Deck 6: The Proteins and Amino Acids

Question 1

Which of the following substances protects the stomach lining from the very strong acid of the stomach?

A) saliva
B) enzymes
C) mucus
D) antibodies

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Your friend avoids acid foods like tomatoes and orange juice because she believes they give her an acid stomach. What information would you give her in response to that?

A) Highly acidic foods do increase the acidity of the stomach.
B) You need to see your doctor about producing more mucus to line your stomach.
C) The stomach is supposed to be alkaline to do its job.
D) No food is acidic enough to make the stomach acid stronger.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What is the name for the large globular protein molecule packed inside the red blood cells that carries oxygen?

A) homocysteine
B) oxydologen
C) transferrin
D) hemoglobin

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following amino acids is considered indispensable/essential?

A) glutamine
B) valine
C) cysteine
D) alanine

Question 5

Which of the following health conditions is a hereditary amino acid disorder?

A) sickle cell disease
B) hemophilia
C) kwashiorkor
D) diabetes

Question 6

From which of the following essential amino acids does the body make tyrosine?

A) lysine
B) phenylalanine
C) leucine
D) threonine

Question 7

Which body protein helps to form bones and teeth?

A) insulin
B) collagen
C) enzymes
D) hemoglobin

Question 8

What part of the body absorbs single amino acids, dipeptides, and tripeptides?

A) colon
B) gallbladder
C) stomach
D) small intestine

Question 9

Which of the following components is a protein catalyst that acts on other substances to change them chemically?

A) enzyme
B) collagen
C) antibody
D) hormone

Question 10

Which of the following components accounts for the differences between amino acids?

A) the side chain
B) the nitrogen chain
C) the acid group
D) the amine group

Question 11

Carbohydrate, fat, and protein all offer energy, but protein also offers which of the following elements?

A) oxygen
B) hydrogen
C) nitrogen
D) carbon

Question 12

What factor determines the sequences of amino acids that make up a protein molecule?

A) gender
B) body size
C) age
D) heredity

Question 13

What is the recommended Dietary Reference Intake DRI) for protein for a 40-year-old male who is 193 cm tall and weighs 180 pounds?

A) 34 grams
B) 49 grams
C) 65 grams
D) 144 grams

Question 14

Which of the following conditions can cause denaturation of proteins?

A) size of the protein chain
B) cold temperatures
C) sunlight
D) heat exposure

Question 15

Which of the following behaviours can help athletes achieve bigger muscles?

A) exercising rigorously
B) consuming amino acid supplements
C) ingesting creatine
D) eating excess protein from food

Question 16

Phenylketonuria is an inherited disease that disables the body from metabolizing which of the following amino acids?

A) phenylalanine
B) methiaonine
C) leucine
D) alanine

Question 17

How much protein per meal is needed to stimulate protein synthesis?

A) 5-15 grams
B) 10-20 grams
C) 15-20 grams
D) 20-30 grams

Question 18

How many amino acids are considered to be indispensable/essential?

A) 5
B) 7
C) 9
D) 13

Question 19

Why is milk used as a first-aid remedy for someone who has swallowed a heavy-metal poison?

A) The metal taste of the poison is removed by consuming milk.
B) Milk will cause the person to vomit and expel the poison.
C) Calcium in milk will render the poison harmless.
D) The poison acts on the protein in the milk rather than on the gastrointestinal tract.

Question 20

What is the name for the bond that is formed between the amine group end of one amino acid and the acid group end of the next amino acid in a protein?

A) sulphate
B) denatured
C) acidic
D) peptide

Question 21

Which of the following situations is an example of wasting amino acids?

A) over-consuming protein in the diet
B) including adequate amount of fat in the diet
C) consuming essential amino acids in the diet
D) eating enough carbohydrate in the diet

Question 22

Which of the following foods has the highest protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score PDCAAS)?

A) soybean protein
B) pea flour
C) kidney beans
D) tuna

Question 23

Proteins attract water and hold it within blood vessels, preventing it from freely flowing into the spaces between the cells. Which of the following will an individual develop should any part of this system begin to fail?

A) dehydration
B) edema
C) diabetes
D) acidosis

Question 24

What type of protein does the body's immune system need to manufacture in order to fight influenza and develop immunity?

A) antibodies
B) antigens
C) hemoglobin
D) lipoproteins

Question 25

What is the name given to the compounds that maintain acid-base balance in the blood?

