancy.

Question 47

Hypnobirthing "puts the mother in charge" and encourages her to

A) use a coach.
B) focus on relaxing scenes and decrease muscle tension.
C) use a general anesthesia.
D) use a doula.

Question 48

Yi is about to have her first child. She lives in Los Angeles and has no relatives living in the United States. For assistance and emotional support during the birth of her first child, she decides to hire a nonprofessional woman known as a

A) lactation specialist.
B) doula.
C) birth expert.
D) prepared childbirth assistant.

Question 49

When it comes to childbirth, what does the term "coach" mean?

A) Someone who is integrated into the birthing process with the mother
B) The term is only used if the biological father is present
C) The person who teaches the Lamaze classes
D) A medical assistant assigned to work with the mother-to-be during delivery

Question 50

Rebecca is in labor with her first child. Her physician informs her it will be necessary to deliver the child via C- section. What does this mean?

A) The physician will cut through the abdomen and uterus and remove the baby.
B) The baby will be delivered through the birth canal.
C) The baby will be born using forceps.
D) A C-section will not be performed, as this technique is never used on first-time mothers.

Question 51

Which of the following is TRUE about the use of anesthesia during delivery in the United States?

A) All women are required to use some form of anesthesia.
B) The most common anesthetic used is Valium.
C) Anesthetics are hardly ever used during delivery.
D) At least some anesthesia is used in most U.S. deliveries.

Question 52

Hypnobirthing and Lamaze both focus on teaching the mother techniques of breathing and relaxation. However, the Lamaze method also incorporates the idea of

A) having a coach.
B) giving birth at home.
C) using a midwife.
D) going home from the hospital as quickly as possible after the baby is born.

Question 53

A nonprofessional female companion, present during the birthing process to provide emotional support to the mother, is called

A) a doula.
B) a midwife.
C) a cesarean.
D) a Lamaze coach.

Question 54

According to one recent study (Hartocollis, 2015), women who used doulas during their labor and deliveries

A) reported having less pain.
B) tended to have shorter labors.
C) tended to use less anesthesia.
D) had fewer breech births.

Question 55

Abby was given an injection into her spinal canal, which temporarily numbed her body below the waist. What type of anesthesia was Abby given?

A) Epidural
B) General anesthesia
C) A tranquilizer
D) A barbiturate

Question 56

The Lamaze method involves

A) the mother being taught self-hypnosis, so there will be no pain during delivery.
B) the father being taught how to deliver the baby, should it become necessary.
C) expectant mothers being taught which pain medications to ask for during delivery.
D) the use of breathing and relaxation techniques during contractions.

Question 57

In the United States today, which of the following is TRUE of the use of drugs (anesthetics, narcotics, etc.) during childbirth?

A) They are strongly associated with birthing complications.
B) They are used less commonly today than 20 years ago.
C) They cannot cross the placental membrane and affect the neonate.
D) They are used, in some amount, in most deliveries.

Question 58

Cesarean-section was named after

A) Dr. Cesarean, the first physician to develop and use the procedure.
B) Mary Cesarean, the first woman to deliver a fetus using this method.
C) Julius Caesar, who was thought to have been delivered this way.
D) The word Cesarean, which means "cut".

Question 59

Reasons to perform a C-section include small maternal pelvis, maternal weakness or fatigue, fetal distress, and

A) a baby who is unusually small.
B) a baby who is being born headfirst.
C) a baby who is too large.
D) maternal anxiety during the delivery process.

Question 60

Which of the following appears to be TRUE about the use of the Lamaze method?

A) It has no apparent impact on the birthing process.
B) Mothers using Lamaze report less pain and ask for less medication.
C) It completely eradicates pain during the birthing process.
D) It is a method only used in the United States.

Question 61

Which of the following terms means "without oxygen?"

A) Toxemia
B) Anoxia
C) Plastemia
D) Hypoxia

Question 62

A Dutch study examined 1,338 individuals born at either a gestational age of less than 32 weeks or a weight of 3.3 lbs. or less. Results from this study indicate that at age 9-14, of the group could be characterized as having a severe disability:

A) 0
B) 1%
C) 5%
D) 10%

Question 63

When is a baby considered to be low birth weight?

A) It depends upon the sex of the child.
B) It is less than 19 inches long.
C) It weighs less than 5½ pounds.
D) It weighs less than 3½ pounds.

