Deck 25: Water,Electrolyte,and Acid-Base Balance

Question 1

Which of the following is not true of extracellular fluid?

A) Most body water is extracellular.
B) Plasma is extracellular fluid.
C) Transcellular fluid is extracellular.
D) There is more interstitial fluid than intravascular fluid.

Answer 1

Most body water is extracellular.

Question 2

Kaliuresis refers to the urinary loss of

A) water.
B) albumin.
C) potassium.
D) sodium.

Answer 2

potassium.

Question 3

Which of the following forms the greatest extracellular fluid compartment?

A) lymph
B) interstitial
C) plasma
D) transcellular

Answer 3

interstitial

Question 4

Which of the following is most likely to occur when output is less than intake?

A) dehydration
B) edema
C) hypovolemia
D) polyuria

Question 5

Excess diuresis is most likely to cause

A) edema.
B) overhydration.
C) blood volume depletion.
D) acidosis.

Question 6

Metabolic acidosis such as diabetic ketoacidosis is most likely to cause

A) hypoventilation.
B) Kussmaul respirations.
C) the renal excretion of bicarbonate.
D) the renal retention of H⁺.

Question 7

Which of the following is not a function of the lungs?

A) oxygenation of blood
B) excretion of carbon dioxide
C) secretion of aldosterone and the regulation of Na⁺
D) regulation of blood pH

Question 8

Which of the following is descriptive of normal saline?

A) distilled water
B) 0.9 % sodium chloride
C) highly acidic
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D) contains albumin

Question 9

K⁺

A) is a cation.
B) is an acid.
C) neutralizes H⁺.
D) is the chief extracellular cation.

Question 10

Hyperventilation is most likely to cause

A) a blood pH greater than 7.45.
B) diuresis.
C) edema.
D) acidosis.

Question 11

Which fluid compartment is located between the cells and is also called tissue fluid?

A) lymph
B) plasma
C) interstitial
D) transcellular

Question 12

Bicarbonate (HCO-₃)is considered an anion because it

A) contains hydrogen.
B) contains carbon.
C) contains oxygen.
D) carries a negative charge.

Question 13

Which of the following is most likely to occur when output exceeds intake?

A) diuresis
B) polyuria
C) hematuria
D) dehydration

Question 14

Which of the following is true about interstitial fluid,plasma,lymph,and transcellular fluid?

A) contain no electrolytes
B) protein-free fluids
C) classified as extracellular
D) pH less than 6 (highly acidic)

Question 15

Hypoventilation is most likely to cause

A) acidosis.
B) edema.
C) renal excretion of bicarbonate.
D) hypokalemia.

Question 16

Which of the following acts as a base?

A) H⁺
B) OH⁻
C) calcium ion
D) gastric juice

Question 17

Water and chloride usually follow the movement of this cation.

A) bicarbonate
B) sodium
C) potassium
D) albumin

Question 18

Most body water is located within which space?

A) interstitial
B) intravascular
C) intracellular
D) transcellular

Question 19

Poor skin turgor is most indicative of

A) cystitis.
B) acidosis.
C) edema.
D) dehydration.

Question 20

Which of the following can be defined as an H⁺ donor?

A) ion
B) tincture
C) acid
D) bicarbonate

Question 21

Respiratory rate is most sensitive to the effects of this ion.

A) Na⁺
B) K⁺
C) H⁺
D) Cl-

Question 22

Which ion determines pH?

A) sodium
B) hydrogen
C) bicarbonate
D) potassium

Question 23

Retention of this ion causes water retention and edema formation.

A) potassium
B) hydrogen
C) sodium
D) bicarbonate

Question 24

Which of the following is most likely to develop in an anxious hyperventilating patient?

A) respiratory acidosis
B) alkalosis
C) a decrease in plasma pH
D) ketoacidosis

Question 25

Which of the following is a buffer pair?

A) PTH,aldosterone
B) ADH,ANF
C) HCO-₃,H₂CO₃
D) sodium,potassium

Question 26

Which hormone stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb calcium and to excrete phosphate?

A) ADH
B) aldosterone
C) parathyroid hormone
D) erythropoietin

Question 27

Hyperkalemia refers to an increase in the blood levels of which ion?

A) hydrogen
B) bicarbonate
C) calcium
D) potassium

Question 28

Which hormone causes the kidneys to retain sodium and to excrete potassium?

A) ADH
B) erythropoietin
C) aldosterone
D) PTH

Question 29

A patient is admitted with severe emphysema and a PO? of 85.He also has a blood pH of 7.25 and a serum bicarbonate of 40.Which of the following is the accurate description?

A) metabolic acidosis and respiratory compensation
B) metabolic alkalosis with a respiratory compensation
C) respiratory alkalosis with a renal compensation
D) respiratory acidosis with a renal compensation

Question 30

Which of the following is characteristic of acidosis?

A) pH of 7.55
B) a decrease in the concentration of hydrogen ion in the blood
C) urinary excretion of bicarbonate
D) pH less than 7.35

Question 31

Most diuretics increase urine production by blocking the effects of this cation.

A) calcium
B) bicarbonate
C) chloride
D) sodium

Question 32

More than 99% of this cation is stored in the bones and teeth.

A) potassium
B) hydrogen
C) chloride
D) calcium

Question 33

Which of the following anions buffers H⁺?

A) Ca²⁺
B) HCO-₃
C) Na⁺
D) K⁺

Question 34

Which of the following is most likely to develop in a patient who hypoventilates because of a chronic respiratory disease,such as emphysema?

A) Kussmaul respirations
B) a decrease in the plasma concentration of hydrogen ion
C) an increase in plasma pH
D) acidosis

Question 35

This ion determines the resting membrane potential of nerve and muscle.

A) sodium
B) calcium
C) hydrogen
D) potassium

Question 36

Which condition is caused by vomiting stomach contents?

A) hyperkalemia
B) hypernatremia and blood volume expansion
C) hypocalcemic tetany
D) alkalosis

Question 37

Which group is incorrect?

A) cations:sodium,potassium,calcium
B) acid-base imbalances:acidosis and alkalosis
C) lines of defense against acid-base imbalance:buffers,lungs,kidneys
D) transcellular fluids:aqueous humor,cerebrospinal fluid,plasma

Question 38

What does urinary specific gravity measure?

A) plasma H+ concentration
B) hydration status of the body
C) plasma potassium
D) the buffering capacity of the blood

Question 39

Which condition stimulates Kussmaul respirations?

A) respiratory acidosis
B) respiratory alkalosis
C) ketoacidosis
D) hypocalcemic tetany

Question 40

This is the chief extracellular cation.

A) chloride
B) calcium
C) sodium
D) potassium

Question 41

Which group is incorrect?

A) ions:sodium,potassium,calcium,bicarbonate,chloride
B) lines of defense against acid-base imbalance:buffers,lungs,kidneys
C) extracellular fluid:intravascular,interstitial,transcellular
D) substances that are normally found in a sample of urine:urea,creatinine,glucose

Question 42

Which group is incorrect?

A) anions:bicarbonate,chloride,phosphate
B) lines of defense against acid-base imbalance:buffers,lungs,kidneys
C) transcellular fluids:aqueous humor,cerebrospinal fluid,synovial fluid
D) hormones:aldosterone,ADH,ANP,urea