A) hormones
B) buffers
C) electrolytes
D) enzymes

Question 26

According to the Dietary Reference Intakes DRI) committee, minimum protein intake should be what percentage of total Calories?

A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 15%
D) 20%

Question 27

Which of the following food categories provides the amino acids that are most easily absorbed by the body?

A) legumes
B) animal proteins
C) vegetables
D) grains

Question 28

The Dietary Reference Intake DRI) for protein depends on which of the following factors?

A) gender
B) body weight
C) food source
D) height

Question 29

Amino acids are broken down, then incorporated by the liver into which of the following substances?

A) bile
B) chyme
C) glucose
D) urea

Question 30

The protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score PDCAAS) takes which of the following factors into account?

A) the quality of food protein
B) the length of time for the protein to break down
C) how well the protein supports weight gain
D) the number of amino acids in a food

Question 31

Which of the following vitamin requirements increases when consuming an excess of any one amino acid?

A) thiamine
B) niacin
C) riboflavin
D) folate

Question 32

What does the body do with an oversupply of amino acids?

A) It converts them to glycogen or fat.
B) It removes them and excretes their acid groups.
C) It makes excess nitrogen.
D) It stores them until they are needed.

Question 33

Which of the following food items provides all of the essential amino acids?

A) brown rice
B) natural peanut butter
C) poached egg
D) wheat bran

Question 34

What does the term protein turnover mean?

A) maintaining electrolyte balance
B) building antibodies
C) ingesting protein-rich foods
D) replacing worn-out cells

Question 35

For which of the following vitamins is the amino acid tryptophan the starting material?

A) niacin
B) thiamin
C) folate
D) vitamin C

Question 36

Which of the following cooking methods would you use to maximize the digestibility of protein?

A) grilling
B) frying
C) boiling
D) baking

Question 37

Which of the following meals is an example of complementary protein combinations?

A) oatmeal with brown sugar
B) rice and black-eyed peas
C) roast chicken and ribs
D) cheese omelet

Question 38

What medical condition results from an excess of acid in the blood?

A) alkalinity
B) alkalosis
C) acidosis
D) acid-base imbalance

Question 39

Which of the following electrolytes is concentrated inside the body's cells?

A) magnesium
B) potassium
C) sodium
D) chloride

Question 40

Which of the following amino acids is responsible for the production of the brown pigment known as melanin?

A) proline
B) cysteine
C) tyrosine
D) glutamine

Question 41

Plant-based diets are often lower in which of the following fat sources?

A) polyunsaturated fats
B) hydrogenated fats
C) monounsaturated fats
D) saturated fats

Question 42

Your friend is a vegetarian who consumes large quantities of soy products in the place of meat. Your friend is at risk of developing a deficiency of what nutrient?

A) folate
B) vitamin C
C) iron
D) calcium

Question 43

Purified sources of protein cause what nutrient to be spilled from the urine?

A) calcium
B) sodium
C) phosphorous
D) magnesium

Question 44

In North America, which of the following groups has a high rate of protein-energy malnutrition?

A) school children
B) AIDS patients
C) bulimia nervosa sufferers
D) adults with kidney disease

Question 45

Which of the following vitamins is typically lacking in a poorly-planned vegetarian diet?

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin K
C) vitamin C
D) vitamin D

Question 46

What is the term used to describe an individual who excludes animal flesh, seafood, and eggs, but who consumes dairy products, vegetables, grains, legumes, fruits, and nuts?

A) vegan
B) lacto-vegetarian
C) fruitarian
D) ovo-vegetarian

Question 47

What type of vegetarian diet can result in malnutrition and even death?

A) macrobiotic diet
B) fruitarian diet
C) partial vegetarian diet
D) vegan diet

Question 48

In determining its recommendation for daily protein intake needs, the Dietary Reference Intakes DRI) committee made use of studies related to what topic?

A) mutual supplementation
B) glycemic index
C) food insecurity
D) nitrogen balance

Question 49

What is the name for an infection of the digestive tract that causes diarrhea, which further depletes minerals from the body?

A) dysentry
B) dehydration
C) diphtheria
D) dyspepsia

Question 50

Which of the following groups of people is susceptible to losing more nitrogen than they are taking in?