Question 64

If a woman has a Cesarean-section to deliver her first child, what is the most likely mode of delivery for her second child?

A) Vaginal birth
B) Cesarean birth
C) It would depend upon the age of the mother.
D) The mother would choose vaginal or Cesarean depending upon what she prefers.

Question 65

Which of the following has been found to increase the cognitive functioning of very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) children?

A) Having older siblings in the home with whom to socialize
B) Eating a diet low in proteins such as milk, meat, eggs and nuts
C) Vigorous physical exercise and play
D) Attending preschool

Question 66

Which of the following statements about the percentage of children born premature or low birth weight is accurate?

A) The incidence does not vary by ethnic and racial groups.
B) Overall, the incidence is about 12%.
C) It depends upon whether the mother is having multiple babies (such as twins).
D) It almost always leads to fetal hypoxia during the birthing process.

Question 67

Which of the following statements about a baby who is low in birth weight but full term is accurate?

A) It is possible that the mother smoked during pregnancy.
B) The mother probably received adequate prenatal nutrition.
C) The infant would be referred to as "very small for date".
D) The baby would be referred to as a "Duchenne infant".

Question 68

A preterm infant

A) may have weak sucking and breathing reflexes.
B) is likely to have a higher than normal body temperature.
C) is more likely to be a first child rather than a later-born child.
D) generally, will show no deficits other than just being smaller.

Question 69

The cognitive functioning and school achievement of with low birth weight appears to improve more rapidly than those of with low birth weight.

A) urban children; rural children
B) girls; boys
C) boys; girls
D) children born at home; children born in hospitals

Question 70

The emerging baby receives oxygen through the umbilical cord. Temporary squeezing of the umbilical cord during the birth process , whereas prolonged constriction of the cord .

A) may be fatal; is always fatal
B) causes early-onset schizophrenia; causes cerebral palsy
C) generally, causes no problems; is associated with developmental problems
D) causes cerebral palsy; generally, causes no problems

Question 71

What is lanugo?

A) A Latin term for prematurity
B) A white oily substance that covers the skin of some newborns
C) A fine downy hair that covers the skin of some newborns
D) A breathing problem in premature infants

Question 72

The words anoxia and hypoxia

A) are interchangeable.
B) are different, with anoxia meaning no oxygen and hypoxia means under oxygen.
C) are different, with anoxia meaning under oxygen and hypoxia meaning no oxygen.
D) are different, with anoxia meaning without oxygen; hypoxia meaning without water.

Question 73

Much of the research investigating the effects of oxygen deprivation on the developing fetus has focused on the area of the brain known as the

A) hippocampus.
B) amygdala.
C) brain stem.
D) parietal lobe.

Question 74

A baby is considered premature

A) if birth occurs at or before 37 weeks of gestation.
B) if the newborn weighs less than 5½ pounds.
C) if birth occurs at 40 weeks of gestation.
D) it depends upon whether this is the first birth for the mother.

Question 75

Anoxia is most likely to be detected before it causes damage by

A) lack of fetal movement.
B) spikes in the mother's heartbeat.
C) changes in the mother's blood pressure.
D) fetal monitoring.

Question 76

Approximately 7% of children are born preterm or low in birth weight. However, among multiple births, such as in the case of having twins, the risk of having a preterm child rises to at least

A) 10%.
B) 20%.
C) 50%.
D) 75%.

Question 77

Prolonged oxygen deprivation is MOST likely

A) during a Cesarean delivery.
B) if the baby is in a breech position.
C) if fetal monitors are used.
D) during any of these situations

Question 78

In a research study by Jeng et al., (2000), what percentage of very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants were walking by 18 months of age?

A) 50%
B) 89%
C) 100%
D) It depended upon the sex of the child.

Question 79

What is vernix?

A) A white oily substance that covers the skin of some newborns
B) A Latin term for prematurity
C) A fine downy hair that covers the skin of some newborns
D) A breathing problem in premature infants

Question 80

Eric and Susanne's baby was deprived of oxygen during the birth process. As a result, their baby may experience which types of problems?

A) Learning, memory, motor development, and spatial relations
B) A higher than normal number of childhood illnesses, such as colds and ear infections
C) PKU or Huntington's disease
D) Rh incompatibility and FAE or FAS