A) lactating women
B) surgery patients
C) growing children
D) pregnant women

Question 51

Which of the following symptoms would a child with marasmus exhibit?

A) dry, thin, and wrinkled skin
B) edema
C) skin lesions
D) slight weight loss

Question 52

What is the name for the chronic Calorie-deficiency disease that takes the form of extreme loss of muscle and fat?

A) kwashiorkor
B) marasmus
C) dysentery
D) protein-Calorie malnutrition

Question 53

Which of the following symptom is representative of kwashiorkor disease?

A) enlarged, fatty liver
B) normal or impaired appetite
C) severe weight loss
D) impaired protein absorption

Question 54

Which of the following food items would include limited protein content?

A) kidney beans
B) yogurt
C) banana
D) peanuts

Question 55

What is the most accurate term used to describe an individual who excludes poultry meat from the diet?

A) a pollo-vegetarian
B) an ovo-vegetarian
C) a lacto-vegetarian
D) a pesco-vegetarian

Question 56

Which of the following food items can be made into a source of textured vegetable protein?

A) legumes
B) mushrooms
C) soybeans
D) red peppers

Question 57

According to the Canadian Community Health Survey 2.2, adults obtain approximately what percentage of the total Calories in their diet from protein?

A) 13%
B) 15%
C) 17%
D) 19%

Question 58

According to the Dietary Reference Intakes DRI) committee, a healthy adult's intake for protein should be how many grams for each kilogram of body weight?

A) 0.5 grams per kilogram
B) 0.8 grams per kilogram
C) 1.0 grams per kilogram
D) 1.5 grams per kilogram

Question 59

What was the major protein source most available to Canadians in 2009?

A) eggs
B) poultry
C) all dairy
D) red meat

Question 60

If you consume more animal protein, of which of the following nutrients is your intake likely to be higher?

A) saturated fat
B) water-soluble vitamins
C) nonessential amino acids
D) complex carbohydrate

Question 61

The growth of well-fed vegetarian children is similar to that of their meat-eating peers.

Question 62

For the majority of exercisers, adding excess protein or amino acid supplements to an adequate diet will stimulate muscle building.

Question 63

Some foods are so high in acid that they are capable of making the acid in the stomach even stronger.

Question 64

Under special circumstances, a nonessential amino acid can become essential.

Question 65

Vegetarians have significantly higher rates of certain cancers than the general population.

Question 66

Sound nutrition authorities acknowledge that well-chosen vegetarian diets are consistent with good health and can meet nutrient needs.

Question 67

When a person ingests a large dose of any single amino acid, absorption of others of its type may be limited.

Question 68

Protein-energy malnutrition PEM) is the world's most widespread form of malnutrition.

Question 69

If needed, protein can help to maintain a steady blood glucose level and so serve the glucose need of the brain.

Question 70

Which of the following vitamins assists with the absorption of iron from plant-based foods?

A) thiamine
B) vitamin C
C) vitamin E
D) niacin

Question 71

According to the Vegetarian Food Guide Rainbow, which of the following constitutes one serving of cooked beans, peas, or lentils?

A) 1/2 cup 125 mL)
B) 1 cup 250 mL)
C) 1 1/2 cups 375 mL)
D) 2 cups 500 mL)

Question 72

Under conditions of inadequate energy or carbohydrate, protein use slows down.

Question 73

Children who follow a vegan diet may have slightly higher protein requirements than the dietary reference intakes DRI) recommendations for the general meat-eating population.

Question 74

Which food item is considered a source of vitamin B₁₂ but may also contribute to toxic levels of iodine in the body?

A) tofu
B) mushrooms
C) seaweed
D) bean sprouts

Question 75

The DRI committee recommends that iron intake for vegetarians be adjusted upward by what amount in comparison to the general population?

A) 1.2
B) 1.4
C) 1.6
D) 1.8

Question 76

Which of the following vitamins is provided by meat but is insufficient in plant-based diets?

A) vitamin B₁₂
B) vitamin A
C) riboflavin
D) vitamin D

Question 77

Amino acid supplements are easy to digest and can relieve the digestive system from overworking.

Question 78

Most people in Canada would find it next to impossible to meet their protein requirements.

Question 79

Starvation always incurs wasting of lean body tissue as well as loss of fat.

Question 80

Explain how proteins help to regulate the quantity of fluids in the compartments of the body to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance.